A REVIEW ON PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS DURING DIVORCE PROCESS

Öz

The present review descriptively introduced psychological interventions employed during divorce process to contribute to the development of effective mental health practices. As a life crisis, divorce might have negative impacts both on spouses and children. In recent years, the terms such as constructive and healthy divorce have also started to be underlined in the related literature. In fact, increasing divorce rates necessitate well-established post-divorce support programs. Hence, more information regarding psychological interventions during divorce process is needed to employ effective practices for affected families. Psychological post-divorce interventions usually aim to reduce the negative effects of the termination of the marriage and to support the family members in terms of functional coping skills. Such interventions might include the entire family, a subsystem (e.g., spouses, parents, siblings) or the affected individual alone. Psychological interventions during divorce process might also be delivered in the form of psychotherapy, mediation, or psychoeducational programs. In psychotherapy settings, cognitive-behavioral therapy, forgiveness therapy, and grief therapy can be employed depending on the nature and intensity of the problems. Accordingly, the principles, approaches, and stages of psychological interventions during divorce process were summarized in the current review. Particularly, lack of longitudinal and controlled studies in post-divorce interventions, inadequacy of training for conducting such programs, and contextual factors compromising the effectiveness were emphasized. The limitations of the current literature on psychological interventions during divorce process were also addressed and suggestions have been made for future research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• divorce
• divorce therapy
• divorce counseling

Boşanma Sürecinde Psikolojik Müdahaleler Üzerine Bir Derleme

Öz

Bu derlemede boşanma sürecinde etkili uygulamalara temel oluşturmasına katkı sağlamak amacıyla psikolojik müdahaleler betimsel düzeyde ele alınmaktadır. Bir kriz durumu olan boşanmanın eşler ve varsa çocukları üzerinde olumsuz etkileri bulunmaktadır. Son yıllarda ise buna ek olarak yapıcı ve sağlıklı boşanma kavramlarından bahsedilmektedir. Boşanma oranlarındaki artış ile beraber boşanma sonrası yaşam düzenlemelerine destek ihtiyacı da artmaktadır. Ruh sağlığı alanında çalışanların boşanma sonrası uyum ile ilgili yetkin ve etkili uygulamalar oluşturabilmelerini desteklemek amacıyla boşanma sürecinde psikolojik müdahalelerin neler olduğu, nasıl yapıldığı ve bu müdahalelerin hangi koşullarda daha etkili olduğunu içeren bilgilere gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Boşanma sürecindeki psikolojik müdahaleler, evliliğin sonlanması aşamasında aile üyelerinin olumsuz etkiler yaşamasını azaltmayı ve başa çıkma becerileri kazanmalarını desteklemeyi amaçlayan bir yaklaşımdır. Boşanma sürecinde psikolojik müdahaleler boşanma aşamasındaki tüm aile üyelerine, eşler, ebeveynler ya da kardeşler gibi bir alt sistemi oluşturan aile üyelerine veya sadece bir aile üyesine yönelik olarak sunulabilmektedir. Boşanma sürecinde psikolojik müdahaleler; psikoterapi, arabuluculuk ya da psikoeğitsel programlar şeklinde verilebilmektedir. Psikoterapi yaklaşımında; bilişsel-davranışçı terapi, affetme terapisi, yas terapisi gibi farklı yaklaşımlar kullanılabilmektedir. Boşananlar arasındaki çatışmanın düzeyine göre kullanılabilecek yaklaşımlar farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Boşanma sürecinde psikolojik müdahalelerin ilkeleri, yaklaşımları, aşamaları özetlenmiştir. Boşanma sürecinde psikolojik müdahaleleri ele alan yurt dışı ve yurt içi araştırmalar ele alındığında bu alanda bir gereksinim olduğu görülmektedir. Boşanma sürecinde psikolojik müdahaleler alanında kontrollü ve boylamsal çalışmaların eksikliği, boşanma sürecinde psikolojik müdahalelere özgü spesifik eğitimlerin yetersizliği ve boşanma alanında etkililiğin değerlendirilirken nelerden etkilenebileceği konuları vurgulanmıştır. Boşanma sürecinde psikolojik müdahaleleri ele alan mevcut literatürdeki sınırlılıklar ele alınmış, daha ileri araştırmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• boşanma
• boşanma terapisi
• boşanma danışmanlığı

Kaynakça

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