Effect of Cadmium and Salt Stress on Cadmium Accumulation and Mineral Nutrients in Some Malting Barley Varieties

Yıl 2023, , 251 - 258, 31.12.2023

Onur Burkan , Faruk Ozkutlu

https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.1356415

Öz

Objective: The effects of -NaCl and +NaCl (3000 mg kg-1) salt application on Cd and mineral nutrients of 8 malting barley cultivars on soils contaminated with 5 and 10 mg kg-1 Cd were investigated in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions.
Materials and Methods: As soil material in the experiment, the soil taken from 0-20 cm depth from Ordu University Application Land was sieved through a 4 mm sieve and 1.65 kg soil was filled into the pots. Two-row malting varieties (Aydan Hanım, Edirne Trakya Sladoran, Kaya, Şerife Hanım, Tarım92, Trakya Bolayır, Yerçil and Zeynel Ağa) which are widely used in barley cultivation were used as plant material. In the experiment, the effects of -NaCl (0) and +NaCl (3000 mg kg-1) salt application on Cd and mineral nutrients in Cd5 and Cd10 ppm contaminated soils were investigated. Dry weights of shoot, cadmium (Cd), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) concentrations were measured by ICP-OES device.
Results: It was determined that under the conditions of cadmium and NaCl stress, the dry weights of barley varieties decreased by 70% at the highest and in addition to this, Cd concentrations increased 3.2 fold. In addition to these, it was determined that Cd and NaCl stress decreased the potassium and iron concentrations of the plants while increasing the calcium and sulfur concentrations.
Conclusion: It was determined that there were decreases in the yield and quality of barley varieties compared to the control when both stresses were combined. It was also determined that there were changes in the mineral nutrition of the plants under these two stress conditions. It was concluded that it is necessary to obtain varieties resistant to both stresses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Heavy metal stress, Malting barley, Cadmium pollution, Salt, Salinity stress

Kadmiyum ile Tuz Stresinin Bazı Maltlık Arpa Çeşitlerinde Kadmiyum Birikimi ve Mineral Besin Maddeleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Sera koşullarında saksı denemesi şeklinde 8 maltlık arpa çeşitlerinin 5 ve 10 mg kg-1 ile kirlilik oluşturulan topraklara -NaCl ve +NaCl (3000 mg kg-1) tuz uygulamasının Cd ve mineral besin elementleri üzerine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Bitki materyali olarak; arpa yetiştiriciliğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan iki sıralı özellikte maltlık olan (Aydan Hanım, Edirne Trakya Sladoran, Kaya, Şerife Hanım, Tarım92, Trakya Bolayır, Yerçil ve Zeynel Ağa) çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Denemede üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüş, Cd5 ve Cd10 mg kg-1 düzeyinde kirlilik oluşturulmuş topraklara -NaCl ve +NaCl (3000 mg kg-1) tuz uygulamasının Cd ve mineral besin elementleri üzerine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Hasat edilen bitkilerde yeşil aksam kuru ağırlıkları, kadmiyum (Cd), fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), kükürt (S), demir (Fe), bakır (Cu), mangan (Mn), çinko (Zn) konsantrasyonları ICP-OES cihazıyla ölçülmüştür.
Araştırma Bulguları: Kadmiyum ve NaCl stresinin birlikte olduğu koşullarda arpa çeşitlerinin kuru ağırlıklarında en yüksek %70 oranında düşüşlerin olduğu ve buna ilaveten de Cd konstrasyonlarında 3.2 kat artış oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan başka Cd ve NaCl stresinde özellikle bitkilerin potasyum ve demir konsantrasyonlarında azalma olur iken kalsiyum ve kükürt yönünden artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Her iki stresin birlikte olduğu durumlarda kontrolle kıyaslandığında arpa çeşitlerinin verim ve kalitesinde azalmaların olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu iki stres koşullarında bitkilerin mineral beslenmelerinde de değişimlerin olduğu saptanmıştır. Her iki strese dayanıklı olan çeşitlerin elde edilmesinin gerekli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağır metal stresi, Maltlık arpa, Kadmiyum kirliliği, Tuz stresi

Kaynakça

• Afzal, I., Rauf, S., Basra, S. M. A., & Murtaza, G. (2008). Halopriming improves vigor, metabolism of reserves and ionic contents in wheat seedlings under salt stress. Plant Soil Environ, 54(9), 382-388.
• Akgül, S., Aydemir, Ö. E., & Özkutlu, F. (2022). Gidya uygulamalarının ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğdayların kadmiyum ve besin elementi alımı üzerine etkisi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 11(2), 353-362.
• Apse, M. P., & Blumwald, E. (2002). Engineering salt tolerance in plants. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 13(2), 146-150.
• Aydemir, Ö. E., Korkmaz, K., & Özkutlu, F. (2022). The effect of foliar application of different amino acids (l-histidine, methionine) on cadmium and zinc uptake of wheat. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 10(8), 1482-1485.
• Bağcı, S. A., Ekiz, H., & Yilmaz, A. (2003). Determination of the salt tolerance of some barley genotypes and the characteristics affecting tolerance. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 27(5), 253-260.
• Black, A., McLaren, R. G., Speir, T. W., Clucas, L., & Condron, L. M. (2014). Gradient differences in soil metal solubility and uptake by shoots and roots of wheat (T. aestivum). Biology and fertility of soils, 50, 685-694.
• Dahlin, A. S., Eriksson, J., Campbell, C. D., & Öborn, I. (2016). Soil amendment affects Cd uptake by wheat—are we underestimating the risks from chloride inputs?. Science of the Total Environment, 554, 349-357.
• Dai, X. P., Feng, L., Ma, X. W., & Zhang, Y. M. (2012). Concentration level of heavy metals in wheat grains and the health risk assessment to local inhabitants from Baiyin, Gansu, China. Advanced Materials Research, 518, 951-956.
• Dheri, G. S., Singh Brar, M., & Malhi, S. S. (2007). Influence of phosphorus application on growth and cadmium uptake of spinach in two cadmium‐contaminated soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 170(4), 495-499.
• Dinler, B. S., Cetinkaya, H., Akgun, M., & Korkmaz, K. (2021). Simultaneous treatment of different gibberellic acid doses induces ion accumulation and response mechanisms to salt damage in maize roots. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, 9, 258.
• Ece, D., Aydemir, Ö. E., & Özkutlu, F. (2022). The effect of ca-bentonite aplication on cadmium uptake and shoot dry matter of bread wheat. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, 11(4), 50-54.
• Ekbic, E., Cagıran, C., Korkmaz, K., Kose, M. A., & Aras, V. (2017). Assessment of watermelon accessions for salt tolerance using stress tolerance indices. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 41, 616-625.
• Efe, E., Bek, Y., & Şahin, M. (2000). İstatistik Yöntemler II. Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Unv., Bilgisayar Arastırma ve Uygulama Merkezi, Publication, (10).
• Grant, C. A., & Bailey, L. D. (1997). Effects of phosphorus and zinc fertiliser management on cadmium accumulation in flaxseed. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 73(3), 307-314.
• Guo, G., Wu, F., Xie, F., & Zhang, R. (2012). Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in urban soils from southwest China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 24(3), 410-418.
• Habiba, U., Ali, S., Farid, M., Shakoor, M. B., Rizwan, M., Ibrahim, M., ... & Ali, B. (2015). EDTA enhanced plant growth, antioxidant defense system, and phytoextraction of copper by Brassica napus L. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 1534-1544.
• Jafarnejadi, A. R., Homaee, M., Sayyad, G., & Bybordi, M. (2011). Large scale spatial variability of accumulated cadmium in the wheat farm grains. Soil and Sediment Contamination, 20(1), 98-113.
• Korkmaz, K., Kara, S. M., Ozkutlu, F., & Gul, V. (2010). Monitoring of heavy metals and selected micronutrients in hempseeds from North-western Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(6), 463-467.
• Korkmaz, K., Kara, S. M., Özkutlu, F., Akgün, M., & Cenkal, B. C. (2017). Profile of heavy metal and nutrient elements in some sideritis species. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(3), 209-212.
• Korkmaz, K., Ertürk, Ö., Ayvaz, M. Ç., Özcan, M. M., Akgün, M., Kirli, A., & Alver, D. O. (2018). Effect of cadmium application on antimicrobial, antioxidant and total phenolic content of basil genotypes. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 52(4), S108-S114.
• Korkmaz, K., Akgün, M., Kırlı, A., Özcan, M. M., Dede, Ö., & Kara, Ş. M. (2020). Giberellik Asit ve Salisilik Asit Uygulamalarının Tuz Stresi Altında Yetiştirilen Kolzanın (Brassica napus L.) Bazı Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8(4), 873-881.
• Lawlor, D. W., Day, W., Johnston, A. E., Legg, B. J., & Parkinson, K. J. (1981). Growth of spring barley under drought: crop development, photosynthesis, dry-matter accumulation and nutrient content. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 96(1), 167-186.
• Liu, F., Zhang, Q., Tong, D., Zheng, B., Li, M., Huo, H., & He, K. B. (2015). High-resolution inventory of technologies, activities, and emissions of coal-fired power plants in China from 1990 to 2010. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(23), 13299-13317.
• McLaughlin, M. J., Whatmuff, M., Warne, M., Heemsbergen, D., Barry, G., Bell, M., Nash, D, & Pritchard, D. (2006). A field investigation of solubility and food chain accumulation of biosolid-cadmium across diverse soil types. Environmental Chemistry, 3(6), 428-432.
• Mer, R. K., Prajith, P. K., H. Pandya, D., & Pandey, A. N. (2000). Effect of salts on germination of seeds and growth of young plants of Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Cicer arietinum and Brassica juncea. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 185(4), 209-217.
• Osawa, M., Tong, K. I., Lilliehook, C., Wasco, W., Buxbaum, J. D., Cheng, H. Y. M., Penninger, J. M., İkura, M, & Ames, J. B. (2001). Calcium-regulated DNA binding and oligomerization of the neuronal calcium-sensing protein, calsenilin/DREAM/KChIP3. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(44), 41005-41013.
• Özkutlu, F., Kara, Ş. M., & Şekeroğlu, N. (2007). Determination of mineral and trace elements in some spices cultivated in Turkey. In International Symposium on Medicinal and Nutraceutical Plants 756 (pp. 321-328).
• Özkutlu, F., Turan, M., Korkmaz, K. ve Huang, Y. M. 2009. Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in the Soils and Hazelnut Plant (Corylus avellena L.) from Black Sea Coastal Region of Turkey. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 21(6), 4371-4388.
• Özkutlu, F., & Kara, Ş. M. (2018). The effect of zinc (Zn) fertilization on alleviating cd accumulation in durum wheat grain. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B, 8(2018), 203-208.
• Özkutlu, F. & Kara, Ş.M. (2019). Cd concentration of durum wheat grain as influenced by soil salinity. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 8(1), 97-100.
• Rizwan, M., Ali, S., Rizvi, H., Rinklebe, J., Tsang, D. C., Meers, E., Ok, Y. S., & Ishaque, W. (2016). Phytomanagement of heavy metals in contaminated soils using sunflower: a review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 46(18), 1498-1528.
• Ryan, J. A., Pahren, H. R., & Lucas, J. B. (1982). Controlling cadmium in the human food chain: a review and rationale based on health effects. Environmental Research, 28(2), 251-302.
• Schachtman, D., & Liu, W. (1999). Molecular pieces to the puzzle of the interaction between potassium and sodium uptake in plants. Trends in plant science, 4(7), 281-287.
• Shafi, M., Bakht, J., Hassan, M. J., Raziuddin, M., & Zhang, G. (2009). Effect of cadmium and salinity stresses on growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 82, 772-776.
• Uyanık, M., Kara, Ș. M., & Korkmaz, K. (2014). Determination of responses of some winter canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars to salt stress at germination period. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(4), 368-375.
• Verkleij, J. A., Golan-Goldhirsh, A., Antosiewisz, D. M., Schwitzguébel, J. P., & Schröder, P. (2009). Dualities in plant tolerance to pollutants and their uptake and translocation to the upper plant parts. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 67(1), 10-22.
• Yang, X. E., Long, X. X., Ye, H. B., He, Z. L., Calvert, D. V., & Stoffella, P. J. (2004). Cadmium tolerance and hyperaccumulation in a new Zn-hyperaccumulating plant species (Sedum alfredii Hance). Plant and soil, 259, 181-189.