Araştırma Makalesi
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Interdisciplinary Articulation, and Conceptions of Learning: A Reading of the Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Model and the Harezmi Eğitim Model

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 115 - 142, 30.12.2025

Öz

This study offers a comprehensive theoretical and pedagogical reading of interdisciplinary thinking by focusing on the ways knowledge is organized and learning is structurally shaped in contemporary education. In the first part of the study, disciplinary organization is examined as a historically dominant framework that has structured curriculum design, knowledge production, and teaching practices. This discussion highlights the epistemological and institutional limits of strictly discipline-based learning environments, particularly in addressing complex, multi-dimensional educational and social problems. Within this framework, different forms of interdisciplinarity are systematically distinguished in order to demonstrate that interdisciplinary learning cannot be reduced to simple connections between subjects or parallel content arrangements. Building on this conceptual foundation, the study examines interdisciplinary learning in relation to cognitive production, integrative thinking, evaluation practices, and pedagogical design. Learning is approached not as a process of content transmission but as a structured engagement with problem definition, meaning-making, and the integration of diverse epistemic resources. This theoretical progression provides the basis for a deliberate transition to the national educational context. In this section, the Harezmi Education Model and the Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Model are analyzed as structurally grounded frameworks that operationalize interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary principles at the level of curriculum architecture and learning design. Rather than treating these models as isolated policy initiatives, the study interprets them as coherent educational paradigms that redefine the relationship between disciplines, learning processes, and cognitive development. The main purpose of the study is to demonstrate that both models represent a systematic reorganization of learning grounded in interdisciplinary thinking, while remaining responsive to national, cultural, and educational contexts. In this respect, the study positions the Harezmi Education Model and the Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Model as original and analytically significant contributions that connect national educational practices with broader international discussions on learning, knowledge, and curriculum design.

Kaynakça

  • Aldrich, H. E. (2014). The democratization of entrepreneurship? Hackers, makerspaces, and crowdfunding. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014(1), 1-6.
  • Anderson, R. S., ve Speck, B. W. (1998). Changing the way we grade student performance: Classroom assessment and the new learning paradigm. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Becher, T., ve Trowler, P. R. (2001). Academic tribes and territories: Intellectual enquiry and the culture of disciplines (2nd ed.). Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
  • Boix Mansilla, V. (2010). Learning to synthesize: The development of interdisciplinary understanding. In R. Frodeman, J. T. Klein, ve C. Mitcham (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of interdisciplinarity (pp. 288-306). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Boix Mansilla, V., ve Duraisingh, E. D. (2007). Targeted assessment of students’ interdisciplinary work: An empirically grounded framework proposed. The Journal of Higher Education, 78(2), 215-237.
  • Boix Mansilla, V., Miller, W. C., ve Gardner, H. (2009). On disciplinary lenses and interdisciplinary work. In S. Wineburg ve P. Grossman (Eds.), Interdisciplinary curriculum: Challenges to implementation (pp. 17-38). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
  • Borrego, M., ve Newswander, L. K. (2010). Definitions of interdisciplinary research: Toward graduate-level interdisciplinary learning outcomes. The Review of Higher Education, 34(1), 61-84.
  • Campbell, D. T. (1969). Ethnocentrism of disciplines and the fish-scale model of omniscience. In M. Sherif ve C. W. Sherif (Eds.), Interdisciplinary relationships in the social sciences (pp. 328-348). Chicago, IL: Aldine.
  • Clark, B. R. (1986). The higher education system: Academic organization in cross-national perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • De Jong, T., ve Ferguson-Hessler, M. G. M. (1996). Types and qualities of knowledge. Educational Psychologist, 31(2), 105-113.
  • Donald, J. G. (1986). Knowledge and the university curriculum. Higher Education, 15(3-4), 267-282.
  • Frank, D. J., ve Gabler, J. (2006). Reconstructing the university: Worldwide shifts in academia in the 20th century. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Full, R. J., vd. (2015). Interdisciplinary learning and problem solving. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(44), 13369-13372.
  • Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., ve Trow, M. (1994). The new production of knowledge: The dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. London, UK: Sage.
  • Halpern, D. F., ve Hakel, M. D. (2003). Applying the science of learning to the university and beyond. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 35(4), 36-41.
  • Holley, K. A. (2009). Understanding interdisciplinary challenges and opportunities in higher education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Ivanitskaya, L., Clark, D., Montgomery, G., ve Primeau, R. (2002). Interdisciplinary learning: Process and outcomes. Innovative Higher Education, 27(2), 95-111.
  • Klein, J. T. (1990). Interdisciplinarity: History, theory, and practice. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.
  • Klein, J. T. (1999). Mapping interdisciplinary studies. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities.
  • Klein, J. T. (2005). Integrative learning and interdisciplinary studies. Peer Review, 7(4), 8-10.
  • Lattuca, L. R., Voigt, L. J., ve Fath, K. Q. (2004). Does interdisciplinarity promote learning? The Review of Higher Education, 28(1), 23-48.
  • MEB-HEMk: Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı [MEB]. (2024). Harezmi Eğitim Modeli: Uygulama kılavuzu. Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı. Erişim adresi: https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/2024harezmi-kilavuz.pdf (25.12.2025, 12.02)
  • MEB-TYMM: Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı [MEB]. (2024). Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli: Öğretim programları ortak metni. Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı. Erişim adresi: https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/2024tymm-ortakmetin.pdf (25.12.2025, 17.00)
  • Murata, R. (2002). What does team teaching mean? A case study of interdisciplinary teaming. The Journal of Educational Research, 96(2), 67-77.
  • Newell, W. H. (1990). Interdisciplinary curriculum development. Issues in Integrative Studies, 8, 69-86.
  • Newell, W. H. (1994). Designing interdisciplinary courses. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 58, 35-51.
  • Newell, W. H. (2001). A theory of interdisciplinary studies. Issues in Integrative Studies, 19, 1-25.
  • Nikitina, S. (2006). Three strategies for interdisciplinary teaching: Contextualizing, conceptualizing, and problem-centering. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 38(3), 251-271.
  • Petrie, H. G. (1992). Interdisciplinary education: Are we faced with insurmountable opportunities? Review of Research in Education, 18, 299-333.
  • Repko, A. F., ve Szostak, R. (2016). Interdisciplinary research: Process and theory (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Shapiro, H., ve Dempsey, J. V. (2008). Conflict and resolution in interdisciplinary collaboration. Educational Technology Research and Development, 56(5-6), 661-678.
  • Spelt, E. J. H., Biemans, H. J. A., Tobi, H., Luning, P. A., ve Mulder, M. (2009). Teaching and learning in interdisciplinary higher education. Educational Psychology Review, 21(4), 365-378.
  • Tsui, L. (2001). Faculty attitudes and the development of students’ critical thinking. The Journal of General Education, 50(1), 1-28.

Disiplinlerarası İlişkilendirme ve Öğrenme Anlayışı: Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli ve Harezmi Eğitim Modeli Üzerine Bir Okuma

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 115 - 142, 30.12.2025

Öz

Bu çalışma çağdaş eğitim tartışmalarında giderek belirginleşen disiplinlerarası düşünme, bilginin örgütlenme biçimleri ve öğrenmenin yapısal dönüşümü ekseninde kuramsal ve pedagojik bir çözümleme sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Metnin ilk bölümünde disipliner yapılanmanın tarihsel olarak eğitim sistemlerine nasıl yön verdiği, bu yapılanmanın bilgi üretimi ve öğretim süreçleri üzerindeki etkileri ile birlikte ele alınmakta; disiplinlerarasılığın hangi kuramsal ayrımlar üzerinden tanımlanabildiği ayrıntılı biçimde tartışılmaktadır. Bu kuramsal çerçeve, disiplinlerarasılığın yalnızca dersler arası ilişkilendirme düzeyinde kavranmasının neden yetersiz kaldığını ortaya koymakta ve öğrenmenin örgütlenme mantığına ilişkin daha derin bir okuma önermektedir. Çalışmanın devamında disiplinlerarası öğrenmenin pedagojik sonuçları, bilişsel üretim süreçleri, değerlendirme yaklaşımları ve kurumsal boyutları bütüncül bir bakışla incelenmektedir. Bu bölüm; öğrenmenin içerik aktarımından çok düşünme süreçleri, problem tanımı ve anlam üretimi üzerinden yapılandığını göstermeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu kuramsal ve pedagojik arka plan oluşturulduktan sonra metin bilinçli bir geçişle ulusal eğitim bağlamına yönelmekte ve Harezmi Eğitim Modeli ile Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli ele alınmaktadır. Bu modeller, daha önce tartışılan kavramsal çerçevenin somutlaştığı yapısal tasarımlar olarak değerlendirilmekte; disiplinlerarası ve disiplinlerüstü ilişkilendirmenin program mimarisi ve uygulama düzeyinde nasıl kurucu bir ilke hâline getirildiği gösterilmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, söz konusu iki modelin yalnızca güncel uygulamalar olarak okunamayacağını, bilginin örgütlenmesi ve öğrenmenin geleceğine ilişkin güçlü bir eğitim anlayışı sunduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu yönüyle çalışma Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli ve Harezmi Eğitim Modeli’ni, ulusal bağlamdan beslenen ve evrensel eğitim tartışmalarıyla ilişki kurabilen özgün yapılar olarak konumlandırmayı hedeflemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Aldrich, H. E. (2014). The democratization of entrepreneurship? Hackers, makerspaces, and crowdfunding. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014(1), 1-6.
  • Anderson, R. S., ve Speck, B. W. (1998). Changing the way we grade student performance: Classroom assessment and the new learning paradigm. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Becher, T., ve Trowler, P. R. (2001). Academic tribes and territories: Intellectual enquiry and the culture of disciplines (2nd ed.). Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
  • Boix Mansilla, V. (2010). Learning to synthesize: The development of interdisciplinary understanding. In R. Frodeman, J. T. Klein, ve C. Mitcham (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of interdisciplinarity (pp. 288-306). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Boix Mansilla, V., ve Duraisingh, E. D. (2007). Targeted assessment of students’ interdisciplinary work: An empirically grounded framework proposed. The Journal of Higher Education, 78(2), 215-237.
  • Boix Mansilla, V., Miller, W. C., ve Gardner, H. (2009). On disciplinary lenses and interdisciplinary work. In S. Wineburg ve P. Grossman (Eds.), Interdisciplinary curriculum: Challenges to implementation (pp. 17-38). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
  • Borrego, M., ve Newswander, L. K. (2010). Definitions of interdisciplinary research: Toward graduate-level interdisciplinary learning outcomes. The Review of Higher Education, 34(1), 61-84.
  • Campbell, D. T. (1969). Ethnocentrism of disciplines and the fish-scale model of omniscience. In M. Sherif ve C. W. Sherif (Eds.), Interdisciplinary relationships in the social sciences (pp. 328-348). Chicago, IL: Aldine.
  • Clark, B. R. (1986). The higher education system: Academic organization in cross-national perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • De Jong, T., ve Ferguson-Hessler, M. G. M. (1996). Types and qualities of knowledge. Educational Psychologist, 31(2), 105-113.
  • Donald, J. G. (1986). Knowledge and the university curriculum. Higher Education, 15(3-4), 267-282.
  • Frank, D. J., ve Gabler, J. (2006). Reconstructing the university: Worldwide shifts in academia in the 20th century. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Full, R. J., vd. (2015). Interdisciplinary learning and problem solving. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(44), 13369-13372.
  • Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., ve Trow, M. (1994). The new production of knowledge: The dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. London, UK: Sage.
  • Halpern, D. F., ve Hakel, M. D. (2003). Applying the science of learning to the university and beyond. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 35(4), 36-41.
  • Holley, K. A. (2009). Understanding interdisciplinary challenges and opportunities in higher education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Ivanitskaya, L., Clark, D., Montgomery, G., ve Primeau, R. (2002). Interdisciplinary learning: Process and outcomes. Innovative Higher Education, 27(2), 95-111.
  • Klein, J. T. (1990). Interdisciplinarity: History, theory, and practice. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.
  • Klein, J. T. (1999). Mapping interdisciplinary studies. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities.
  • Klein, J. T. (2005). Integrative learning and interdisciplinary studies. Peer Review, 7(4), 8-10.
  • Lattuca, L. R., Voigt, L. J., ve Fath, K. Q. (2004). Does interdisciplinarity promote learning? The Review of Higher Education, 28(1), 23-48.
  • MEB-HEMk: Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı [MEB]. (2024). Harezmi Eğitim Modeli: Uygulama kılavuzu. Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı. Erişim adresi: https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/2024harezmi-kilavuz.pdf (25.12.2025, 12.02)
  • MEB-TYMM: Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı [MEB]. (2024). Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli: Öğretim programları ortak metni. Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı. Erişim adresi: https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/2024tymm-ortakmetin.pdf (25.12.2025, 17.00)
  • Murata, R. (2002). What does team teaching mean? A case study of interdisciplinary teaming. The Journal of Educational Research, 96(2), 67-77.
  • Newell, W. H. (1990). Interdisciplinary curriculum development. Issues in Integrative Studies, 8, 69-86.
  • Newell, W. H. (1994). Designing interdisciplinary courses. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 58, 35-51.
  • Newell, W. H. (2001). A theory of interdisciplinary studies. Issues in Integrative Studies, 19, 1-25.
  • Nikitina, S. (2006). Three strategies for interdisciplinary teaching: Contextualizing, conceptualizing, and problem-centering. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 38(3), 251-271.
  • Petrie, H. G. (1992). Interdisciplinary education: Are we faced with insurmountable opportunities? Review of Research in Education, 18, 299-333.
  • Repko, A. F., ve Szostak, R. (2016). Interdisciplinary research: Process and theory (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Shapiro, H., ve Dempsey, J. V. (2008). Conflict and resolution in interdisciplinary collaboration. Educational Technology Research and Development, 56(5-6), 661-678.
  • Spelt, E. J. H., Biemans, H. J. A., Tobi, H., Luning, P. A., ve Mulder, M. (2009). Teaching and learning in interdisciplinary higher education. Educational Psychology Review, 21(4), 365-378.
  • Tsui, L. (2001). Faculty attitudes and the development of students’ critical thinking. The Journal of General Education, 50(1), 1-28.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Alan Eğitimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Dilek Maden 0009-0003-1292-0349

Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Aralık 2025
Kabul Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Maden, D. (2025). Disiplinlerarası İlişkilendirme ve Öğrenme Anlayışı: Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli ve Harezmi Eğitim Modeli Üzerine Bir Okuma. BABUR Research, 4(2), 115-142.

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