BİR TERİM OLARAK “ARNAVUT”: 18. YÜZYIL OSMANLI DÜŞÜNCESİNDE ARNAVUTLAR

Öz

Bu çalışma, modern Osmanlı dönemi öncesinde Osmanlı devlet adamları ve düşünürlerinin - modern öncesi dönemde etnik isimleriyle anılmış - Arnavut topluluklara karşı geliştirdiği söylemleri incelemektedir. Büyük ölçüde 18. yüzyıldaki Osmanlı vakanüvislerinin “Arnavut” sözcüğünü ilişkilendirdiği bağlamları irdeleyerek Osmanlı müesses nizamında Arnavutlara karşı geliştirilmiş basmakalıp ve sıklıkla pejoratif ifadeler içeren söylem diline odaklanmaktadır. 19. yüzyıl ve sonrasında bilhassa Batılı şarkiyatçı söylemlerde pejoratif sıfatlarla birlikte anılan “Arnavut” terimini, kolonyalizm öncesinde de Osmanlı seçkinleri arasında başka bir veçhe ile de olsa görmek ilginçtir. Bu makale, bir yandan bu seçkinlerin imparatorluktaki birçok göçer topluma ilişkin olumsuz kanaatlerinin etnik terimlerle ilişkilendirmedeki Halduncu düşünceyi incelerken bir yandan da bu ilişkilendirmenin 18. yüzyıldaki isyanlar sonrasındaki değişen veçhelerini ve hâkim Osmanlı söylemlerinde köklü bir yer alıp almadığına ışık tutmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Osmanlı kamu düzen, ordusu ve din anlayışı konuları üzerinden bu söylemin “Arnavut” terimiyle nasıl ilişkilendirildiğini ele alarak, Osmanlı elitlerinin bu söyleminin 19. yüzyılda “modern” ve “şarkiyatçı” saikler ile Arnavut topluluklarına yöneltilmiş pejoratif dilin temelini oluşturup oluşturmadığını araştırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arnavut
• Tarihyazımı
• Vakanüvislik
• Şarkiyatçılık
• Osmanlı İsyanları.
• Arnavut, Tarihyazımı, Vakanüvislik, Şarkiyatçılık, Osmanlı İsyanları

“ALBANIAN” AS A TERM: ALBANIANS IN THE 18TH CENTURY OTTOMAN THINKING

Öz

This study examines the discourse Ottoman statesmen and scholars had developed for the Albanian communities, which was exclusively identified by their ethnic identities. Based mostly on the contexts the 18th century Ottoman chronicles associated with Albanians, it focuses on the stereotypes and pejorative expressions in the discourses the Ottoman establishment brought about in addressing the Albanians. Consideration of the term “Albanian,” which was mostly associated with pejorative adjectives particularly in the Orientalist discourses of the 19th century, in a different context in the discourses of the Ottoman elites before the age of colonialism is quite intriguing. This article examines the Khaldunist perspective of these elites in association with their mostly negative opinions about the mobile populations of the empire. At the same time, it sheds light on the changing aspects of this association in the aftermath of the rebellions in the 18th century and whether this association became permanent in the dominant Ottoman discourse. Focusing on themes such as Ottoman public order, army, and confessional considerations, this paper deals with how the term “Albanian” was associated with the discourse of Ottoman elite and investigates whether the latter constituted the base of the pejorative discourses of the 19th century that targeted the Albanian communities with “modern” and “orientalist” motives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Albanian
• Historiography
• State Chroniclers
• Orientalism
• Ottoman Rebellions.
• Albanian, Historiography, State Chroniclers, Orientalism, Ottoman Rebellions

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