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COVID-19 Stresörlerine Maruziyet ve Stres Tepkisi Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2022, , 135 - 159, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.973914

Öz

Bu çalışma ile COVID-19 pandemi sürecine ilişkin stresörleri, bireylerin bu stresörlere maruziyetlerini ve stresörlere ait stres düzeylerini değerlendirmek amacıyla Park ve arkadaşları (2020) tarafından geliştirilen COVID-19 Stresörlerine Maruziyet ve Stres Tepkisi Ölçeğinin (CSÖ) Türkçe uyarlama ve geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışmasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Ölçek, COVID-19 pandemi sürecine ilişkin 23 stresör maddesinden ve enfekte olma, aktiviteler ve kaynaklarla ilişkili stres alanları olmak üzere üç alt faktörden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın örneklemini yaşları 19-60 aralığında değişen 154 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin geçerlik analizleri için açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri kullanılmıştır. Aynı zamanda ölçüt bağlantılı geçerlik analizi için COVID-19 Pandemisi Toplum Ölçeği alt boyutları (pandemi duyarlılığı, pandemiden korunma ve pandemide sosyal güven) ve COVID-19’a ilişkin risk algısı değişkeni kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucu, orijinalinde üç alt faktör ve 23 maddeden oluşan CSÖ Türkçe formunda 20 madde ve enfekte olma, aktiviteler ve finansal ve finansal olmayan kaynaklar ile ilişkili stresörler olmak üzere üç faktörlü bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Ölçek, COVID-19 Pandemisi Toplum Ölçeği pandemi duyarlılığı ve pandemiden korunma alt boyutlarıyla pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir ve bulgular ölçeğin geçerliğini destekler niteliktedir. Ölçeğin güvenirlik analizi için iç tutarlılık katsayısı, madde-toplam korelasyon değerleri, test yarılama yoluyla elde edilen güvenirlik katsayısı ve test-tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular, söz konusu uyarlanan ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğunu göstermektedir. Ölçeğin Türkçe formu, COVID-19 pandemi sürecine ilişkin stresörleri ele alarak Türkiye’de bireylerin ölçekte yer alan her bir stresöre ait maruziyetlerini ve stres düzeylerini değerlendirmede özgün bir katkı sağlayacaktır.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

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  • Agarwal, P., Kaushik, A., Sarkar, S., Rao, D., Mukherjee, N., Bharat, V., Das, S. ve Saha, A. (2021). Global survey-based assessment of lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Plos One, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255399
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The Turkish Adaptation of COVID-19 Stressors Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study

Yıl 2022, , 135 - 159, 28.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.973914

Öz

This study aimed to adapt COVID-19 Stressors Scale to Turkish. The scale was originally developed by Park and colleagues (2020) to assess exposure to stressors and stress levels related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The scale includes 23 stressor items related to COVID-19 pandemic with a 3-factor structure. The sample of this study consisted of 154 participants aged between 19 and 60. For validity analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Also, for the criterion-related validity analysis, sub-dimensions of COVID-19 Pandemic Community Scale (i.e., sensitivity to COVID-19 pandemic, protection against COVID-19 pandemic, and social trust in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic), and COVID-19 risk perception variable were used. As a result of the analysis, 20 items with a 3-factor structure, namely infection-related, activity-related, and financial and nonfinancial resource-related stressors were obtained in the Turkish form of the scale. The scale also showed positive correlations with sensitivity to COVID-19 pandemic and protection against COVID-19 pandemic sub-dimensions of COVID-19 Pandemic Community Scale providing further support for the construct validity of the scale. Also, for reliability analysis, internal consistency, split-half test, test-retest reliability, and item-total correlation analysis were conducted. The psychometric properties of the Turkish form were acceptable, indicating that Turkish form of the scale is reliable and valid. The Turkish version would make an original contribution to the literature by assessing COVID-19 stressors, exposure, and stress levels of those stressors in Turkey.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • Adamson, M. M., Phillips, A., Seenivasan, S., Martinez, J., Grewal, H., Kang, X., Coetzee, J., Luttenbacher, I., Jester, A., Harris, O. A. ve Spiegel, D. (2020). International prevalence and correlates of psychological stress during the global COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249248
  • Agarwal, P., Kaushik, A., Sarkar, S., Rao, D., Mukherjee, N., Bharat, V., Das, S. ve Saha, A. (2021). Global survey-based assessment of lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Plos One, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255399
  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D. ve Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Alış, S. (2017). Geçiş ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. IMCOFE, Barselona, 282–292.
  • Artan, T., Karaman, M., Arslan, İ. ve Cebeci, F. (2020). COVID-19 Salgınına Yönelik Algı ve Tutumları Değerlendirme Ölçeği’nin değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi, 4(2), 101–107.
  • Ayyıldız, H., Cengiz, E. ve Ustasüleyman, T. (2006). Üretim ve pazarlama bölüm çalışanları arası davranışsal değişkenlerin firma performansı üzerine etkisine ilişkin yapısal bir model önerisi. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17, 21–38.
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  • Holingue, C., Badillo-Goicoechea, E., Riehm, K. E., Veldhuis, C. B., Thrul, J., Johnson, R. M., Fallin, M. D., Kreuter, F., Stuart, E. ve Kalb, L. G. (2020). Mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among US adults without a pre-existing mental health condition: Findings from American trend panel survey. Preventive Medicine, 139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106231
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  • Hunter, L. (2012). Challenging the reported disadvantages of e-questionnaires and addressing methodological issues of online data collection. Nurse Researcher, 20(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2012.09.20.1.11.c9303
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  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practise of structural equation modeling (3. basım). The Guilford Press.
  • Kowal, M., Coll‐Martín, T., Ikizer, G., Rasmussen, J., Eichel, K., Studzińska, A., Koszałkowska, K., Najmussaqib, A., Pankowski, D. ve Ahmed, O. (2020). Who is the most stressed during the COVID‐19 pandemic? Data from 26 countries and areas. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 12(4), 946–966. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12234
  • Kujawa, A., Green, H., Compas, B. E., Dickey, L. ve Pegg, S. (2020). Exposure to COVID‐19 pandemic stress: Associations with depression and anxiety in emerging adults in the United States. Depression and Anxiety, 37(12), 1280–1288. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23109
  • Lee, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44(7), 393–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
  • Lenzo, V., Quattropani, M. C., Sardella, A., Martino, G. ve Bonanno, G. A. (2021). Depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak and relationships with expressive flexibility and context sensitivity. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.62303
  • Lieberoth, A., Lin, S. Y., Stöckli, S., Han, H., Kowal, M., Gelpi, R., Chrona, S., Tran, T. P., Jeftić, A., Rasmussen, J., Cakal, H., Milfont, T. L., Lieberoth, A., Yamada, Y., Han, H., Rasmussen, J., Amin, R., Debove, S., Gelpí, R., … Dubrov, D. (2021). Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: Relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey. Royal Society Open Science, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200589
  • Lovibond, P. F. ve Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
  • Mamun, M. A. ve Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102073
  • Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R. ve McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 391–410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.391
  • Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C. ve Roma, P. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: Immediate psychological responses and associated factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165
  • Memiş-Doğan, M. ve Düzel, B. (2020). Covid-19 özelinde korku-kaygı düzeyleri. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 739–752. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44678
  • Özabacı, N. (2011). İlişki Niteliği Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(162), 159–167.
  • Park, C. L., Russell, B. S., Fendrich, M., Finkelstein-Fox, L., Hutchison, M. ve Becker J. (2020). Americans’ COVID-19 stress, coping, and adherence to CDC guidelines. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(8), 2296–2303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05898-9
  • Pedrozo-Pupo, J. C., Pedrozo-Cortés, M. J. ve Campo-Arias, A. (2020). Perceived stress associated with COVID-19 epidemic in Colombia: An online survey. Cadernos de Saude Publica, 36(5). https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00090520
  • Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B. ve Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
  • Simione, L. ve Gnagnarella, C. (2020). Differences between health workers and general population in risk perception, behaviors, and psychological distress related to COVID- 19 spread in Italy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02166
  • Stevens, J. P. (2012). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (5. basım). Routledge.
  • Şentürk, S. ve Bakır, N. (2021). The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and the depression, anxiety and stress levels of nursing students during the Covid-19 outbreak. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(2), 97–105. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.21.2.12
  • Tambling, R. R., Russell, B. S., Park, C. L., Fendrich, M., Hutchinson, M., Horton, A. L. ve Tomkunas, A. J. (2021). Measuring cumulative stressfulness: Psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Stressors Scale. Health Education and Behavior, 48(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198120979912
  • Taylor, S., Landry, C., Paluszek, M., Fergus, T. A., McKay, D. ve Asmundson, G. J. (2020). Development and initial validation of the COVID Stress Scales. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102232
  • Torales, J., O’Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M. ve Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(4), 317–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020915212
  • Travaglino, G. A. (2020). How is the COVID19 pandemic affecting Europeans’ lives? Open Science Framework, Kent, UK. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30558.59209
  • The Jamovi project (2020). Jamovi. (Computer software). Erişim Tarihi: 13 Nisan, 2021, https://www.jamovi.org
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı. (2020, 16 Mart). 81 il valiliğine coronavirüs tedbirleri konulu ek bir genelge daha gönderildi. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı sitesinden alınmıştır: https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/81-il-valiligine-koronavirus- tedbirleri-konulu-ek-genelge-gonderildi
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S. ve Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • Wang, Y., Di, Y., Ye, J. ve Wei, W. (2020). Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 26(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1746817
  • Weston, R. ve Gore Jr, P. A. (2006). A brief guide to structural equation modeling. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(5), 719–751. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006286345
  • Whitehead, L. C. (2007). Methodological and ethical issues in Internet-mediated research in the field of health: An integrated review of the literature. Social Science and Medicine, 65(4), 782–791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.03.005
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  • World Health Organization. (2020b, 11 Mart). WHO director - General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü sitesinden alınmıştır: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
  • World Health Organization. (2020c, 14 Nisan). COVID-19 strategy update. World Health Organization, 1–18. World Health Organization. (2021, 2 Kasım). WHO coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü sitesinden alınmıştır: https://covid19.who.int/
  • Wu, F., Zhao, S., Yu, B., Chen, Y. M., Wang, W., Song, Z. G., Hu, Y., Tao, Z. W., Tian, J. H., Pei, Y. Y., Yuan, M. L., Zhang, Y. L., Dai, F. H., Liu, Y., Wang, Q. M., Zheng, J. J., Xu, L., Holmes, E. C. ve Zhang, Y. Z. (2020). A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature, 579, 265–269. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3
  • Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L. M., Gill, H., Phan, L., Chen-Li, D., Iacobucci, M., Ho, R., Majeed, A. ve McIntyre, R. S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277(2020), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001
  • Yamada, Y., Ćepulić, D. B., Coll-Martín, T., Debove, S., Gautreau, G., Han, H., Rasmussen, J., Tran, T. P., Travaglino, G. A., Blackburn, A. M., Boullu, L., Bujić, M., Byrne, G., Caniëls, M. C. J., Flis, I., Kowal, M., Rachev, N. R., Reynoso-Alcántara, V., Zerhouni, O., … Lieberoth, A. (2021). COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey dataset on psychological and behavioural consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak. Scientific Data, 8(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00784-9
  • Yıldırım, M. ve Arslan, G. (2020). Exploring the associations between resilience, dispositional hope, subjective well-being, and psychological health among adults during early stage of COVID-19. Current Psychology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01177-2
  • Yorulmaz, I. (2020, 13 Ekim). Koronavirüs: Japonya’da intihar oranı neden yeniden artıyor? BBC News sitesinden alınmıştır: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-54522221
  • Zandifar, A. ve Badrfam, R. (2020). Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101990
  • Zhao, S. Z., Wong, J. Y. H., Wu, Y., Choi, E. P. H., Wang, M. P. ve Lam, T. H. (2020). Social distancing compliance under COVID-19 pandemic and mental health impacts: A population-based study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186692
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Zuhal Beyza Atak Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2664-4205

Özden Yalçınkaya Alkar 0000-0001-8484-9199

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2021
Kabul Tarihi 16 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Atak, Z. B., & Yalçınkaya Alkar, Ö. (2022). COVID-19 Stresörlerine Maruziyet ve Stres Tepkisi Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(1), 135-159. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.973914