Mildiyöye (Plasmopara viticola) Dayanıklı/Tolerant Üzüm Türleriyle İlgili Araştırmalar

Öz

Bağcılık, Anadolu’da çok eski zamanlardan beri yapılan tarımsal bir faaliyettir. Ülkemiz asma gen merkezlerinden biridir. Geniş alanlarda yetiştiriciliği yapılan üzümün iç tüketim ve ihracatta önemli bir yeri bulunmaktadır. Üzümler sofralık, kurutmalık, şıralık-şaraplık olarak kullanım amaçlarına göre üretilirler. Ülkemizin hemen hemen her bölgesinde bağcılık yapılabilmesine karşın sofralık üzüm yetiştiriciliği Ege, Marmara ve Akdeniz Bölgelerimizde daha yaygındır. Mantari hastalıkların varlığı, üzüm yetiştiriciliğinde, üretim yapılacak ekolojiyi ve çeşit seçimini kısıtlar. Hastalıklarla mücadele girdi maliyetlerini arttırmakta ve çevre üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratmaktadır. Bu nedenle son yıllarda hastalıklara dayanıklı çeşitlerin önemi giderek artmıştır. Bu hastalıkların başında Külleme (Uncinula necator) ve Mildiyö (Plasmopara viticola) hastalıkları gelmektedir. Mantari hastalıklar nedeniyle sofralık kalitesi yüksek çeşitlerin nemli bölgelerde üretimi ancak yoğun kimyasal ilaç kullanımıyla mümkün olmaktadır. Hastalıklara dayanıklı çeşitlerin seçimi ve üretiminin yaygınlaşması ekonomik tasarruf ve bağ tarımı için sürdürülebilirlik sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada mildiyö (Plasmopara viticola) hastalığıyla ilgili, üzüm çeşitlerinin dayanıklılık, tolerans ve hassasiyetlerinin belirlenmesi, hastalığın bitkinin gelişim evrelerindeki oluşumu, ırka özgü dayanıklılık, ekolojinin hastalık gelişimine etkisiyle ilgili son yıllarda yapılmış araştırmalara yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekoloji
• mantari hastalık
• dayanıklılık

Downy Mildew (Plasmopara viticola) Resistant/Tolerance Grape Variety Researches

Öz

Viticulture is an agricultural activity made since ancient times in Anatolia. Our country is one of grapevine genes center. Grape grown large areas holds an important place in domestic consumption and exports. Grapes are classified as table, raisin, juice-wine depend on the production purposes. Although it can be done in almost every region of our country viticulture, table grape growing is common mainly in Aegean, Marmara and Mediterranean regions. Fungal diseases can limit grape growing areas and also cultivars. The fight against diseases increases input costs and also have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, importance of disease resistant cultivars has increased in recent years. Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) and Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) are one of the most important diseases. Due to fungal diseases high quality table grapes only can grow with intensive spray applications. Selection of disease resistance cultivars and expansion of cultivation will cause economic savings and also sustainable viticulture. In this study, latest downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) disease researches mainly related with resistance grape varieties, the determination of tolerance and sensitivity, formation in plant development stage of the disease, race-specific resistance, effect of ecology for disease spread were analyzed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ecology
• fungal disease
• resistance

Kaynakça

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