Araştırma Makalesi
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Çin’in Küresel Jeoekonomik Vizyonu: Amaçlar ve Hedefler Bağlamında Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 55 - 77, 31.05.2024

Öz

Bu makale, Çin’in Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’ni ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alarak, bu önemli girişimin arka planını, hedeflerini ve etkilerini incelemektedir. Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi, Çin’in küresel ekonomik etkisini artırmayı amaçlayan büyük bir altyapı ve ticaret projesidir. Makalede, bu girişimin tarihsel kökenleri ve nasıl başladığına dair bilgilere yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca, girişimin temel bileşenleri olan “kuşaklar” ve “yollar” ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmaktadır. Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’nin ekonomik, siyasi ve jeopolitik etkileri de tartışılmaktadır. Bu makale, Çin’in uluslararası sahnede oynadığı büyümekte olan rolünü anlamak ve Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’nin küresel, ekonomik ve stratejik önemini vurgulamak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abid, M., & Ashfaq, A. (2015). CPEC: Challenges and opportunities for Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Vision, 16(2), 142-169.
  • Akber, A. L. I. (2015). China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Prospects and challenges for regional integeration. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 7(1), 1-15.
  • Akdağ, Z. (2019). Türkiye-Çin İlişkilerinde Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’nin Önemi . Birey ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi , 9 (1) , 65-96 . DOI: 10.20493/birtop.558276
  • “All roads lead to Beijing”, IPS Journal, https://www.ips-journal.eu/regions/asia/all-roads-lead-to-beijing-2111/, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2023).
  • “Belt And Road Inıtıatıve Map”, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2023)
  • Bian, J., Li, A., Nan, X., Lei, G., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Dataset of the mountain green cover index (SDG15. 4.2) over the economic corridors of the Belt and Road Initiative for 2010-2019. Big Earth Data, 6(1), 77-89.
  • Biswas, R. (2018). China’s Belt and Road Initiative. In: Emerging Markets Megatrends. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78123-5_6
  • Bocutoğlu E. (2017). Çin’in “Bir Kuşak-Bir Yol” Projesinin Ekonomik ve Jeopolitik Sonuçları Üzerine Düşünceler, Proceedings of the International Conference on Eurasian Economies, 265-270.
  • Brief: China Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Investment Report 2021 (2022). Green Finance & Development Center. https://greenfdc.org/brief-china-belt-and-road-initiative-bri-investment-report-2021/
  • Brunk, I. W., & Hakimi, M. (2022). Russia, Ukraine, and the future world order. American Journal of International Law, 116(4), 687-697.
  • Chan, V. C., Hui, Y. F., Hui, D., & Vafadari, K. (2023). Heritage Conservation and China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Taylor & Francis.
  • Cheng, L. K. (2016). Three questions on China’s “Belt and Road Initiative.” China Economic Review, 40, 309–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2016.07.008
  • China and Pakistan celebrate 10th anniversary of CPEC, laud benefits. (2023). Global Times. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202307/1295392.shtml
  • China overtakes Japan as world’s second-biggest economy. (14 Şubat, 2011). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-12427321
  • Chinese premier arrives in Thailand for GMS meeting[1]- Chinadaily.com.cn. (19 Aralık 2014). https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2014livisitkst/2014-12/19/content_19123648.htm.
  • Cibulka F., Ganesan N., Aiyara T., & Lim T. W., (2019), China and Southeast Asia in The Xi Jinping Era. Lexington Books.
  • Countries of the Belt and Road Initiative, (2023). Green Finance & Development Center, https://greenfdc.org/countries-of-the-belt-and-road-initiative-bri/
  • Decker V. D., (2018). The Geoeconomics Behind The Belt and Road Initiative How the Brı Is Shaping A New Geoeconomic Order, Faculteit Politieke en Sociale Wetenschapen.
  • Derruder B., (2018). Connectivity Along Overland Corridors of the Belt and Road Initivative, World Bank Group, 1-73.
  • Dunford, M. (2021). China’s Belt and Road Initiative and its Implications for Global Development. ACTA VIA SERICA, 6(1), 91–118.
  • Erol, M. S. (2004). Orta Asya’da Güvenlik Sorunları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları (HÜTAD), (1), 85-112.
  • Erol, M. S. & Koyuncu, M. C. (2022). Çin’in İnci Dizisi Stratejisi . Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi , 6 (1) , 41-66.
  • Fallon, T. (2015). The New Silk Road: Xi Jinping’s Grand Strategy for Eurasia. American Foreign Policy Interests, 37(3), 140-147. DOI: 10.1080/10803920.2015.1056682.
  • Foure, J., Benassy-Quere, A., & Fontagne, L. (2010). The world economy in 2050: a tentative picture. Paris: CEPII.
  • Full text: Constitution of Communist Party of China (14 Kasım 2012), China.org.cn. http://www.china.org.cn/china/18th_cpc_congress/2012-11/16/content_27138030.html
  • Fulton, J. (2016, November). An analysis of two corridors in China’s one belt one road initiative: China-Pakistan and China Central-West Asia. In Proceedings of International Conference on Inter-Regional Connectivity: South Asia and Central Asia (pp. 43-49).
  • Genç A., (2019), Bir Kuşak Bir Yol Projesi ve Çin, s.19-44., Bir Kuşak Bir Yol Projesi Kavramlar, Aktörler, Uygulamalar, (Der.: Serdar Yılmaz) Astana Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Gharayagh-Zandi D., (2018) “Iran’s Perspective on Europe, Iran and Turkey Triangular Interdependencies: Based on BRI Initiative”, International Symposium on China’s West Asian Strategies and Belt and Road Initiative-BRI, Ankara.
  • Gökten, K. (2019). Çin-Pakistan Ekonomik Koridoru ve Yeni Güney Asya Jeopolitiği. Fiscaoeconomia, 3(1), 160.
  • Haq, R., & Farooq, N. (2016, 13-15 Aralık). Impact of CPEC on Social Welfare in Pakistan: A District Level Analysis. 32nd Annual General Meeting and Conference, Munich.
  • How is Belt and Road being funded?, (2023). Week in China. https://www.weekinchina.com/chapter/belt-and-road/how-is-belt-and-road-being-funded/
  • Hung, H. (2008). Rise of China and the global overaccumulation crisis. Review of International Political Economy, 15(2), 149-179. DOI: 10.1080/09692290701869654.
  • International Bank Association. (2023). Finance: Bank Collapses Revive Uncomfortable Memories of 2008 Financial Crisis. https://www.ibanet.org/bank-collapse-memories-2008-financial-crisis.
  • Jash, A. (2016). China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’: A Roadmap to ‘Chinese Dream’? IndraStra Global (2), 2016.
  • Johnston, L. A. (2018). The Belt and Road Initiative: What is in it for China? Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 6(1), 40–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.265
  • Lai, K. P. Y., Lin, S., & Sidaway, J. D. (2020). Financing the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): Research agendas beyond the “debt-trap” discourse. Eurasian Geography and Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2020.1726787
  • Lin, J. Y., & Wang, Y. (2017). Development beyond aid: Utilizing comparative advantage in the Belt and Road Initiative to achieve win-win 68-1(2).
  • List of countries that have signed a joint “Belt and Road” cooperation document with China. (2023). Belt and Road Portal. https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/p/77298.html
  • Mark, S., Overland, I., & Vakulchuk, R. (2020). Sharing the spoils: Winners and losers in the Belt and Road Initiative in Myanmar. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 39(3), 381-404.
  • Mcbride, J. (3 Şubat 2023). China’s Massive Belt and Road Initiative. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. (2021) “Report on the Findings and Recommendations from the Meetings of the Advisory Council of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in 2019 and 2020. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjbxw/202112/P020211218394332617729.pdf.
  • New Development Bank. (2023). Capital Structure & Subscription. New Development Bank. https://www.ndb.int/about-ndb/shareholding/
  • Premier Li Keqiang Holds Talks with Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari and Interim Prime Minister Mir Hazar Khan Khoso, Stressing Consolidation of China-Pakistan Traditional Friendship and Promotion of Comprehensive Practical Cooperation. (n.d.). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/2757_663518/2759_663522/201305/t20130524_520146.html
  • Sacks. (24 Mart 2021). Countries in China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Who’s In And Who’s Out. Council of Foreign Relations. Retrieved March 2, 2023, from https://www.cfr.org/blog/countries-chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-whos-and-whos-out
  • Sahoo, P., & Bhunia, A. (28 Nisan 2014). BCIM Corridor a game changer for South Asian trade | East Asia Forum. East Asia Forum. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2014/07/18/bcim-corridor-a-game-changer-for-south-asian-trade/
  • Sarwar, F. (2018). China’s One Belt and One Road: Implications of ‘New Eurasian Land Bridge’ on Global Power Play in the Region. NUST Journal of International Peace and Stability.
  • Shambaugh, D. (2016). Çin küreselleşme yolunda: kısmi güç. (L. Boyacı, Çev.). İstanbul: Yarın Yayınları.
  • Shih, W. C. (2020). Global supply chains in a post-pandemic world. Harvard Business Review, 98(5), 82-89.
  • Soni, S.K. (2018). China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor: Opportunities and Challenges. İçinde: Deepak, B. (Editör) China’s Global Rebalancing and the New Silk Road . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5972-8_9
  • Sorin-George, T., & Cătălin, G. (2018). Chinese economic pragmatism: The belt and road initiative. Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 18(2), 70-74.
  • Taldybayeva, D. (2019). Çin-Moğolistan-Rusya Ekonomik Koridoru: Tarafların Menfaatleri. Akhmet Yassawi Universitesi ERI Haftalık Bülten, (195).
  • The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (2012). China.org.cn. http://www.china.org.cn/china/18th_cpc_congress/node_7167318.htm
  • The 50 largest economies in the world. (n.d.). Worlddata.info. https://www.worlddata.info/largest-economies.php
  • Uddin, S. S. (2023). 9 Bangladesh and the Belt and Road Initiative. China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, Diplomacy, Economy and Cyberspace.
  • Üngör, Ç. (2023). Chinese Vaccine Diplomacy in the Eastern Mediterranean: Continuities and Rupture in Beijing’s Soft Power Prospects. Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 10(1), 62-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/23477989221143276
  • Wang, Y., & Liu, X. (2019). Is The Belt and Road Initiative A Chinese Geo-Political Strategy? Asian Affairs, 50(2), 260–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2019.1602388
  • Wang, C., Lim, M. K., Zhang, X., Zhao, L., & Lee, P. T. W. (2020, April). Railway and road infrastructure in the Belt and Road Initiative countries: Estimating the impact of transport infrastructure on economic growth. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 134, 288–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.02.009
  • What are six economic corridors under Belt and Road Initiative? (2020). The State Council Information Office The People’s Republic of China. http://english.scio.gov.cn/beltandroad/2020-08/04/content_76345602.htm
  • Xi Jinping Attends Opening Ceremony of Sixth Ministerial Conference of China-Arab States Cooperation Forum and Delivers Important Speech Stressing to Promote Silk Road Spirit and Deepen China-Arab Cooperation. (2014). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2913_665441/2858_663706/2860_663710/201406/t20140609_533940.html
  • Zhou, S., & Hu, A. (2021). China: Surpassing the “Middle Income Trap” (s. 218). Springer Nature.
  • ”一带一路”与对外开放新模式. (20 Eylül 2014). https://finance.ifeng.com/a/20140920/13130977_0.shtml.

China’s Global Geoeconomic Vision: Belt and Road Initiative in the Context of Goals and Objectives

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 55 - 77, 31.05.2024

Öz

This article provides a comprehensive overview of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), examining its background, objectives, and impacts in detail. The BRI is a major infrastructure and trade initiative aimed at increasing China’s global economic influence. It also delves into the historical origins of the project and its initiation. Additionally, it elaborates on the key components of the project, known as “belts” and “roads.” The article discusses the economic, political, and geopolitical implications of the BRI. It is designed to enhance understanding of China’s growing role on the international stage and emphasize the global economic and strategic significance of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Kaynakça

  • Abid, M., & Ashfaq, A. (2015). CPEC: Challenges and opportunities for Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Vision, 16(2), 142-169.
  • Akber, A. L. I. (2015). China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Prospects and challenges for regional integeration. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 7(1), 1-15.
  • Akdağ, Z. (2019). Türkiye-Çin İlişkilerinde Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’nin Önemi . Birey ve Toplum Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi , 9 (1) , 65-96 . DOI: 10.20493/birtop.558276
  • “All roads lead to Beijing”, IPS Journal, https://www.ips-journal.eu/regions/asia/all-roads-lead-to-beijing-2111/, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2023).
  • “Belt And Road Inıtıatıve Map”, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2023)
  • Bian, J., Li, A., Nan, X., Lei, G., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Dataset of the mountain green cover index (SDG15. 4.2) over the economic corridors of the Belt and Road Initiative for 2010-2019. Big Earth Data, 6(1), 77-89.
  • Biswas, R. (2018). China’s Belt and Road Initiative. In: Emerging Markets Megatrends. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78123-5_6
  • Bocutoğlu E. (2017). Çin’in “Bir Kuşak-Bir Yol” Projesinin Ekonomik ve Jeopolitik Sonuçları Üzerine Düşünceler, Proceedings of the International Conference on Eurasian Economies, 265-270.
  • Brief: China Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Investment Report 2021 (2022). Green Finance & Development Center. https://greenfdc.org/brief-china-belt-and-road-initiative-bri-investment-report-2021/
  • Brunk, I. W., & Hakimi, M. (2022). Russia, Ukraine, and the future world order. American Journal of International Law, 116(4), 687-697.
  • Chan, V. C., Hui, Y. F., Hui, D., & Vafadari, K. (2023). Heritage Conservation and China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Taylor & Francis.
  • Cheng, L. K. (2016). Three questions on China’s “Belt and Road Initiative.” China Economic Review, 40, 309–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2016.07.008
  • China and Pakistan celebrate 10th anniversary of CPEC, laud benefits. (2023). Global Times. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202307/1295392.shtml
  • China overtakes Japan as world’s second-biggest economy. (14 Şubat, 2011). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-12427321
  • Chinese premier arrives in Thailand for GMS meeting[1]- Chinadaily.com.cn. (19 Aralık 2014). https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2014livisitkst/2014-12/19/content_19123648.htm.
  • Cibulka F., Ganesan N., Aiyara T., & Lim T. W., (2019), China and Southeast Asia in The Xi Jinping Era. Lexington Books.
  • Countries of the Belt and Road Initiative, (2023). Green Finance & Development Center, https://greenfdc.org/countries-of-the-belt-and-road-initiative-bri/
  • Decker V. D., (2018). The Geoeconomics Behind The Belt and Road Initiative How the Brı Is Shaping A New Geoeconomic Order, Faculteit Politieke en Sociale Wetenschapen.
  • Derruder B., (2018). Connectivity Along Overland Corridors of the Belt and Road Initivative, World Bank Group, 1-73.
  • Dunford, M. (2021). China’s Belt and Road Initiative and its Implications for Global Development. ACTA VIA SERICA, 6(1), 91–118.
  • Erol, M. S. (2004). Orta Asya’da Güvenlik Sorunları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları (HÜTAD), (1), 85-112.
  • Erol, M. S. & Koyuncu, M. C. (2022). Çin’in İnci Dizisi Stratejisi . Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi , 6 (1) , 41-66.
  • Fallon, T. (2015). The New Silk Road: Xi Jinping’s Grand Strategy for Eurasia. American Foreign Policy Interests, 37(3), 140-147. DOI: 10.1080/10803920.2015.1056682.
  • Foure, J., Benassy-Quere, A., & Fontagne, L. (2010). The world economy in 2050: a tentative picture. Paris: CEPII.
  • Full text: Constitution of Communist Party of China (14 Kasım 2012), China.org.cn. http://www.china.org.cn/china/18th_cpc_congress/2012-11/16/content_27138030.html
  • Fulton, J. (2016, November). An analysis of two corridors in China’s one belt one road initiative: China-Pakistan and China Central-West Asia. In Proceedings of International Conference on Inter-Regional Connectivity: South Asia and Central Asia (pp. 43-49).
  • Genç A., (2019), Bir Kuşak Bir Yol Projesi ve Çin, s.19-44., Bir Kuşak Bir Yol Projesi Kavramlar, Aktörler, Uygulamalar, (Der.: Serdar Yılmaz) Astana Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Gharayagh-Zandi D., (2018) “Iran’s Perspective on Europe, Iran and Turkey Triangular Interdependencies: Based on BRI Initiative”, International Symposium on China’s West Asian Strategies and Belt and Road Initiative-BRI, Ankara.
  • Gökten, K. (2019). Çin-Pakistan Ekonomik Koridoru ve Yeni Güney Asya Jeopolitiği. Fiscaoeconomia, 3(1), 160.
  • Haq, R., & Farooq, N. (2016, 13-15 Aralık). Impact of CPEC on Social Welfare in Pakistan: A District Level Analysis. 32nd Annual General Meeting and Conference, Munich.
  • How is Belt and Road being funded?, (2023). Week in China. https://www.weekinchina.com/chapter/belt-and-road/how-is-belt-and-road-being-funded/
  • Hung, H. (2008). Rise of China and the global overaccumulation crisis. Review of International Political Economy, 15(2), 149-179. DOI: 10.1080/09692290701869654.
  • International Bank Association. (2023). Finance: Bank Collapses Revive Uncomfortable Memories of 2008 Financial Crisis. https://www.ibanet.org/bank-collapse-memories-2008-financial-crisis.
  • Jash, A. (2016). China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’: A Roadmap to ‘Chinese Dream’? IndraStra Global (2), 2016.
  • Johnston, L. A. (2018). The Belt and Road Initiative: What is in it for China? Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 6(1), 40–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.265
  • Lai, K. P. Y., Lin, S., & Sidaway, J. D. (2020). Financing the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): Research agendas beyond the “debt-trap” discourse. Eurasian Geography and Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2020.1726787
  • Lin, J. Y., & Wang, Y. (2017). Development beyond aid: Utilizing comparative advantage in the Belt and Road Initiative to achieve win-win 68-1(2).
  • List of countries that have signed a joint “Belt and Road” cooperation document with China. (2023). Belt and Road Portal. https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/p/77298.html
  • Mark, S., Overland, I., & Vakulchuk, R. (2020). Sharing the spoils: Winners and losers in the Belt and Road Initiative in Myanmar. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 39(3), 381-404.
  • Mcbride, J. (3 Şubat 2023). China’s Massive Belt and Road Initiative. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. (2021) “Report on the Findings and Recommendations from the Meetings of the Advisory Council of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in 2019 and 2020. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjbxw/202112/P020211218394332617729.pdf.
  • New Development Bank. (2023). Capital Structure & Subscription. New Development Bank. https://www.ndb.int/about-ndb/shareholding/
  • Premier Li Keqiang Holds Talks with Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari and Interim Prime Minister Mir Hazar Khan Khoso, Stressing Consolidation of China-Pakistan Traditional Friendship and Promotion of Comprehensive Practical Cooperation. (n.d.). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/gjhdq_665435/2675_665437/2757_663518/2759_663522/201305/t20130524_520146.html
  • Sacks. (24 Mart 2021). Countries in China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Who’s In And Who’s Out. Council of Foreign Relations. Retrieved March 2, 2023, from https://www.cfr.org/blog/countries-chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-whos-and-whos-out
  • Sahoo, P., & Bhunia, A. (28 Nisan 2014). BCIM Corridor a game changer for South Asian trade | East Asia Forum. East Asia Forum. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2014/07/18/bcim-corridor-a-game-changer-for-south-asian-trade/
  • Sarwar, F. (2018). China’s One Belt and One Road: Implications of ‘New Eurasian Land Bridge’ on Global Power Play in the Region. NUST Journal of International Peace and Stability.
  • Shambaugh, D. (2016). Çin küreselleşme yolunda: kısmi güç. (L. Boyacı, Çev.). İstanbul: Yarın Yayınları.
  • Shih, W. C. (2020). Global supply chains in a post-pandemic world. Harvard Business Review, 98(5), 82-89.
  • Soni, S.K. (2018). China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor: Opportunities and Challenges. İçinde: Deepak, B. (Editör) China’s Global Rebalancing and the New Silk Road . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5972-8_9
  • Sorin-George, T., & Cătălin, G. (2018). Chinese economic pragmatism: The belt and road initiative. Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 18(2), 70-74.
  • Taldybayeva, D. (2019). Çin-Moğolistan-Rusya Ekonomik Koridoru: Tarafların Menfaatleri. Akhmet Yassawi Universitesi ERI Haftalık Bülten, (195).
  • The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (2012). China.org.cn. http://www.china.org.cn/china/18th_cpc_congress/node_7167318.htm
  • The 50 largest economies in the world. (n.d.). Worlddata.info. https://www.worlddata.info/largest-economies.php
  • Uddin, S. S. (2023). 9 Bangladesh and the Belt and Road Initiative. China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, Diplomacy, Economy and Cyberspace.
  • Üngör, Ç. (2023). Chinese Vaccine Diplomacy in the Eastern Mediterranean: Continuities and Rupture in Beijing’s Soft Power Prospects. Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 10(1), 62-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/23477989221143276
  • Wang, Y., & Liu, X. (2019). Is The Belt and Road Initiative A Chinese Geo-Political Strategy? Asian Affairs, 50(2), 260–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2019.1602388
  • Wang, C., Lim, M. K., Zhang, X., Zhao, L., & Lee, P. T. W. (2020, April). Railway and road infrastructure in the Belt and Road Initiative countries: Estimating the impact of transport infrastructure on economic growth. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 134, 288–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.02.009
  • What are six economic corridors under Belt and Road Initiative? (2020). The State Council Information Office The People’s Republic of China. http://english.scio.gov.cn/beltandroad/2020-08/04/content_76345602.htm
  • Xi Jinping Attends Opening Ceremony of Sixth Ministerial Conference of China-Arab States Cooperation Forum and Delivers Important Speech Stressing to Promote Silk Road Spirit and Deepen China-Arab Cooperation. (2014). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq_665435/2913_665441/2858_663706/2860_663710/201406/t20140609_533940.html
  • Zhou, S., & Hu, A. (2021). China: Surpassing the “Middle Income Trap” (s. 218). Springer Nature.
  • ”一带一路”与对外开放新模式. (20 Eylül 2014). https://finance.ifeng.com/a/20140920/13130977_0.shtml.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Asya Toplumu Çalışmaları, Bölgesel Çalışmalar, Küreselleşme, Uzakdoğu Çalışmaları, Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zeki Talustan Gülten 0000-0001-5818-8331

Zeynep Çağla Erin 0000-0002-3250-7514

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 29 Kasım 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gülten, Z. T., & Erin, Z. Ç. (2024). Çin’in Küresel Jeoekonomik Vizyonu: Amaçlar ve Hedefler Bağlamında Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 55-77.
AMA Gülten ZT, Erin ZÇ. Çin’in Küresel Jeoekonomik Vizyonu: Amaçlar ve Hedefler Bağlamında Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi. BAD. Mayıs 2024;8(1):55-77.
Chicago Gülten, Zeki Talustan, ve Zeynep Çağla Erin. “Çin’in Küresel Jeoekonomik Vizyonu: Amaçlar Ve Hedefler Bağlamında Kuşak Ve Yol Girişimi”. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi 8, sy. 1 (Mayıs 2024): 55-77.
EndNote Gülten ZT, Erin ZÇ (01 Mayıs 2024) Çin’in Küresel Jeoekonomik Vizyonu: Amaçlar ve Hedefler Bağlamında Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi 8 1 55–77.
IEEE Z. T. Gülten ve Z. Ç. Erin, “Çin’in Küresel Jeoekonomik Vizyonu: Amaçlar ve Hedefler Bağlamında Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi”, BAD, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 55–77, 2024.
ISNAD Gülten, Zeki Talustan - Erin, Zeynep Çağla. “Çin’in Küresel Jeoekonomik Vizyonu: Amaçlar Ve Hedefler Bağlamında Kuşak Ve Yol Girişimi”. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi 8/1 (Mayıs 2024), 55-77.
JAMA Gülten ZT, Erin ZÇ. Çin’in Küresel Jeoekonomik Vizyonu: Amaçlar ve Hedefler Bağlamında Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi. BAD. 2024;8:55–77.
MLA Gülten, Zeki Talustan ve Zeynep Çağla Erin. “Çin’in Küresel Jeoekonomik Vizyonu: Amaçlar Ve Hedefler Bağlamında Kuşak Ve Yol Girişimi”. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 55-77.
Vancouver Gülten ZT, Erin ZÇ. Çin’in Küresel Jeoekonomik Vizyonu: Amaçlar ve Hedefler Bağlamında Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi. BAD. 2024;8(1):55-77.