Eğirdir/Isparta Koşullarında Bazı Ceviz Çeşitlerinin Fenolojileri ve Meyve Gelişimi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Eğirdir/Isparta ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilen bazı ceviz (Juglans regia L.) çeşitlerinin fenolojik özellikleri ile meyve büyüme dinamiklerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, “Bazı Ceviz Çeşitlerinde Meyve Gelişim Döneminde Meydana Gelen Pomolojik ve Biyokimyasal Değişimlerin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Araştırmalar” adlı yüksek lisans tez çalışmasının ön bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Bitki materyali olarak 12 yaşlı ‘Bilecik’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Franquette’, ‘Maraş 12’ ve ‘Pedro’ ceviz çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Yapraklanma, çiçeklenme, hasat ve yaprak dökümü dönemleri UPOV tanımlayıcılarına göre belirlenmiştir. Meyve gelişimi boyunca meyve eni, meyve boyu, yeşil kabuk ağırlığı ve iç ağırlığındaki değişimler izlenmiştir. Çeşitler arasında en erken yapraklanma ‘Maraş 12’de, en geç yapraklanma ise ‘Franquette’te gerçekleşmiştir. ‘Bilecik’ protogini, diğer çeşitler ise protandri özelliği göstermiştir. Yapraklanmadan hasada kadar geçen süre ‘Franquette’te 156 gün, ‘Pedro’da ise 178 gün olarak belirlenmiştir. Meyve eni ve boyu, meyve tutumundan sonraki ilk 6-8 haftada hızlı artış göstermiştir. Yeşil kabuk ağırlığı basit sigmoid, iç ağırlığı ise çift sigmoid büyüme modeli sergilemiştir. Geç yapraklanmaları nedeniyle ‘Pedro’, ‘Chandler’ ve özellikle ‘Franquette’ çeşitleri geç ilkbahar donlarının görüldüğü bölgeler için uygun bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Juglans regia L.
• yapraklanma
• meyve gelişme eğrisi
• basit sigmoid
• çift sigmoid

Phenology and Fruit Growth of Some Walnut Cultivars in Eğirdir/Isparta Conditions

Öz

This study was conducted under the ecological conditions of Eğirdir/Isparta to determine the phenological characteristics and fruit growth dynamics of five walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. The study constitutes a preliminary part of the M.Sc. thesis entitled “Research on the Determination of Pomological and Biochemical Changes During the Fruit Development Period of Some Walnut Cultivars.” Twelve-year-old trees of ‘Bilecik’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Franquette’, ‘Maraş 12’, and ‘Pedro’ were used as plant material. Phenological stages, including leaf emergence, flowering, harvest, and leaf fall, were determined according to UPOV descriptors. Fruit growth and development were evaluated by monitoring fruit width, fruit length, green hull weight, and kernel weight throughout the vegetation period. Among the cultivars, ‘Maraş 12’ exhibited the earliest leaf emergence, whereas ‘Franquette’ was the latest. ‘Bilecik’ was identified as protogynous, while the other cultivars were protandrous. The period from leaf emergence to harvest ranged from 156 days in ‘Franquette’ to 178 days in ‘Pedro’. Fruit width and length increased rapidly during the first 6-8 weeks after fruit set, reaching approximately 40-43 mm and 47-54 mm, respectively. Green hull weight followed a simple sigmoid growth pattern, while kernel weight exhibited a double sigmoid growth pattern and ranged from 5.65 to 8.54 g at harvest. Due to their late leaf emergence, ‘Pedro’, ‘Chandler’, and particularly ‘Franquette’ may be suitable cultivars for regions prone to late spring frosts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Juglans regia L.
• leafing time
• fruit development curve
• simple sigmoid
• double sigmoid

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