Relatives of Turkish: The Altaic Languages Theory and Genes

Öz

When Charles Darwin claimed that there could be a connection between linguistic dissemination and human kinship, the science of genetics did not exist. Genetic research has provided the opportunity to scientifically examine this claim. Studies on the parallelism between language and genes are progressing rapidly. Research on the overlap between language and genes largely confirms Darwin’s assertions. However, there are also examples with a significant lack of overlap. In this study, I evaluate genetic research on Altaic languages, especially Turkish. Recent studies show that speakers of the Turkish language are genetically close to their neighbours. Studies related to the Altaic language theory also highlight a relationship of proximity. Nevertheless, there are studies reporting a genetic connection among speakers of Altaic languages. The Altaic language theory, which progresses based on language features like basic words and inflections, is also expanding with insights from archaeology and genetics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turkish
• genetics
• language family
• Altaic languages theory
• languages and genes.

Türkçenin Akrabaları: Altay Dilleri Teorisi ve Genler

Öz

Charles Darwin dillerin yayılımı ile insanların akrabalıkları arasında bir bağ olabileceğini iddia ettiğinde genetik diye bir bilim yoktu. Genetik araştırmaları bu iddiayı bilimsel olarak inceleme imkânı verdi. Dil ve gen paralelliği ile ilgili araştırmalar dikkat çekici bir hızla ilerlemektedir. Dil ve gen örtüşmesiyle ilgili çalışmalar büyük oranda Darwin’i doğrulamaktadır. Bununla birlikte azımsanmayacak sayıda örtüşme bulunmayan örnekler de vardır. Bu çalışmada Altay dilleri ve özellikle de Türkçe ile ilgili gen araştırmalarını değerlendiriyorum. Son araştırmalar Türk dili konuşurlarının genetik olarak komşularına yakın olduğunu göstermektedir. Altay dilleri teorisi ile ilgili çalışmalarda da komşuluk ilişkisi öne çıkmaktadır. Ancak Altay dillerini konuşanlar arasında genetik bir bağ olduğunu raporlayan araştırmalar bulunmaktadır. Temel sözcükler, çekim ögeleri gibi dil özellikleri üzerinden ilerleyen Altay dilleri teorisi arkeoloji ve genetikten gelen bilgilerle de genişleme eğilimdedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Türkçe
• genetik
• dil ailesi
• Altay dilleri teorisi
• diller ve genler.

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