Comparative Analysis of Total Phenolic, Antioxidant Activity and Nutrient Element Composition of Fruits and Fruit Stalks of Crataegus spp. grown in Denizli (Türkiye)

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate the fruit and fruit stalks of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. and Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC collected from the Denizli/Türkiye region in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, and macro and micro element compositions. Material and Methods: Fruit and fruit stalk samples of C. monogyna and C. laevigata species were utilized. Methanolic extracts were derived from dried samples, and TPC (Folin-Ciocalteu method) and DPPH antioxidant activity were determined spectrophotometrically. Macro (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na) and micro (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B) element concentrations were analyzed using an ICP-AES device. The obtained data were statistically evaluated by two-way analysis of variance and Box Plot analysis. Results: The results indicated statistically significant differences (p<0.05) for most of the investigated parameters both between hawthorn species and between plant parts (fruit and stalk). Furthermore, significant interactions were detected between species and plant part. It was determined that TPC and DPPH activity were higher in fruit stalks compared to fruits. The highest TPC was measured in C. monogyna stalks (31.50 mg GAE/g DW), while the highest DPPH activity was observed in C. laevigata stalks (385.01 µmol TE/g DW). Macro and micro element contents also significantly varied depending on the species and plant part; P, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn were generally found in higher concentrations in fruit stalks, whereas K content reached its highest value in C. laevigata fruit. Conclusion: This study revealed that the fruits and particularly the fruit stalks of C. monogyna and C. laevigata are rich sources of bioactive compounds and minerals. Diversity among species and plant parts can be used to assess the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential of these species and can also be taken into account in breeding programs aimed at developing new hawthorn cultivars with targeted traits.

Keywords

• Crataegus monogyna
• Crataegus laevigata
• Hawthorn
• Macroelements
• Microelements
• Bioactive compounds

Denizli (Türkiye)’de Yetişen Crataegus spp. Türlenine ait Meyve ve Meyve Saplarının Toplam Fenolik, Antioksidan Aktivite ve Besin Element Kompozisyonunun Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Denizli ilinden toplanan Crataegus monogyna Jacq. ve Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) alıç türlerinin meyve ve meyve saplarının toplam fenolik (TPC), DPPH radikal süpürme aktivitesi ve makro-mikro element kompozisyonları açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesidir. Materyal ve Metot: C. monogyna ve C. laevigata türlerine ait meyve ve meyve sapı örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Kurutulmuş örneklerden metanol özütleri hazırlanarak TPC (Folin-Ciocalteu metodu) ve DPPH antioksidan aktivitesi spektrofotometrik olarak belirlenmiştir. Makro (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na) ve mikro (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B) element konsantrasyonları ise ICP-AES cihazı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, iki yönlü varyans analizi ve Box Plot analizi ile istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Sonuçları incelenen çoğu parametre için hem alıç türleri arasında hem de meyve ve sap arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklar (p<0.05) tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, tür ve bitki kısmı arasında önemli etkileşimler saptanmıştır. TPC ve DPPH aktivitenin, meyvelere kıyasla meyve saplarında daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek TPC C. monogyna sapında (31.50 mg GAE/g KM), en yüksek DPPH aktivitesi ise C. laevigata sapında (385.01 µmol TE/g KM) ölçülmüştür. Makro ve mikro element içerikleri de tür ve bitki kısmına göre önemli farklılıklar göstermiş; P, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn ve Zn genellikle meyve saplarında daha yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bulunurken, K içeriği C. laevigata meyvesinde en yüksek değere ulaşmıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, C. monogyna ve C. laevigata türlerinin meyve ve özellikle meyve saplarının zengin bir biyoaktif bileşik ve mineral kaynağı olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Türler ve bitki kısımları arasındaki belirgin kimyasal çeşitlilik, bu türlerin besin ve ilaç potansiyellerinin değerlendirilmesinde ve hedeflenen özelliklere sahip yeni alıç çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik ıslah programlarında dikkate alınması gerektiği ifade edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Crataegus monogyna
• Crataegus laevigata
• Makro elementler
• Mikro elementler
• Biyoaktif bileşikler

Kaynakça

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