Vaccinium Türleri ve Yüksek Boylu Maviyemiş Çeşitlerinde Çekirdek Sayısı ile Meyve Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişkiler

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 48 Sayı: (Özel Sayı 1) 6. Ulusal Üzümsü Meyveler Sempozyumu, 167 - 175, 11.12.2019

Besim Karabulut , Hüseyin Çelik

https://izlik.org/JA26PM96AA

Öz

Dünya çapında fonksiyonel gıda olarak önemi gün geçtikçe artan maviyemiş (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) gibi Türkiye’de doğal olarak yetişen çayüzümü (Vaccinium arctostaphlos L.) ile çobanüzümü (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) türlerinin ekonomik ve sağlık açısından önemi de artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada doğadan toplanan Vaccinium türleri ile kültürü yapılan yüksek boylu maviyemiş türüne ait en küçük taneli ‘Bluejay’ çeşidine ilaveten yüksek boylu maviyemiş türüne giren 8 çeşidin meyve ve çekirdek özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. İncelemelerde 500 g kaptaki meyve sayısı ve meyve ağırlığı, meyve eni ve boyu, çekirdek ağırlığı, büyük, küçük ve toplam çekirdek sayıları belirlenirken çekirdek sayısı ile diğer özellikler arasındaki ilişkiler “Pearson Correlation” analizi ile ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuçta Vaccinium türleri arasında en küçük meyveli maviyemiş çeşidinin meyve ağırlığı çayüzümü ve çobanüzümü meyvelerinden daha yüksek olmuştur (sırasıyla 1.73, 0.38 ve 0.31 g). Çekirdek ağırlıkları ise maviyemiş (0.21 mg), çayüzümü (0.11 mg) ve çobanüzümü (0.09 mg) şeklinde sıralanırken çekirdek sayıları maviyemiş (92.63 adet), çobanüzümü (60.33 adet) ve çayüzümü (49.00 adet) şeklinde sıralanmıştır. Vaccinium türleri arasında toplam çekirdek sayısı ile tüm özellikler arasında pozitif ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Yüksek boylu maviyemiş çeşitleri arasında 500 g kaptaki meyve ağırlığı dışlındaki tüm özellikler bakımından önemli farklılıklar olduğu, çekirdek sayısı ile meyve ağırlığı arasında pozitif ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vaccinium spp. , Vaccinium corymbosum , meyve , çekirdek , interaksiyon

Correlation Between Seed Number and Berry Properties in Vaccinium Species and Highbush Blueberry Varieties

https://izlik.org/JA26PM96AA

Öz

The importance of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is getting increase day by day in the world as functional foods. Wild Vacciniums (Caucasian whortleberry–Vaccinium arctostaphlos L. and Bilberry–Vaccinium myrtillus L.) naturally grown in Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. In this study, the relationships between the fruit and seed characteristics of wild Vaccinium species and ‘Bluejay’ and the fruit and seed characteristics of the 8 highbush blueberry cultivars were investigated. The number of fruits in 500 g sale container and fruit weight, fruit width and length, seed weight, number of big, small and total seed were determined. Seed number and other characteristics was determined by Pearson Correlation analysis. As a result, the berry weight of the smallest blueberry cultivar among Vaccinium species was higher than the fruit of Caucasian whortleberry and bilberry berry weight (1.73, 0.38 and 0.31 g respectively). The seed weight was listed as blueberry (0.21 mg), Caucasian whortleberry (0.11 mg) and bilberry (0.09 mg) while seed count ranked as blueberry (92.63), bilberry (60.33) and Caucasian whortleberry (49.00). It was found that there were significant differences in terms of all properties except the fruit weight in 500 g sale container and there was a positive correlation between the number of seeds and fruit weight.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vaccinium spp. , Vaccinium corymbosum , berry , seed , interaction

Kaynakça

• Arrington, M., DeVetter, L.S., 2018. Increasing honey bee hive densities promotes pollination and yield components of highbush blueberry in western Washington by. HortScience 53(2):191-194.
• Austin, M.E., Bondari, K., 1993. Fruit quality characteristics of five rabbiteye blueberry cultivars and clones. Acta Hort. 345:133-140.
• Brewer, J.W., Dobson, R.C., 1969. Seed count and berry size in relation to pollinator level and harvest date for the highbush blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum L. 1. J. of Economic Entomology 62(6):1353-1356.
• Brewer, J.W., Dobson R.C., Nelson J.W., 1969. Effects of increased pollinator levels on production of the highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum. J. Econ. Entom. 62:815-818.
• Çelik, H., 2012. Yüksek boylu maviyemiş (highbush blueberry) yetiştiriciliği. Gifimey Mesleki Yayınlar Serisi-3, ISBN: 978-605-88510-9-2, 152p.
• Darrow, G.M., 1958. Seed number in blueberry fruits. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 72:212-215.
• Dogterom, H.M., Winston, M.L., Mukai, A., 2000. Effect of pollen load size and source (self, outcross) on seed and fruit production in highbush blueberry cv. ‘Bluecrop’ (Vaccinium corymbosum; Ericaceae). American Journal of Botany 87(11):1584-1591.
• Doi, K., Nozaki, R., Takahashi, K., Iwasaki, N., 2018. Effects of number of seeds per berry on fruit growth characteristics, especially on duration of stage II in blueberry. Plants 7(96):1-9. doi:10.3390/plants7040096.
• Drummond, F., 2019. Reproductive biology of wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton). Agriculture 9(69):1-19.
• Eaton, G.W., 1967. The relationship between seed number and berry weight in open-pollinated highbush blueberries. HortScience 2:14-15.
• Ehlemnfeldt, M.K., 2001. Self and cross-fertility in recently released highbush blueberry cultivars. HortScience 36(1):133-135.
• Ehlemnfeldt, M.K., Martin, R.B., 2010. Seed set, berry weight and yield interactions in the highbush blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum L) ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Duke’. J. of Amer. Pom. Soc. 64(3):162-172.
• El-Agamy, S.Z.A., Serman, W.B., Lyrene, P.M., 1981. Fruit set and seed number from self-and cross-pollinated highbush (4×) and rabbiteye (6×) blueberries. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 106:443-445.
• Gough, R.E., 1994. Pruning. In: Gough, R.E. (ed.), The highbush blueberry and its management. p.137-150. The Haworth Press, Inc. Wormwood. Australia.
• Gupton, C.L., 1984. Effect of pollen source on fruit characteristics of low-chilling highbush type blueberries. HortScience 19(4):531-532.
• Gupton, C.L., Spiers, J.M., 1994. Interspecific and intraspecific pollination effects in rabbiteye and southern highbush blueberries. HortScience 29:324-326.
• Hall, M.R., Draper A.D., 1997. ‘Austin’ rabbiteye blueberry. HortScience 32:1295-1296.
• Harrison, R.E, Luby, J.J., Ascher P.D., 1993. Pollen source affects yield components and reproductive fertility of four half-high blueberry cultivars. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119:84-89.
• Hellman, E.W., Moore, J.N., 1983. Effect of genetic relationship to pollinizer on fruit, seed, and seedling parameters in highbush and rabbiteye blueberries. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science 108:401-405.
• Huang, Y.H., C.E., Johnson, G.A., Lang, M.D., Sundberg, 1997. Pollen sources influence early fruit growth of southern highbush blueberry. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 122(5):625-629.
• Iwasaki, N., Ono, T., Sasame, K., 2006. Effects of self or cross pollination and seed number per berry-on-berry maturation in highbush blueberry. Hort. Res. 5:153-156.
• Jackson, L.P., Aalders, L.E., Hall, I.V., 1972. Berry size and seed number in commercial lowbush blueberry fields of Nova Scotia. Naturaliste Can. 99:615-619.
• Jesson, L., Schoen, D., Cutler, C., Bates, S., 2014. Pollination in lowbush blueberry. A Summary of Research Findings from the Canadian Pollination Initiative. NSERC-CANPOLIN School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph. 42p.
• Jovasek, S.K., McKenzie, K.E., Vander Kloet, S.P., 2002. Comparative pollination effectiveness among bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidae) on lowbush blueberry (Ericaceae: Vaccinium angustifolium). Annal Entomol Soc. Amer. 95(3):345-350.
• Lang, G.A., Parrie, E.J., 1992. Pollen viability and vigor in hybrid southern highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. × spp.). HortScience 27:425-427.
• Lang, G.A., Danka, R.G., 1991. Honey bee mediated cross-versus self-pollination of ‘Sharpblue’ blueberry increases fruit size and hastens ripening. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 116:770-773.
• Lang, G.A., Danka R.G., 1991. Honey bee mediated cross versus self-pollination of ‘Sharpblue’ blueberry increases fruit size and hastens ripening. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 116:770-773.
• Lyrene, P.M., 1989. Pollen source influences fruiting of ‘Sharpblue’ blueberry. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114:995-999.
• McKenzie, K.E., 1997. Pollination requirements of three highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivar. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 122(6):891-896.
• Makus, D.J., Morris, J.R., 1993. A comparison of fruit of highbush and rabbiteye blueberry cultivars. J. of Food Quality 16:417-428.
• Miller, S., Alspach, P., Scalzo, J., Meekings, J., 2011. Pollination of ‘hortblue petite’ blueberry: evidence of metaxenia in a new ornamental home-garden cultivar. HortScience 46:1468-1471.
• Moore, J.N., B.D. Reynolds, Brown, G.R., 1972. Effects of seed number, size and development on fruit size of cultivated blueberries. HortScience 7:268-269.
• Rabaey, A., Luby, J., 1988. Fruit set in half-high blueberry genotypes following self and cross pollination. Fruit Varieties Journal. 42:126-129.
• Ratemales, J.B., Hancock, J.F., 2018. Blueberries. 2. Ed. CABI Publ. 323p.
• Siefker, J.H., Hancock J.F., 1986. Yield component interactions in cultivars of the highbush blueberry. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 111:606-608.
• Strik, B.C., Finn C., Vollmer E., 2012. Seed set and berry development in commercially-grown blueberry cultivars. Poster Board #288. 2012 ASHS Annual Conference.
• Suzuki, A., Kawata, N., 2001. Relationship between a thesis and harvest date in highbush blueberry. J. Jpn. Soc. Hort. Sci. 70:60-62.
• Suzuki, A., Shimizu, T., Aoba, K., 1998. Effects of leaf/fruit ratio and pollen density on highbush blueberry fruit quality and maturation. J. Jpn. Soc. Hort. Sci. 67:739-743.
• Yarborough, D.E., 2006. Blueberry pruning and pollination. pp:75-83. In: N.F. Childers (ed.), Blueberries for growers, gardeners, promoters. Horticultural Publications. Gainesville. Florida.