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Psychological Well-being in Adolescents with Lower SES: The Roles of System Justifying Beliefs, Anger, and Admiration

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 444 - 488, 28.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.743651

Öz

The present study investigated whether the psychological well-being of adolescents with lower socio-economic status (SES) was related to adolescents’ beliefs about economic inequality and their emotions regarding wealthy peers. The study focused on beliefs about economic inequality from the perspective of system justification theory, which taps individuals’ motivation to justify the existing economic, social, and political arrangements. In terms of emotions, we narrowed our attention to anger and admiration, which are highly relevant emotions in the current study context. We argued that anger and admiration derived from thinking of wealthy peers would mediate the association between economic system justification and well-being in lower SES adolescents. The study sample consisted of 182 high school students coming from lower SES families in Turkey. Anger and admiration were measured in various domains of intergroup relations between SES groups. These domains were material consumption opportunities, family factors, future opportunities and power, perceptions about competence and physical attractiveness, interpersonal relationships, and education opportunities. Results demonstrated that although well-being was positively associated with system justification, it was negatively related to total anger score and total admiration score. Anger, particularly anger derived from thinking of wealthy peers’ material consumption opportunities, mediated the link between economic system justification and well-being. However, although the total admiration score was negatively related to well-being, economic system justification was not significantly related to neither total admiration score nor admiration domains. The results indicated the importance of considering the role of emotions about wealthy peers and economic system justification in understanding well-being among adolescents with lower SES.

Kaynakça

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Düşük Sosyo-Ekonomik Statüdeki Ergenlerde Psikolojik İyi Oluş: Sistemi Meşrulaştırıcı İnançların, Öfke ve Hayranlık Duygularının Rolü

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 444 - 488, 28.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.743651

Öz

Bu çalışmada, düşük sosyo-ekonomik statüdeki (SES) ergenlerin psikolojik iyi oluşlarının ergenlerin varlıklı akranlarıyla ilgili hissettikleri duygularla ve ekonomik eşitsizliğe dair inançlarıyla ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, ekonomik eşitsizlikle ilgili inançlar bireylerin mevcut ekonomik, sosyal ve politik düzenlemeleri meşrulaştırma ve savunma motivasyonunu konu alan sistemi meşrulaştırma kuramı perspektifinden ele alınmıştır. Duygulardan ise mevcut çalışma bağlamı ile oldukça ilişkili olan iki duyguya, öfke ve hayranlık duygularına odaklanılmıştır. Çalışmada varlıklı akranlarla ilgili hissedilen öfke ve hayranlık duygularının ekonomik sistemi meşrulaştırma ve iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık edeceği ileri sürülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini göreli düşük SES’ye sahip 182 lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Öfke ve hayranlık duyguları SES grupları arasında farklı sonuçlar ortaya çıkarma olasılığı olan çeşitli bağlamlarda ölçülmüştür. Bu bağlamlar şunlardır: maddi tüketim imkânları, ailesel etkenler, geleceğe yönelik imkânlar ve güç, yetkinlik ve fiziksel çekicilik algısı, kişilerarası ilişkiler ve eğitim imkânları. Sonuçlar, iyi oluşun sistemi meşrulaştırma puanı ile pozitif, öfke toplam puanı ve hayranlık toplam puanı ile negatif ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca öfkenin, özellikle de varlıklı akranların “maddi tüketim imkânları”na sahip olduğu için duyulan öfkenin, ekonomik sistemi meşrulaştırma ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiği ortaya konulmuştur. Bununla birlikte, hayranlığın toplam puanın ve özellikle “maddi tüketim imkânları” ve “kişilerarası ilişkiler” boyutları alanındaki hayranlığın, iyi oluş ile negatif ilişkisi bulunsa da sistemi meşrulaştırma ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkisi bulunmamıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, düşük SES’deki ergenlerin psikolojik iyi oluşlarını anlamada, varlıklı akranlarla ilgili öfke ve hayranlık duygularının ve ekonomik sisteme meşruiyet atfetmeye yönelik eğilimlerinin rolünü de göz önünde bulundurmanın önemine işaret etmektedir.

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  • Pliskin, R., Ruhrman, A., & Halperin, E. (2020). Proposing a multi-dimensional, context-sensitive approach to the study of ideological (a) symmetry in emotion. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 34, 75-80.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.01.005
  • Pollard, E. L. ve Lee, P. D. (2003). Child well-being: A systematic review of the literature. Social Indicators Research, 61, 59-78. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021284215801
  • Rankin, L. E., Jost, J. T. ve Wakslak, C. J. (2009). System justification and the meaning of life: Are the existential benefits of ideology distributed unequally across racial groups? Social Justice Research, 22, 312-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-009-0100-9
  • Resnick, M. D. (2000). Protective factors, resiliency, and healthy youth development. Adolescent medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 11, 157-164.
  • Roman, N. V., Davids, E. L., Moyo, A., Schilder, L., Lacante, M. ve Lens, W. (2015). Parenting styles and psychological needs influences on adolescent life goals and aspirations in a South African setting. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 25, 305-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2015.1078087.
  • Romeo, R. D. ve McEwen, B. S. (2006). Stress and the adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094, 202-214. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1376.022
  • Ross, C. E. (2000). Neighborhood disadvantage and adult depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior (41)2, 177-187. https://doi.org/10.2307/2676304
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069-1081. https://doi.org/0022-3514/89/SOO.75
  • Santiago, C. D., Kaltman, S. ve Miranda, J. (2013). Poverty and mental health: How do low‐income adults and children fare in psychotherapy? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69, 115-126. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21951
  • Schieman, S. (2003). Socioeconomic status and the frequency of anger across the life course. Sociological Perspectives, 46, 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1525/sop.2003.46.2.207
  • Schindler, I. (2014). Relations of admiration and adoration with other emotions and well-being. Psychology of Well-being, 4(14), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13612-014-0014-7
  • Schindler, I., Zink, V., Windrich, J. ve Menninghaus, W. (2013). Admiration and adoration: Their different ways of showing and shaping who we are. Cognition and Emotion, 27, 85-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2012.698253
  • Segrin, C. ve Taylor, M. (2007). Positive interpersonal relationships mediate the association between social skills and psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(4), 637–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.017
  • Sen, A. (2008). Violence, identity, and poverty. Journal of Peace Research, 45, 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343307084920
  • Shek, D. T. (1998). A longitudinal study of the relations between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent psychological well-being. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 159, 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221329809596134
  • Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L. ve Morris, A. S. (2003). Adolescents' emotion regulation in daily life: Links to depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Child Development, 74, 1869-1880. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-8624.2003.00643.x
  • Smith, L. (2005). Psychotherapy, classism, and the poor: Conspicuous by their absence. American Psychologist, 60, 687-696. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.7.687
  • Smith, E. R., Seger, C. R. ve Mackie, D. M. (2007). Can emotions be truly group level? Evidence regarding four conceptual criteria. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 431-446.
  • Snowden, L. R. ve Thomas, K. (2000). Medicaid and African American outpatient mental health treatment. Mental Health Services Research, 2, 115-120. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010161222515
  • Snyder, C. R. (1995). Conceptualizing, measuring, and nurturing hope. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 355–360. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01764.x
  • Solak, N. (2008). Yoksulluğun ve yoksullara ilişkin değerlendirmelerin sistemin meşrulaştırılması kuramından hareketle incelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Izmir.
  • Solak, N., Jost, J. T., Sümer, N. ve Clore, G. L. (2012). Rage against the machine: The case for system‐level emotions. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6, 674-690. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00456.x
  • Spear, L. P. (2000). The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 417-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00014-2
  • Stapley, J., ve Haviland, J. M. (1989). Beyond depression: Gender differences in normal adolescents’ emotional experiences. Sex Roles, 20, 295–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00287726
  • Steinberg, L. (2005). Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.005
  • Sweetman, J., Spears, R., Livingstone, A. G. ve Manstead, A. S. (2013). Admiration regulates social hierarchy: Antecedents, dispositions, and effects on intergroup behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 534-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.10.007
  • Tamir, M. (2016). Why do people regulate their emotions? A taxonomy of motives in emotion regulation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 20, 199-222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868315586325
  • Tamir, M., Schwartz, S. H., Cieciuch, J., Riediger, M., Torres, C., Scollon, C., Dzokoto, V., Zhou, X. ve Vishkin, A. (2016). Desired emotions across cultures: A value-based account. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111, 67-82. https://doi.org/ 0.1037/pspp0000072
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  • Telef, B. B. (2013). Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(28-3), 374-384.
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  • Van de Ven, N. (2017). Envy and admiration: Emotion and motivation following upward social comparison. Cognition and Emotion, 31, 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2015.1087972
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  • Van Zomeren, M., Spears, R., Fischer, A. H. ve Leach, C. W. (2004). Put your money where your mouth is! Explaining collective action tendencies through group-based anger and group efficacy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 649-664. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.649
  • Vargas-Salfate, S., Paez, D., Khan, S. S., Liu, J. H., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2018). System justification enhances well-being: A longitudinal analysis of the palliative function of system justification in 18 countries. British Journal of Social Psychology, 57, 567–590. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12254
  • von Salisch, M. ve Vogelgesang, J. (2005). Anger regulation among friends: Assessment and development from childhood to adolescence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 837-855. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407505058702
  • Wadsworth, M. E. ve Berger, L. E. (2006). Adolescents coping with poverty-related family stress: Prospective predictors of coping and psychological symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-9022-5
  • Walker, R., Kyomuhendo, G. B., Chase, E., Choudhry, S., Gubrium, E. K., Nicola, J., Lodemel, I., Mathew, L., Mwiine, A.,
  • Pellisery, S. ve Ming, Y. (2013). Poverty in global perspective: Is shame a common denominator? Journal of Social Policy, 42, 215-233.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279412000979
  • Yaldız, A. H., Solak, N. ve Ikizer, G. (2021). Negative emotions in siblings of individuals with developmental disabilities: The roles of early maladaptive schemas and system justification. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 117, 104046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104046
  • Yeager, D. S. (2017). Social and emotional learning programs for adolescents. The Future of Children, 73-94. https://doi.org/10.2307/44219022
Toplam 128 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ecem Altop 0000-0001-5726-6393

Nevin Solak 0000-0002-8391-9172

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ekim 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Mayıs 2020
Kabul Tarihi 13 Temmuz 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Altop, E., & Solak, N. (2021). Düşük Sosyo-Ekonomik Statüdeki Ergenlerde Psikolojik İyi Oluş: Sistemi Meşrulaştırıcı İnançların, Öfke ve Hayranlık Duygularının Rolü. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 8(3), 444-488. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.743651