Sebzelerde Hücre Süspansiyon Kültürleri

Öz

Bitki biyokimyası ve moleküler biyoloji ile ilgili temel çalışmalarda yararlanılan önemli bir araç olan bitki hücre kültüründe çeşitli yöntemler mevcut olup bunlar arasında, farklılaşmış kültürler (tüm bitki ve organ kültürleri; sürgün, kök ve adventif kök kültürleri) veya farklılaşmamış kültürler (kallus-hücre süspansiyon kültürleri, protoplast kültürü) yer almaktadır. Bitki hücre süspansiyon kültürleri, tüm bir bitki organizmasının yapısal karmaşıklığını göz ardı ederek, çeşitli olayların araştırılması amacıyla pratik bir araç olarak sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Süspansiyon tekniği ile kültüre alınmış hücreler, in vitro hücre popülasyonunun homojenliği, materyalin geniş ölçekte mevcudiyeti, hücre gelişiminin hızlı temposu ve koşulların güçlü bir şekilde tekrarlanabilir olması sayesinde karmaşık fizyolojik süreçlerin hücresel ve moleküler düzeyde araştırılmasına olanak sağlar. Bu değerlendirmede başlangıç materyalleri olan eksplantlardan başlayarak bitki hücre süspansiyon kültürlerinin nasıl başlatılacağı ve sürdürüleceği açıklanmakta ve sebzelerde uygulanmış hücre süspansiyon kültürü çalışmalarından örnekler sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• In vitro
• doku kültürü
• hücre süspansiyon kültürü

Cell Suspension Cultures in Vegetables

Abstract

There are various methods in plant cell culture, which is an important tool used in basic studies on plant biochemistry and molecular biology, and these include differentiated cultures (whole plant and organ cultures; shoot, root and adventitious root cultures) or undifferentiated cultures (callus-cell suspension cultures, protoplast culture). Plant cell suspension cultures are frequently used as a practical tool for the investigation of various phenomena, ignoring the structural complexity of an entire plant organism. Cells cultured with the suspension technique enable the investigation of complex physiological processes at the cellular and molecular level, thanks to the homogeneity of the in vitro cell population, the large-scale availability of the material, the rapid pace of cell development and the strong reproducibility of the conditions. In this research, it is explained how to initiate and maintain plant cell suspension cultures, starting from explants, which are the starting materials, and examples of cell suspension culture studies applied to vegetables are presented.

Keywords

• In vitro
• tissue culture
• cell suspension culture

Kaynakça

1. Mustafa, N.R., de Winter, W., van Iren, F., Verpoorte, R. 2011. Initiation, growth and cryopreservation of plant cell suspension cultures. Nature Protocols 6(6):715-742.
2. Gamborg, O.L., Phillips, G.C. 1995. Media preparation and handling. In Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture; Fundamental Methods (eds. Gamborg, O.L., Phillips, G.C.). Springer Lab Manual, Springer-Verlag, pp:1-90.
3. George, E.F. 2008. Plant Tissue Culture Procedure -Background, Chapter 1. In: Edwin F. George, E.F., Hall, M.A., De Klerk, G.J. (Eds.), Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture, 3.Edition, Vol.1, Dordrecht, Springer Publ., The Netherlands, pp:1-29.
4. Kieran, P.M., MacLoughlin, P.F., Malone, D.M. 1997. Plant cell suspension cultures: some engineering considerations. J. Biotech. 59:39-52.
5. Zhang, Y., Zhong, J., Yu, J. 1996. Enhancement of ginseng saponin production in suspension cultures of Panax notoginseng: manipulation of medium sucrose. J. Biotechnol, 51:49-56.
6. Danishefsky, S.J., Bornmann, W.G., Queneau, Y., et al. 1995. Total synthesis of taxol. US Patent, 5416225.
7. Stevenson, D.D., Szczeklik, A. 2006. Clinical and pathologic perspectives on aspirin sensitivity and asthma. J. Allergy Clin Immun, 118:773-86.
8. Kolewe, M.E., Gaurav, V., Roberts, S.C. 2008. Pharmaceutically active natural product synthesis and supply via plant cell culture technology. Mol. Pharm, 5:243-56.

9. Yue, W., Ming, Q-L., Lin, B., Rahman, K., Zheng, C-J., Han, T., Qin, L-P. 2014. Medicinal plant cell suspension cultures: pharmaceutical applications and high-yielding strategies for the desired secondary metabolites. Crit Rev Biotechnol, Early Online: 1-18, https://doi.org/10.3109/07388551. 2014.923986.
10. Moscatiello, R., Baldan, B., Navazio, L. 2013. Plant cell suspension cultures-Springer. In: Yehuda, S., Mostofsky, D.I., eds. Plant mineral nutrients. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press, pp:77-93.
11. Li, Y., Tao, W. 2009. Paclitaxel-producing fungal endophyte stimulates the accumulation of taxoids in suspension cultures of Taxus cuspidate. Sci. Hortic-Amsterdam, 121:97-102.
12. Cai, Z., Kastell, A., Knorr, D., Smetanska, I. 2012-a. Exudation: an expanding technique for continuous production and release of secondary metabolites from plant cell suspension and hairy root cultures. Plant Cell Rep., 31:461-77.
13. Cai, Z., Knorr, D., Smetanska, I. 2012-b. Enhanced anthocyanins and resveratrol production in Vitis vinifera cell suspension culture by indanoyl-isoleucine, N-linolenoyl-l-glutamine and insect saliva. Enzyme Microb Tech. 50:29-34.
14. Baldi, A., Dixit, V.K. 2008. Yield enhancement strategies for artemisinin production by suspension cultures of Artemisia annua. Bioresource Technol. 99:4609-14.
15. Jeong, C., Murthy, H.N., Hahn, E., Paek, K. 2008. Improved production of ginsenosides in suspension cultures of ginseng by medium replenishment strategy. J. Biosci Bioeng 105:288-91.
16. Ten Hoopen, H.J.G., Vinke, J.L., Moreno, P.R.H., et al. 2002. Influence of temperature on growth and ajmalicine production by Catharantus roseus suspension cultures. Enzyme Microb Tech., 30:56-65.
17. Xu, J., Ge, X., Dolan, M.C. 2011-a. Towards high-yield production of pharmaceutical proteins with plant cell suspension cultures. Biotechnol Adv., 29:278-99.
18. Xu, X., Zhang, W., Cao, X., Xue, S. 2011-b. Abietane diterpenoids synthesized by suspension-cultured cells of Cephalotaxus fortunei. Phytochem Lett, 4:52-5.
19. de Pádua, R.M., Meitinger, N., Waibel, R., et al. 2012. Biotransformation of 21-O-acetyl-deoxycorticosterone by cell suspension cultures of Digitalis lanata (strain W.1.4). Steroids 77:1373-80.
20. Zhang, X., Ye, M., Dong, Y., et al. 2011. Biotransformation of bufadienolides by cell suspension cultures of Saussurea involucrata. Phytochemistry, 72:1779-85.
21. Ramachandra Rao, S., Ravishankar, G.A. 2002. Plant cell cultures: chemical factories of secondary metabolites. Biotechn. Adv. 20:101-53.
22. Konczak-Islam, I., Okuno, S., Yoshimoto, M., Yamakawa, O. 2003. Composition of phenolics and anthocyanins in a sweet potato cell suspension culture. Biochemical Engineering Journal https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-703X(02)00216-4. 14(3):155-161.
23. Lu, C.H., Engelmann, N.J., Lila, M.A., Erdman, J.W. Jr. 2008. Optimization of lycopene extraction from tomato cell suspension culture by response surface methodology. J. Agr. Food Chem. https:// doi.org/10.1021/jf801029k 10:56(17):7710-7714.
24. Miras-Moreno, B., Almagro, L., Pedreño, M.A., Sabater-Jara, A.B. 2016. Enhanced accumulation of phytosterols and phenolic compounds in cyclodextrin-elicited cell suspension culture of Daucus carota. Plant Sci. 250:154-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.06.008.
25. Pandino, G., Meneghini, M., Tavazza, R. et al. Phytochemicals accumulation and antioxidant activity in callus and suspension cultures of Cynara scolymus L. 2017. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-016-1102-6. 128:223-230.
26. Lattanzio, V., Caretto, S., Linsalata, V., Colella, G., Mita, G. 2018. Signal transduction in artichoke [Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus (L.) Hayek] callus and cell suspension cultures under nutritional stress. Plant Physiol. Biochem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.017. 127:97-103.
27. Ismail, H., Kayani, S.S., Kayani, S.I., Mirza, B., Waheed, M.T. 2019. Optimization of cell suspension culture of transformed and untransformed lettuce for the enhanced production of secondary metabolites and their pharmaceutical evaluation. 3 Biotech. 9(9):339. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s13205-019-1870-x.
28. Setiowati, F.K., Widoretno, W., Prasetyawan, S., Lukiati, B. 2022. Enhanced production of organosulfur bioactive compounds in cell suspension culture of single garlic (Allium sativum L.) using precursor feeding. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 15(2):183-191. https://doi.org /10.54319/jjbs/150204.