Bitkilerde Melatoninin Gün ve Yıl İçerisindeki Değişimi ve Yaşlanma Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bugün varlığı hemen hemen tüm canlı organizmalarda kanıtlanan bir molekül olan melatonin (N-asetil-5-methoksitriptamin), ilk olarak 1958 yılında sığır beyin üstü bezinden izole edilen bir indolamindir. Son zamanlarda bitkisel bir hormon olarak kabul edilmesinin yanında reaktif oksijen ve azot türlerini ortamdan uzaklaştırma özelliğine sahip olmasından dolayı geniş spektrumlu antioksidan olarak bilinmektedir. Bitkilerde fotoperyodik düzenleyici veya 24 saatlik ritim düzenleyici olarak görev aldığı ifade edilen bu molekülün hayvanlarda ve insanlarda da günlük ve yıllık ritmi kontrol ettiği yapılan yoğun çalışmalar sonucunda bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca melatoninin türe göre değişmekle beraber miktarının özellikle gece veya karanlıkta arttığı ve bazı bitkilerde gün içerisinde ikince kez pik yaptığı da araştırmalar sonucu ortaya konmuştur. Melatoninin bitkilerin ve tohumların yaşlanma metabolizmasında sahip olduğu rol ise tam olarak anlaşılmış değildir. Ancak son araştırmalar melatoninin yaşlanma üzerine olumlu etkisinin, yaşlanmaya neden olan ve yaşlanmayı geciktiren fitohormonların etkisi ile yakından ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu derlemede bitki dokularındaki melatoninin gün ve yıl içerisindeki değişimi ve yaşlanma üzerine etkisi hakkında detaylı bilgi verilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Melatonin
• sirkadiyal ritim
• yaşlanma
• tohum canlılığı

Diurnal and Seasonal Changes in Melatonin Content and Its Effect on Ageing in Plants

Öz

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indolamine which was first isolated from bovine pineal gland in 1958 and since its discovery, it’s been identified in almost all life forms. In addition to being regarded as a phytohormone recently, it is known as a broad spectrum antioxidant due to its ability to remove reactive oxygen and nitrogen species from the environment. Extensive research demonstrated that this molecule, which is stated to act as a photoperiodic regulator or 24-hour rhythm regulator in plants, controls the daily and annual rhythm in animals and humans as well. In addition, studies have shown that although the tissue melatonin content varies from species to species, its concentration is known to increase especially at night or in the dark, and in some plants it peaks twice a day. The role of melatonin in the ageing metabolism of plants or seeds has not been completely demonsrated. However, latest research has shown that the positive effect of melatonin on aging is closely related to the effect of phytohormones that regulate or delay aging. This review mainly focuses on diurnal and seosanal change in melatonin content of plant tissues and its effect on aging.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Melatonin
• circadian rhythm
• ageing
• seed viability

Kaynakça

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