Patlıcanda Toprak Kökenli Fungal Etmenlere Karşı Çoklu Dayanıklılık Geliştirmek İçin Gen Piramitleme Çalışmaları

Öz

Dünya genelinde açıkta ve örtüaltında geniş ekiliş alanı olan patlıcanın yetiştiriciliğini kısıtlayan en önemli faktörler toprak kökenli patojenlerdir. Bunlardan özellikle Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melongenae ve Verticillium dahliae’nin neden olduğu solgunluk hastalıkları, verim kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Hastalık etmenleri ile mücadelede çevre dostu ve en kalıcı yöntem, dayanıklı çeşit kullanmaktır. Ancak bu hastalıklara dayanıklı kültür formunda ticari çeşit geliştirme çalışmalarından henüz yeterli düzeyde çıktılara ulaşılamamıştır. Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde 2015-2021 yılları arasında yürütülen araştırmalar kapsamında, heterozis ve geriye melezleme metodu kullanılarak bitki ve meyve özellikleri bakımından arzu edilen özelliklere sahip, aynı zamanda Fusarium ve Verticillium solgunluk etmenlerine dayanıklılık sağlayan genleri de bulunduran ıslah hatları geliştirilmiştir. Böylece birden fazla hastalığa dayanıklılık gösteren nitelikli ticari çeşit ıslahı için gen piramitlemesi tekniğinden yararlanma esasında çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Çoklu dayanıklılık gösteren ıslah hatlarının çeşit geliştirme programlarında kullanılması ile birlikte kısa sürede ticari çeşitler geliştirmenin yolu açılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fusarium
• Verticillium
• dayanıklılık
• verim
• meyve kalitesi
• bitki yapısal özellikleri

Gene Pyramiding Studies to Develop Multiple Resistances Against Soilborne Fungi in Eggplant

Öz

Soil-borne pathogens are the most important factors limiting the cultivation of eggplant, which has a wide cultivation area in the open and under cover all over the world. Especially wilt diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melongenae and Verticillium dahliae, leads to yield losses. The most environmentally friendly and most permanent method of combating disease agents is to use resistant varieties. However, sufficient outputs have not been reached yet from commercial cultivar development studies in the form of culture resistant to these diseases. Within the scope of the research carried out at the Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute between 2015-2021, breeding lines with the desired characteristics in terms of plant and fruit characteristics, as well as genes that provide resistance to Fusarium and Verticillium wilt fungi, were developed using the heterosis and backcross method. Thus, studies are carried out on the basis of utilizing the gene pyramiding technique for the breeding of qualified commercial varieties that are resistant to more than one disease. The use of breeding lines showing multiple resistance in cultivar development programs paved the way for developing commercial cultivars in a short time.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fusarium
• Verticillium
• yield
• resistance
• fruit quality
• plant architecture features

Kaynakça

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