Bazı Soğan (Allium cepa L.) Çeşitlerinin Hasat Sonrası Fizyolojisi Üzerinde Çalışmalar

Öz

Yalova-Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Araştırma Enstitüsünce 1981 ve 1982 yıllarında iki yıl süreyle yapılan bu çalışmada, Yalova-12 (Y-12) ve Yalova-15 (Y-15) soğan çeşitlerinin, depolama süresince kalite kayıpları gözlenerek depolanabilirlikleri ortaya konmuştur. Depolama, 0℃ ve 10℃ sıcaklık ve %70-80 oransal nemde 6 ay devam etmiştir. Depolama süresince çeşit ve sıcaklığa bağlı olarak sitrik asit, askorbik asit, pirüvik asit, suda eriyebilir kuru madde, toplam şeker, sakaroz, azot ve protein içeriklerinde azalma, indirgen şeker değerlerinde ise artış saptanmıştır. Depolama süresince aylık ağırlık kaybı oranı 0℃’de %0.5, 10℃’de %1.0 olmuştur. Solunum hızları ise sıcaklık yükseldikçe artmıştır. Depolama sonunda, her iki çeşidin de kalitede önemli bir kayıp olmadan 10℃’de 6 ay süreyle depolanabileceği saptanmıştır. Kalite kaybı, Y-12 çeşidinde, Y-15 çeşidine göre daha az olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soğan
• Allium cepa L.
• Hasat Sonrası Fizyolojisi

Studies on the Postharvest Physiology of Some Onion Varieties

Abstract

Studies were conducted on two onion varieties, i.e., Yalova-12 (Y-12) and Yalova-15 (Y-15) regarding their storage capacities and quality losses during storage at Yalova Atatürk Horticultural Research Institute in two consecutive years 1981 and 1982. They were cold stored for six months at 0℃ and 10℃ and 70-80 RH. Citric acid, ascorbic acid, pyruvic acid, soluble solids, total sugar, sucrose, total nitrogen and raw protein con tents decreased and invert sugar content increased depending on the varieties and storage temperatures also, monthly weight loss rates were 0.5% at 0℃, 1.0% at 10℃ during storage. Respiration rates of these varieties increased with the temperature. Additionally, onion is a non-climacteric vegetable. The experiments suggested that Y-12 and Y-15 onion varieties can be stored up to 6 months successfully. Quality losses of Y-12 varieties were less than those of Y-15 varieties during storage.

Keywords

• Onion
• Allium cepa L.
• Postharvest Physiology

Kaynakça

1. Akgün, H., 1970. Yerli soğan popülasyonlarından seleksiyon yolu ile elde edilen beyaz etli, sarı kabuklu dayanıklı soğan çeşitleri. Bahçe Kültürleri Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi Dergisi 3(4):10-25.
2. Albert, A., Cuquerella, J., 1979. Note on cold storage of onions cv. Grano. Hort. Abs. 53(3):1661.
3. Anonim, 1968. Analyses, determination of titratable acid. Int. Fed. Fruit Juke Prod. No.3.
4. Bedford, L.V., 1984. Dry matter and pungency tests on British grown onions. J. Natn. Inst. Agric. Bot. 16:581-591.
5. Böttcher, H., 1964. Sachgemäße Lagerung erhöht die Rentabilität im Zwiebel Anbau. Martin Luter Univ. Halle-Wittenberg.
6. Chroboczek, E., 1937. Study of some problem connected with growing and storage of onions. Hort. Abs. 7:112.
7. Darbyshire, B., 1978. Changes in the carbohydrate content of onion bulbs stored for various times at different temperatures. J. Hort. Sci. 53(3):195-201.
8. Düzgüneş, O., 1963. Bilimsel araştırmalarda istatistik prensipleri ve metotları. Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir.

9. Faskett, R.L., Peterson, C.E., 1950. Relation of dry matter content to storage quality in some onion varieties and hybrids. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 55:314-318.
10. Freeman, G.G., Whenham, R.J., 1976. Effect of overwinter storage at three temperatures on the flavor intensity of dry bulb onions. J. Sci. Food Agric. 27:37-42.
11. Gorin, N., 1980. Chemical characterization of onions. Jaarverslag, Sprenger Ins. Wageningen.
12. Jackson, M.L., 1962. Soil chemical analysis. Pre. Hall. Inc. 183:219-284.
13. Jones, H.A., e Mann, L.K., 1963. Onions and their allies. World Crop. Series. Leonard Hill Ltd. London.
14. Karmarkar, D.V., Joshi, B.M., 1941. Investigations on the storage of onions. Indian. J. Agric. Sci. 11:82-94.
15. Kato, T., 1966. Physiological studies on the bulging and dormancy of onion plants. 8. Relations between dormancy and organic constituents of bulbs. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 35:142-151.
16. Lorenz, O.A., Hoyle, B.J., 1944. Effect of curing and tinier of topping on weight loss and chemical composition of onion bulbs. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 47:301-308.
17. Ogata, K., Inoue, T., Murata, T., 1955. Studies on the storage of onions. 5. On the physiological influences of maleic hydrazide on onions during the ripening period. J. Hort. Ass. Japan, 23:245-248.
18. Ogata, K., Inoue, T., Murata, T., 1960. Physiological studies on the storage of onion bulb. Univ. Osaka Prof. Ser. Bull. Vol. 2.
19. Pearson, D., 1970. Analyses, determination of L-ascorbic acid. Int. Fed. Fruit Juice Prod. No. 17.
20. Platenius, H., Knott, J.E., 1941. Factors affecting onion pungency. J. Agric. Res. 62(6):371-375.
21. Pratt, H.K., Morris, L.L., 1956. Some physiological aspects of vegetable and fruit handling. Food Tech, in Australia. 10(8):407-417.
22. Regnell, J.C, 1973. Analytical methods in quality control of processed fruit and vegetables. Zeytincilik Araştırma Enstitüsü. Tech. Rep. 11, Izmir.
23. Rose, A.F., 1959. Dinitrophenol method for reducing sugar. "Potato Processing" (Eds. W.F. Talburt, D. Smith) The Avi Publishing Com. Inc. Connecticut.
24. Rutherford, P.P., Whittle, R., 1982. The carbohydrate composition of onions during long term cold storage. J. Hort. Sci. 57(3):349-356.
25. Rutherford, P.P., Whittle, R., 1984. Methods of predicting the long-term storage of onions. J. Hort. Sci. 59(4): 537-543.
26. Ryall, A.L., Lipton, W.J., 1983. Handling transportation and storage of fruits and vegetables Vol. 1, Vegetables and melons. The Avi Publishing Com. Inc. Connecticut.
27. Schwimmer, S., Weston, W.J., 1961. Enzymatic development of pyruvic acid in onion as a measure of pungency. Agric. Food Chem. 9(4): 301-304.
28. Schwimmer, S., Guadagni, D.G., 1962. Relation between olfactory there should concentration and pyruvic acid content of onion juice. J. Food Sci. 27:94-97.
29. Stow, J.R., 1975. Effects of humidity on losses of bulb onions stored at high temperature. Exp. Agric. II: 81-87.
30. Thomas, T.H., Isenberg, F.M., 1975. Hormones physiological of onion bulb during dormancy. Exp. Hort. 23:48-51.
31. Thompson, A.K., Booth, R.H., Proctor, F.J., 1972. Onion storage in tropics. Tropical Sci. 14(1):19-34.
32. Thompson, A.K., Booth, R.H., Proctor, F.J., 1982. The storage and handling of onion. Rep. T.P.I.G. 160.
33. Tucker, W.G., 1971. Practicalities of storing the crop. Commercial Grower Feb. 12.
34. Van der Sluys, W.K.C., 1971. Artificial dehydration of different onion varieties. Interim Rep. No. 2 Canning Res. Ins. Bursa.
35. Ward, C.M., 1976. The influence of temperature on weight loss from stored onion bulbs due to desiccation, respiration and sprouting. Ann. Appl. Biol. 83:149-155.
36. Ward, C.M., Tucker, W.G., 1976. Respiration of maleic hydrazide treated and untreated onion bulbs during storage. Ann. Appl. Biol. 82:135-141.
37. Watada, A.E., Pratt. A.K., 1963. Adaptation of the Claypool-Keefer colorimetric method for CO₂ determination in vegetable crops laboratory. Univ. California. Veg. Sec. Lectures (unpublished).
38. Wills, R.B.H., Lee, T.H., Graham, D., McGlasson, W.B., Hall, E.G., 1981. Postharvest, an introduction to the physiology and handling of fruit and vegetables. The Avi Publishing Com. Inc. Connecticut.
39. Woodman, R.M., Barnell, H.R., 1937. The connexon between the keeping qualities of commercial onions and the rates of water loss during storage. Ann. Appl. Biol. 24:219-235.
40. Wright, R.C., Lauritzen, J.I., Whiteman, T.M. 1935. Influence of storage temperature and humidity on keeping qualities of onions and onion sets. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. No. 475.
41. Yamaguchi, M., Pratt, H.K., Morris, L.L., 1957. Effects of storage temperature on keeping quality and composition of onion bulbs and on subsequent darkening of dehydrated flakes. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 69:421-426.