Assessment of the Use Status of Silene compacta Fischer as a Potential Ornamental Plant
Yıl 2024,
, 35 - 43, 16.07.2024
Fazilet Parlakova Karagöz
,
Halit Karagöz
,
Atilla Dursun
Öz
Silene compacta Fischer, which is among the natural species of Turkey, has dense inflorescences and showy pink flowers, offering it the potential to be used as an ornamental plant. This research was designed to provide an overview of the responses of seeds collected from a location at an average altitude of 1962 m above sea level and the responses of plants grown from these seeds to temperature and vernalization. In this research, it was aimed to propagate, grow and flower S.compacta by generative method and to propose a protocol that will allow successful commercial production. As a result of the research, it was determined that S.compacta seeds were in embryonic rest and moist cold stratification applications were carried out for different periods. Seeds taken into cold stratification were kept at +4℃ and periodically removed to room conditions. Seeds placed in moist cold stratification for 45 days had a germination rate of 70.67% at 25℃. Germinated seeds were grown under greenhouse conditions. At the end of the first year, stemming did not occur and they remained in a flowerless, leafy form. Following this observation, the plants were subjected to vernalization trial. Potted, leafy old plants were kept under lighting at +4℃ for different periods of time. The first flower buds were observed in pots kept under vernalization conditions for 100 days and the vernalization conditions of this species were determined. It was concluded that S.compacta seeds can vernalize at +4℃ for 100 days or more. We hope that the information in this study will help optimize flowering in Silene compacta and that future studies will contribute to the introduction of a cut flower candidate and/or a potted succulent plant candidate to the floriculture market.
Kaynakça
- Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., Tan, K. 1988. Silene L. in flora of Turkey and east Aegean islands. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 10:76-81.
- Faydaoğlu, E., Sürücüoğlu, M.S. 2011. History of the use of medical and aromatic plants and their economic importance. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 11(1):52-67.
- Ghahremaninejad, F., Angaji, A., Etemad, M., Vahidynia, F., Attar, F. 2014. Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of Silene species (Caryophyllaceae) using DNA-based markers. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 4:125-132.
- Kosa, S., Karaguzel, O. 2020. Effects of seed age, germination temperature, gibberellic acid and stratification on germination of Silene compacta. Pak. J. Bot. 52(3):901-908.
- Tekin, E. 2007. Turkey’s most beautiful wild flowers. Türkiye İş Bankası Cultural Publications.
- Bakoğlu, A., Kökten, K., Kavurmaci, Z. 2014. Tannin, protein contents and fatty acid compositions of Silene compacta Fischer seeds from Bingöl, Turkey. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 1(4):441-444.
- Baytop, A. 1998. English-Turkish Botanical Guide. Istanbul University Press and Film Center, University Publication No:4058, Faculty of Pharmacy Publication No:70, Istanbul, 375 p.
- Chelariu, E.L., Draghia, L. 2011. Species from spontaneous flora of Tulcea County, with ornamental value. Lucrări Științifice, Universitatea de Științe Agricole Și Medicină Veterinară" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Seria Horticultură 54(2):251-256.
- Küçükboyaci, N., Ozcelik, B., Adiguzel, N., Goren, A.C. 2010. Fatty-acid compositions of Silene vulgaris and S.cserei subsp. aeoniopsis seeds and their antimicrobial activities. Chem. of Natural Comp. 46(1):88- 91.
- Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C. 2014. Seeds-Ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination (2. edition). Academic Press publications (Elsevier), San Diego, USA.
- Gülcü, S., Taramış, S. 2017. The effects of stratification duration on germination of tanner’s sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) seeds in two different environments. Artvin Coruh Univ. J. Forest. Fac. 18(1):98-102.
- Mondoni, A., Daws, M.L., Belotti, J., Rossi, G. 2009. Germination requirements of the alpine endemic Silene elisabethae Jan.: Effects of cold stratification, light and GA₃. Seed Sci. Tech. 37(1):79-87.
- Öztan, Y., Arslan, M. 1993. Research carried out to determine the species of succulent plants that can be grown in the ecological conditions of Central Anatolia region and the possibilities of their use as ground cover from the landscape architectural point of view. Doğa, Türk Tarım Orman Dergisi 17(2):247-358.
- Giménez-Benavides, L., Escudero, A., Perez-Garcia, F. 2005. Seed germination of high mountain Mediterranean species: Altitudinal, interpopulation and interannual variability. Ecol. Res. 20:433-444.
- Draghia, L., Chelariu, E.L., Zaharia, A. 2011. Aspects regarding the production of planting material at some ornamental species from spontaneous flora. Bulletin UASVM Agriculture 68(1):332-338.
- Kellmann-Sopyla, W., Giełwanowska, I. 2015. Germination capacity of five polar Caryophyllaceae and Poaceae species under different temperature conditions. Polar Biol. 38:1753-1765.
- Michaels, S.D., Amasino, R.M. 2000. Memories of winter: Vernalization and the competence to flower. Plant Cell Environ. 23:1145-1153.
- Chouard, P. 1960. Vernalization and its relations to dormancy. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 11:191-238.
- Thomas, B., Vince-Prue, D. 1984. Juvenility, photoperiodism and vernalization, pp:408-439. In: M.B. Wilkins (ed.). Advanced plant physiology. Pitman, London.
- ISTA, 1996. International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Science and Technology, 13:201.
- Boyraz, M., Korkmaz, H., Durmaz, A. 2019. Seed dormancy and germination. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 2(3):92-105.
- Karakurt, H., Aslantaș, R., Eșitken, A. 2010. The environmental factors and some pre-treatments affecting on seed germination and plant growth, Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 24(2):115-128.
- Hayta, E., Arabacı, O. 2011. Determining different germination techniques on the seeds of some plant genus named as thyme. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 8(1):91-101.
- Yildiz, M., Beyaz, R., Gursoy, M., Aycan, M., Koc, Y., Kayan, M. 2017. Seed dormancy. Advances in Seed Biology, Intech, UK, pp:85-101.
- Finch-Savage, W.E., Footitt, S. 2015. Regulation of seed dormancy cycling in seasonal field environments. In Advances in plant dormancy (pp:35-47). Springer, Cham.
- Padhye, S.R., Cameron, A.C. 2008. Dianthus gratianopolitanus Vill. ‘Bath’s Pink’ has a near-obligate vernalization requirement. HortScience 43(2):346-349.
- Yun, D.L., Song, S.J., Kim, Y.J. 2020. Plant maturity and vernalization affect flowering in Dianthus japonicus Thunb. The Horticulture Journal, 89(1):37-44.
- Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C. 1979. Studies on the autecology and population biology of the monocarpic perennial Grindelia lanceolata. Amer. Midl. Natur. 102:290-299.
Silene compacta Fischer’in Potansiyel Süs Bitkisi Olarak Kullanım Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi
Yıl 2024,
, 35 - 43, 16.07.2024
Fazilet Parlakova Karagöz
,
Halit Karagöz
,
Atilla Dursun
Öz
Türkiye’nin doğal türleri arasında bulunan Silene compacta Fischer’in yoğun çiçek salkımına ve gösterişli pembe çiçeklere sahip olması, ona süs bitkisi olarak kullanım potansiyeli sunmaktadır. Bu araştırma deniz seviyesinden yüksekliği ortalama 1962 m’deki lokasyondan toplanan tohumların ve bu tohumlardan yetiştirilen bitkilerin sıcaklığa ve vernalizasyona verdiği tepkilere genel bir bakış sağlamak için tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmada, S.compacta’nın generatif yöntem ile çoğaltılması, yetiştirilmesi ve çiçeklenmesinin sağlanması ve başarılı ticari üretime izin verecek bir protokol önerme amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, S.compacta tohumlarının embriyonik dinlenmede olduğu belirlenmiş ve farklı sürelerde nemli soğuk katlama uygulamaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Soğuk katlamaya alınan tohumlar +4℃’de bekletilmiş ve periyodik olarak oda koşullarına çıkarılmıştır. 45 gün nemli soğuk katlamaya alınan tohumlarda, 25℃’de %70,67 oranında çimlenme gerçekleşmiştir. Çimlenen tohumlar sera koşullarında büyütülmüştür. Birinci yılın sonunda sapa kalkma gerçekleşmemiş ve çiçeksiz, bol yapraklı formda kalmışlardır. Bu gözlemin ardından bitkiler vernalizasyon denemesine alınmıştır. Saksılı bol yapraklı bir (1) yaşlı bitkiler, aydınlatmalı, +4℃ sıcaklıkta farklı sürelerde bekletilmiştir. 100 gün vernalizasyon koşullarında bekletilen saksılarda ilk çiçek tomurcuğu gözlenmiştir. S.compacta tohumlarının 100 gün ve fazlasında, +4℃’de vernalize olabildiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki bilgilerin Silene compacta’ta çiçeklenmeyi optimize etmeye yardımcı olacağını ve ileride yapılacak çalışmalarla da bir kesme çiçek adayının ve/veya saksılı sukulent bir bitki adayının çiçekçilik pazarına tanıtılmasına katkıda bulunacağını umuyoruz.
Kaynakça
- Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., Tan, K. 1988. Silene L. in flora of Turkey and east Aegean islands. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 10:76-81.
- Faydaoğlu, E., Sürücüoğlu, M.S. 2011. History of the use of medical and aromatic plants and their economic importance. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 11(1):52-67.
- Ghahremaninejad, F., Angaji, A., Etemad, M., Vahidynia, F., Attar, F. 2014. Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of Silene species (Caryophyllaceae) using DNA-based markers. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 4:125-132.
- Kosa, S., Karaguzel, O. 2020. Effects of seed age, germination temperature, gibberellic acid and stratification on germination of Silene compacta. Pak. J. Bot. 52(3):901-908.
- Tekin, E. 2007. Turkey’s most beautiful wild flowers. Türkiye İş Bankası Cultural Publications.
- Bakoğlu, A., Kökten, K., Kavurmaci, Z. 2014. Tannin, protein contents and fatty acid compositions of Silene compacta Fischer seeds from Bingöl, Turkey. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 1(4):441-444.
- Baytop, A. 1998. English-Turkish Botanical Guide. Istanbul University Press and Film Center, University Publication No:4058, Faculty of Pharmacy Publication No:70, Istanbul, 375 p.
- Chelariu, E.L., Draghia, L. 2011. Species from spontaneous flora of Tulcea County, with ornamental value. Lucrări Științifice, Universitatea de Științe Agricole Și Medicină Veterinară" Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Seria Horticultură 54(2):251-256.
- Küçükboyaci, N., Ozcelik, B., Adiguzel, N., Goren, A.C. 2010. Fatty-acid compositions of Silene vulgaris and S.cserei subsp. aeoniopsis seeds and their antimicrobial activities. Chem. of Natural Comp. 46(1):88- 91.
- Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C. 2014. Seeds-Ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination (2. edition). Academic Press publications (Elsevier), San Diego, USA.
- Gülcü, S., Taramış, S. 2017. The effects of stratification duration on germination of tanner’s sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) seeds in two different environments. Artvin Coruh Univ. J. Forest. Fac. 18(1):98-102.
- Mondoni, A., Daws, M.L., Belotti, J., Rossi, G. 2009. Germination requirements of the alpine endemic Silene elisabethae Jan.: Effects of cold stratification, light and GA₃. Seed Sci. Tech. 37(1):79-87.
- Öztan, Y., Arslan, M. 1993. Research carried out to determine the species of succulent plants that can be grown in the ecological conditions of Central Anatolia region and the possibilities of their use as ground cover from the landscape architectural point of view. Doğa, Türk Tarım Orman Dergisi 17(2):247-358.
- Giménez-Benavides, L., Escudero, A., Perez-Garcia, F. 2005. Seed germination of high mountain Mediterranean species: Altitudinal, interpopulation and interannual variability. Ecol. Res. 20:433-444.
- Draghia, L., Chelariu, E.L., Zaharia, A. 2011. Aspects regarding the production of planting material at some ornamental species from spontaneous flora. Bulletin UASVM Agriculture 68(1):332-338.
- Kellmann-Sopyla, W., Giełwanowska, I. 2015. Germination capacity of five polar Caryophyllaceae and Poaceae species under different temperature conditions. Polar Biol. 38:1753-1765.
- Michaels, S.D., Amasino, R.M. 2000. Memories of winter: Vernalization and the competence to flower. Plant Cell Environ. 23:1145-1153.
- Chouard, P. 1960. Vernalization and its relations to dormancy. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 11:191-238.
- Thomas, B., Vince-Prue, D. 1984. Juvenility, photoperiodism and vernalization, pp:408-439. In: M.B. Wilkins (ed.). Advanced plant physiology. Pitman, London.
- ISTA, 1996. International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Science and Technology, 13:201.
- Boyraz, M., Korkmaz, H., Durmaz, A. 2019. Seed dormancy and germination. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 2(3):92-105.
- Karakurt, H., Aslantaș, R., Eșitken, A. 2010. The environmental factors and some pre-treatments affecting on seed germination and plant growth, Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 24(2):115-128.
- Hayta, E., Arabacı, O. 2011. Determining different germination techniques on the seeds of some plant genus named as thyme. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 8(1):91-101.
- Yildiz, M., Beyaz, R., Gursoy, M., Aycan, M., Koc, Y., Kayan, M. 2017. Seed dormancy. Advances in Seed Biology, Intech, UK, pp:85-101.
- Finch-Savage, W.E., Footitt, S. 2015. Regulation of seed dormancy cycling in seasonal field environments. In Advances in plant dormancy (pp:35-47). Springer, Cham.
- Padhye, S.R., Cameron, A.C. 2008. Dianthus gratianopolitanus Vill. ‘Bath’s Pink’ has a near-obligate vernalization requirement. HortScience 43(2):346-349.
- Yun, D.L., Song, S.J., Kim, Y.J. 2020. Plant maturity and vernalization affect flowering in Dianthus japonicus Thunb. The Horticulture Journal, 89(1):37-44.
- Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C. 1979. Studies on the autecology and population biology of the monocarpic perennial Grindelia lanceolata. Amer. Midl. Natur. 102:290-299.