Determination of Fire Blight (Erwinia amylovora) Resistance in Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Cultivars and Genotypes Using Biochemical Indicators

Öz

Pear (Pyrus communis L.) production worldwide exceeds 26 million tons, with over 70% of this production occurring in China. The most significant disease that seriously reduces pear yield is fire blight, caused by the bacterial pathogen Erwinia amylovora. In terms of disease resistance, it is known that biochemical characteristics such as phenolic compounds play an important role in addition to the genetic characteristics of the variety. This study aimed to compare the resistance levels of fire blight disease-resistant genotypes and susceptible cultivars using certain chemical analyses. According to the results, average the soluble solid content (SSC) ratio and pH value were found to be statistically significantly higher in resistant genotypes, while the total phenol value, catechin, and arbutin amounts were also found to be higher in resistant genotypes compared to susceptible cultivars. On the other hand, although titratable acidity (TA), total flavonoid and chlorogenic acid content were higher in susceptible varieties compared to resistant varieties, the results were not statistically significant. Among all cultivars and genotypes, genotype II-14-37 was found to have the highest values for total phenol, total flavonoid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, and arbutin content compared to the others. These results indicate that phenolic compounds play an important role in the resistance mechanism against fire blight in pears and that catechin and arbutin levels, in particular, can be used as potential biochemical indicators. Furthermore, SSC and pH values can also be added to these results as appropriate biochemical analyses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pear
• Erwinia amylovora
• Fire Blight
• HPLC
• phenolic compounds

Armut (Pyrus communis L.) Çeşit ve Genotiplerinde Ateş Yanıklığı (Erwinia amylovora) Hastalığına Dayanıklılığın Biyokimyasal Göstergeler Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi

Öz

Armut (Pyrus communis L.) üretimi dünya genelinde 26 milyon tonun üzerindedir ve bu üretimin yaklaşık %70'den fazlası Çin'de gerçekleştirilmektedir. Armut verimini ciddi anlamda düşüren en önemli hastalık ise bakteriyel bir etmen olan Erwinia amylovora'nın neden olduğu ateş yanıklığıdır. Hastalığa dayanıklılık durumunda, çeşidin genetik özelliklerinin yanı sıra fenolik maddeler gibi biyokimyasal özelliklerin de önemli rol oynadığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ateş yanıklığı hastalığına dayanıklı genotipler ve duyarlı çeşitlerdeki dayanıklılık durumlarının bazı kimyasal analizlerle karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; dayanıklı genotiplerde ortalama suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM) oranı ve pH değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunurken, toplam fenol değeri, kateşin ve arbutin miktarları da dayanıklı genotiplerde duyarlı çeşitlere göre yüksek bulunmuştur. Öte yandan, TA miktarı, toplam flavonoid ve klorogenik asit miktarı ise duyarlı çeşitlerde dayanıklılara göre daha yüksek sonuç vermesine rağmen sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmamıştır. Tüm çeşit ve genotipler arasında, II-14-37 numaralı genotipin, toplam fenol, toplam flavonoid, klorogenik asit, kateşin ve arbutin miktarları bakımından diğerlerine göre en yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, fenolik bileşiklerin armutta ateş yanıklığına karşı dayanıklılık mekanizmasında önemli rol oynadığını ve özellikle kateşin ve arbutin seviyelerinin potansiyel biyokimyasal göstergeler olarak kullanılabileceğini, ayrıca SÇKM ve pH değerlerinin de uygun biyokimyasal analizler olarak bu sonuçlara eklenebileceğini işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Armut
• Erwinia amylovora
• Ateş Yanıklığı
• HPLC
• fenolik bileşikler

Kaynakça

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