Madde Kullanım Bozukluğunun Ergenlerde Anksiyete, Depresyon ve Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı madde kullanım bozukluğunun ergenlerin anksiyete, depresyon ve yaşam kalitesi düzeylerine etkisinin sağlıklı yaşıtlarıyla karşılaştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: Araştırmaya madde bağımlılığı servisinde yatarak tedavi gören 60 erkek ile cinsiyet ve yaş uyumlu 35 sağlıklı birey olmak üzere toplam 95 gönüllü birey dahil edildi. Katılımcıların anksiyete, depresyon ve yaşam kaliteleri yüz yüze mülakat yöntemiyle sorgulanarak kaydedildi. Bulgular: Madde kullanım bozukluğu olan ergenlerin Durumluk Kaygı Alt Ölçeği, Sürekli Kaygı Alt Ölçeği ve Beck Depresyon Ölçeği toplam puanlarının sağlıklı yaşıtlarına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Ayrıca, madde kullanım bozukluğu olan ergenlerin Çocuklar İçin Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği’nin sosyal işlevsellik puanı alanı hariç diğer tüm alanlarında sağlıklı yaşıtlarına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde azalma olduğu bulundu. Sonuç: Madde kullanım bozukluğu olan ergenlerin anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerinin sağlıklı yaşıtlarına göre daha yüksek olduğu, yaşam kalitesi düzeyinin ise düşük olduğu görüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• depresyon
• anksiyete
• ergenlik
• madde kullanım bozukluğu

Effect of Substance Use Disorder on Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Adolescents

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the anxiety, depression and quality of life levels of substance use disorder adolescents with their healthy peers. Method: A total of 95 volunteers, including 60 males who received inpatient treatment in the substance addiction service, and 35 healthy individuals who were gender and age matched were included in the study. The anxiety, depression and quality of life of the participants were questioned and recorded using face-to-face interview method. Results: Substance use disorder adolescents were found to be statistically significantly higher in the State Anxiety Sub-Scale, Trait Anxiety Sub-Scale and Beck Depression Scale scores compared to their healthy peers. In addition, it was found that there was a statistically significant decrease in substance use disorder adolescents compared to their healthy peers in all areas of the Children's Quality of Life Scale, except for the social functionality score. Conclusion: Anxiety and depression levels of substance use disorder adolescents were higher than their healthy peers, and their quality of life levels were lower. I

Anahtar Kelimeler

• depression
• anxiety
• adolescence
• substance use disorder

Kaynakça

1. 1. Çiftçi Demirci A, Erdoğan A, Yalçın Ö, et al. Sociodemographic characteristics and drug abuse patterns of adolescents admitted for substance use disorder treatment in Istanbul. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2015;41(3):212-9.
2. 2. Öztaş D, Kalyon A, Ertuğrul A, et al. Evaluation of Risk Factors Affecting Substance Use among Tenth-Grade Students. Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:1407649.
3. 3. Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub; 2013:175
4. 4. Flemmen G, Wang E. Impaired Aerobic Endurance and Muscular Strength in Substance Use Disorder Patients: Implications for Health and Premature Death. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(44):e1914-e.
5. 5. Mamen A, Martinsen E. The aerobic fitness of substance abusers voluntary participating in a rehabilitation project. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2009;49(2): 187-93.
6. 6. Herbsleb M, Schulz S, Ostermann S, et al. The relation of autonomic function to physical fitness in patients suffering from alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;132(3):505-12.
7. 7. Wittchen H-U, Jacobi F. Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe—a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2005;15(4):357-76.
8. 8. Kendall PC, Safford S, Flannery-Schroeder E, et al. Child anxiety treatment: outcomes in adolescence and impact on substance use and depression at 7.4-year follow-up. J Consult Clin Psychol 2004;72(2):276-87.

9. 9. Najt P, Fusar-Poli P, Brambilla P. Co-occurring mental and substance abuse disorders: a review on the potential predictors and clinical outcomes. Psychiatry Res 2011;186(2-3):159-64.
10. 10. Dagher RK, Green KM. Does depression and substance abuse co-morbidity affect socioeconomic status? Evidence from a prospective study of urban African Americans. Psychiatry Res 2015;225(1-2):115-21.
11. 11. Book SW, Thomas SE, Smith JP, et al. Severity of anxiety in mental health versus addiction treatment settings when social anxiety and substance abuse are comorbid. Addict Behav 2012;37(10):1158-61.
12. 12. Zubaran C, Foresti K. Quality of life and substance use: concepts and recent tendencies. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2009;22(3):281-6.
13. 13. Laudet AB. The case for considering quality of life in addiction research and clinical practice. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2011;6(1):44-55.
14. 14. Clark DB, Kirisci L. Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, alcohol use disorders and quality of life in adolescents. Anxiety 1996;2(5):226-33.
15. 15. Topolski TD, Patrick DL, Edwards TC, et al. Quality of life and health-risk behaviors among adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2001;29(6):426-35.
16. 16. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, et al. Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (Palo Alto, CA, Consulting Psychologists Press). Inc. 1983.
17. 17. Öner N, LeCompte WA. Durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları; 1985.
18. 18. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, et al. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4(6):561-71
19. 19. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown G. Beck depression inventory–II. Psychological Assessment. 1996.
20. 20. Hisli N. Beck depresyon envanterinin universite ogrencileri icin gecerliligi, guvenilirligi.(A reliability and validity study of Beck Depression Inventory in a university student sample). J Psychol 1989;7:3-13.
21. 21. Varni JW, Seid M, Rode CA. The PedsQL™: measurement model for the pediatric quality of life inventory. Medical care 1999:126-39.
22. 22. Memik NÇ, Ağaoğlu B, Coşkun A, et al. Çocuklar için yaşam kalitesi ölçeğinin 13-18 yaş ergen formunun geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2007;18(4):353-63.
23. 23. Lubman DI, Allen NB, Rogers N, et al. The impact of co-occurring mood and anxiety disorders among substance-abusing youth. J Affect Disord 2007;103(1-3):105-12.
24. 24. Keskin G, Gümüş AB. Alkol ve madde bağımlılarında depresif belirtiler ve depresif belirtilerle ilişkili değişkenlerin incelenmesi. Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2017;30(2):124-135.
25. 25. Enez Darcin A, Nurmedov S, Noyan C, et al. Özel bir bağımlılık merkezinde yatarak tedavi gören hastalarda psikiyatrik eş tanının bağımlılığın seyri ile ilişkisi. Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2015:196-203.
26. 26. Torikka A, Kaltiala-Heino R, Rimpelä A, et al. Depression, drinking, and substance use among 14- to 16-year-old Finnish adolescents. Nord J Psychiatry 2001;55(5):351-7.
27. 27. Çağlar EE, Türk T. Ergenlik Döneminde Madde Kullanım Deneyimi ve Depresyon Arasındaki İlişki. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2018;19(4):99-106.
28. 28. Westermeyer J, Wahmanholm K, Thuras P. Effects of childhood physical abuse on course and severity of substance abuse. Am J Addict 2001;10(2):101-10.
29. 29. Agosti V, Levin FR. The effects of alcohol and drug dependence on the course of depression. Am J Addict 2006;15(1):71-5.
30. 30. Hayatbakhsh MR, Najman JM, Jamrozik K, et al. Cannabis and anxiety and depression in young adults: a large prospective study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46(3):408-17.
31. 31. Ekinci S, Kural HU, Yalçınay M. Madde bağımlılığı olan hastalarda öfke düzeyi; bağımlılık profili, depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyi ile ilişkisi. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2016;17(1):12-7.
32. 32. Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, et al. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study. JAMA 1990;264(19):2511-8.
33. 33. Sevinçok L. Küçükardalı Y. Genç erkeklerde madde kullanımı: Sosyodemografik özellikler ve psikiyatrik tanılar.Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2000;11:40-8.
34. 34. Samanci AY, Sefa A, Solmaz M, et al. Alkol ve Anksiyete Bozukluklar ı ilişkisi. Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 1995, 8 (3): 44-49.
35. 35. Hall SM. The abstinence phobias: links between substance abuse and anxiety. Int J Addict 1984;19(6):613-31.
36. 36. Stevanovic D, Atilola O, Balhara YPS, et al. The relationships between alcohol/drug use and quality of life among adolescents: An international, cross-sectional study. Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse 2015;24(4):177-85.
37. 37. Ravens-Sieberer U, Nickel J, Erhart M, et al. Risk behaviour and health-related quality of life among European adolescents. Sucht 2006;52(4):236-44.
38. 38. Kieling C, Baker-Henningham H, Belfer M, et al. Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for action. The Lancet 2011;378(9801):1515-25.
39. 39. Yousefi-Nooraie R, Farhoudian A, Amini H, et al. Prevalence of mental disorders among high-school students in Iran: a systematic review. Iran J Psychiatry 2009:1-6.
40. 40. Küçükerdönmez Ö, Urhan M, Köksal E. Alkol ve Madde Bağımlılığı Olan Bireylerde İştah, Beslenme Durumu ve Yaşam Kalitesi İlişkisi. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi 2018;46(2):147-56.
41. 41. Volk RJ, Cantor SB, Steinbauer JR, et al. Alcohol use disorders, consumption patterns, and health‐related quality of life of primary care patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997;21(5):899-905.
42. 42. Daeppen JB, Krieg MA, Burnand B, et al. MOS-SF-36 in evaluating health-related quality of life in alcohol-dependent patients. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1998;24(4):685-94.
43. 43. Saengcharnchai P, Likhitsathian S, Yingwiwattanapong J, et al. Correlates of health-related quality of life in Thai patients with alcohol dependence. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2016;15(2):210-20.
44. 44. Popovic V, Popovic I, Lilic V, et al. Some aspects of quality of life of alcoholics. Qual Life Res. 1997;6:700.