Effect of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Leaf and Seed Extracts Prepared Using Different Solvents on Root-Knot Nematode

Abstract

Objective: The nematicidal effect of milk thistle leaves and seeds prepared with different solvents on Meloidogyne incognita was investigated. Materials and Methods: Acetone, ethanol and distilled water were used. The in vitro was carried out in 6 cm petri dishes. The extractions were studied with 500 and 1000 μg/ml (ppm). The in vitro and pot experiments designed random plots with 5 replications for each extraction, solvent and concentration. Four hundred second stage juvenile larvae (J2) were used as inoculum and dead individuals were counted after 48 hours. Five days after transplantation, nematode inoculation was carried out with 500 J2 per pot. After 24 hours, 30 ml of the solution was applied to the soil at 1000 ppm concentration. The experiment was terminated for 50 days. Then, gall and egg mass counts were made. Results: In vitro, the mortality rate at 1000 ppm was found to be similar in acetone (78.0%) and ethanol (80.8%) solvents in leaf extraction, while the highest was detected in ethanol (94.0%) in the seed extract. In distilled water solvent, 68.0% mortality was determined in the leaf extract and 62.2% mortality in the seed extract. There was no statistically significant difference between the leaf and seed extracts in number of galls and egg masses. No statistical difference could be determined between the solvents in the number of egg masses in seed extraction. While the number of galls in the leaf extract was found to be higher than in acetone (8.8 unit/root) and ethanol (8.0 unit/root) in distilled water (18.0 unit/root) and the difference between them was found to be significant, no statistically significant difference in the number of egg mass between the solvents. Conclusion: It was observed that all solvents of the leaf and seed extract suppressed galls and egg masses by more than 80% compared to the control.

Keywords

• Milk thistle
• root knot nematode
• herbal extract
• Asteraceae
• nematicidal effect

Farklı Çözücüler Kullanılarak hazırlanan Silybum Marianum Yaprak ve Tohum Ekstraktlarının Kök ur Nematoduna Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Farklı çözücülerle hazırlanan deve dikeni yaprakları ve tohumlarının ekstraktlarının Meloidogyne incognita üzerindeki nematisit etkisi araştırılmıştır. Materyal ve Yöntem: Aseton, etanol ve damıtılmış su kullanılmıştır. İn vitro çalışmalar 6 cm'lik petri kaplarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ekstraksiyonlar 500 ve 1000 μg/ml (ppm) ile çalışılmıştır. İn vitro ve saksı denemeleri, her ekstraksiyon, çözücü ve konsantrasyon için 5 tekrarlı rastgele parsellere göre tasarlanmıştır. İnokulum olarak 400 ikinci dönem larva (L2) kullanılmış ve 48 saat sonra ölü bireyler sayılmıştır. Dikimden beş gün sonra saksı başına 500 L2 ile nematod inokulasyonu yapılmıştır. 24 saat sonra 1000 ppm konsantrasyonda 30 ml çözelti toprağa uygulanmıştır. Deneme 50 gün sonra sonlandırılmıştır. Daha sonra gal ve yumurta paketi sayımları yapılmıştır. Araştırma Bulguları: İn vitro da yaprak ekstraksiyonunda 1000 ppm'deki ölüm oranı aseton (%78.0) ve etanol (%80.8) çözücülerinde benzer bulunurken, en yüksek ölüm oranı tohum ekstraktında etanolde (%94.0) tespit edilmiştir. Distile su çözücüsünde yaprak ekstraktında %68.0, tohum ekstraktında ise %62.2 ölüm oranı belirlenmiştir. Yaprak ve tohum ekstraktları arasında gal sayısı ve yumurta paketi açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Tohum ekstraksiyonunda yumurta paketi sayısı açısından çözücüler arasında istatistiksel olarak bir fark tespit edilememiştir. Yaprak ekstraktındaki gal sayısının, distile suda (18.0 birim/kök) aseton (8.8 birim/kök) ve etanolden (8.0 birim/kök) daha yüksek olduğu ve aralarındaki farkın anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çözücüler arasında yumurta paketi sayısı açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktur. Sonuç: Yaprak ve tohum ekstraktındaki tüm çözücülerin gal ve yumurta paketlerini kontrole göre %80'den fazla baskıladığı gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asteraceae
• devedikeni
• kök ur nematodu
• bitkisel ekstrakt
• nematisidal etki

Kaynakça

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