Effect of Cadmium and Salt Stress on Cadmium Accumulation and Mineral Nutrients in Some Malting Barley Varieties

Abstract

Objective: The effects of -NaCl and +NaCl (3000 mg kg-1) salt application on Cd and mineral nutrients of 8 malting barley cultivars on soils contaminated with 5 and 10 mg kg-1 Cd were investigated in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions. Materials and Methods: As soil material in the experiment, the soil taken from 0-20 cm depth from Ordu University Application Land was sieved through a 4 mm sieve and 1.65 kg soil was filled into the pots. Two-row malting varieties (Aydan Hanım, Edirne Trakya Sladoran, Kaya, Şerife Hanım, Tarım92, Trakya Bolayır, Yerçil and Zeynel Ağa) which are widely used in barley cultivation were used as plant material. In the experiment, the effects of -NaCl (0) and +NaCl (3000 mg kg-1) salt application on Cd and mineral nutrients in Cd5 and Cd10 ppm contaminated soils were investigated. Dry weights of shoot, cadmium (Cd), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) concentrations were measured by ICP-OES device. Results: It was determined that under the conditions of cadmium and NaCl stress, the dry weights of barley varieties decreased by 70% at the highest and in addition to this, Cd concentrations increased 3.2 fold. In addition to these, it was determined that Cd and NaCl stress decreased the potassium and iron concentrations of the plants while increasing the calcium and sulfur concentrations. Conclusion: It was determined that there were decreases in the yield and quality of barley varieties compared to the control when both stresses were combined. It was also determined that there were changes in the mineral nutrition of the plants under these two stress conditions. It was concluded that it is necessary to obtain varieties resistant to both stresses.

Keywords

• Heavy metal stress
• Malting barley
• Cadmium pollution
• Salt
• Salinity stress

Kadmiyum ile Tuz Stresinin Bazı Maltlık Arpa Çeşitlerinde Kadmiyum Birikimi ve Mineral Besin Maddeleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Sera koşullarında saksı denemesi şeklinde 8 maltlık arpa çeşitlerinin 5 ve 10 mg kg-1 ile kirlilik oluşturulan topraklara -NaCl ve +NaCl (3000 mg kg-1) tuz uygulamasının Cd ve mineral besin elementleri üzerine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Materyal ve Yöntem: Bitki materyali olarak; arpa yetiştiriciliğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan iki sıralı özellikte maltlık olan (Aydan Hanım, Edirne Trakya Sladoran, Kaya, Şerife Hanım, Tarım92, Trakya Bolayır, Yerçil ve Zeynel Ağa) çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Denemede üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüş, Cd5 ve Cd10 mg kg-1 düzeyinde kirlilik oluşturulmuş topraklara -NaCl ve +NaCl (3000 mg kg-1) tuz uygulamasının Cd ve mineral besin elementleri üzerine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Hasat edilen bitkilerde yeşil aksam kuru ağırlıkları, kadmiyum (Cd), fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), kükürt (S), demir (Fe), bakır (Cu), mangan (Mn), çinko (Zn) konsantrasyonları ICP-OES cihazıyla ölçülmüştür. Araştırma Bulguları: Kadmiyum ve NaCl stresinin birlikte olduğu koşullarda arpa çeşitlerinin kuru ağırlıklarında en yüksek %70 oranında düşüşlerin olduğu ve buna ilaveten de Cd konstrasyonlarında 3.2 kat artış oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan başka Cd ve NaCl stresinde özellikle bitkilerin potasyum ve demir konsantrasyonlarında azalma olur iken kalsiyum ve kükürt yönünden artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Her iki stresin birlikte olduğu durumlarda kontrolle kıyaslandığında arpa çeşitlerinin verim ve kalitesinde azalmaların olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu iki stres koşullarında bitkilerin mineral beslenmelerinde de değişimlerin olduğu saptanmıştır. Her iki strese dayanıklı olan çeşitlerin elde edilmesinin gerekli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ağır metal stresi
• Maltlık arpa
• Kadmiyum kirliliği
• Tuz stresi

Kaynakça

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