Granny Smith Elma Çeşidinde Farklı Depolama Tekniklerinin Toplam Fenol ve Antioksidan Aktivitesi Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 45 Sayı: (Özel Sayı 1) 7. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, 1181 - 1186, 31.03.2016

Özgür Çalhan , Tuba Topçu , Atakan Güneyli , Cemile Ebru Onursal , İsa Eren

Öz

Granny Smith elma çeşidinde erken (EH) ve optimum (OH) zamanlarda yapılan hasatlardan elde edilen meyveler 0℃ ve %85-90 RH koşullarında normal atmosferde (NA), %90-95 RH koşullarında kontrollü atmosfer (KA) ve dinamik kontrollü atmosferde (DKA) muhafaza edilmiştir. Depolama öncesinde NA ve KA depolama koşullarına konan meyvelere hasat sonrası metilsiklopropen (1-MCP) (1 µL/L) ve difenilamin (DPA) (2000 mg/L) uygulamaları da yapılmıştır. Tüm uygulamalar sonunda meyveler NA koşullarında 8 ay, KA ve DKA koşullarında 10 süreyle depolama yapılmıştır. Depolamadan her 2 ayda bir numuneler alınmıştır. Alınan numunelerin yarısı raf ömrü koşullarında (20℃ ve %60-65 RH) 10 gün bekletilmiştir. Hem soğuk depolamadan hem de raf ömrü sonundaki meyvelerden örnekler alınarak -80℃’de bekletilmiştir. Tüm meyve depolamaları tamamlandıktan sonra meyvelerin toplam fenol (TF) ve antioksidan aktivitesi (AA) analizleri yapılmıştır. Uygulamalar üzerine TF önemsiz iken AA istatistiki olarak önemli çıkmış ve en yüksek değerler 1-MCP uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Hasat tarihi TF ve AA üzerine etkili olmuş ve EH meyveler daha düşük değerler almıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Granny Smith , toplam fenol , antioksidan aktivitesi , depolama

Effect of Different Storage Techniques on Total Phenol and Antioxidant Activity in Apple cv. Granny Smith

Öz

Fruits obtained from early (EH) and optimum (OH) harvested in Granny Smith apple cultivars stored at 0ºC and 85-90% relative humidity (RH) in regular atmosphere (RA), at 90±5% RH in controlled atmosphere (CA) (1% CO₂-1.5% O₂) and in dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA) (0.7-0.8% O₂-1% CO₂). Fruits, stored in RA and CA conditions, were treated with postharvest treatments methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (1 mL/L) and diphenylamine (DPA) (2000 mg/L). All pre-storage treatments were completed after fruits were stored for 8 months in RA condition and for 10 months in CA and DCA conditions. Fruits were removed cold storage 2 months intervals. The half of removed fruits were held shelf-life condition (20℃ and 60-65% RH) for 10 days. Fruit examples were taken on the day of removal from storage and on the 10th day of ripening and held at -80℃ by the time analyzed. At the end of all storage periods, collected fruits samples were analyzed total phenol (TP) and antioxidant activity (AA). While between pre-treatments of Granny Smith was found not to influence on TP, it was statically effective on AA and 1-MCP treated was higher value than other treatments. Harvest date of fruit was effective on TP and AA and EH fruits were lower TP and AA values than those of OH fruits.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Granny Smith , total phenol , antioxidant activity , storage

Kaynakça

• Benzie, I.F., Strain, J.J., 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239(1):70-76.
• Eren, İ., 2003. M9 Anacı üzerine aşılı elma çeşitlerinin derim zamanlarının belirlenmesi ve uygun depolama koşullarının araştırılması. Meyvecilik Araştırma İstasyonu, Yayın No:19, 68s.
• Fawbush, F., Nock, J.F., Watkins, C.B., 2009. Antioxidant contents and activity of 1methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)- treated ‘Empire’ apples in air and controlled atmosphere storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 52(1):30-37.
• Francini, A. and Sebastiani, L., 2013. Phenolic Compounds in Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.):Compounds Characterization and Stability During Postharvest and After Processing. Antioxidants 2013, 2:181-193.
• Hoang, N.T., Golding, J.B., Wilkes, M.A., 2011. The effect of postharvest 1-MCP treatment and storage atmosphere on ‘Cripps Pink’ apple phenolics and antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 127(3):1249-1256.
• Kähkönen, M. P., Hopia, A. I., Vuorela, H. J., Rauha, J. P., Pihlaja, K., Kujala, T. S., Heinonen, M., 1999. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47(10):3954-3962.
• Kevers, C., Pincemail, J., Tabart, J., Defraigne, J.O., Dommes, J., 2011. Influence of cultivar, harvest time, storage conditions, and peeling on the antioxidant capacity and phenolic and ascorbic acid contents of apples and pears. J. Agric. Food Chem., 59(11):6165-6171.
• Kim, D.O., Jeong, S.W., Lee, C.Y., 2003. Antioxidant capacity of phenolic phytochemicals from various cultivars of plums. Food Chem., 81(3):321-326.
• Van der Sluis, A.A., Dekker, M., de Jager, A., Jongen, W.M.F., 2001. Activity and concentration of polyphenolic antioxidants in apple: Effect of cultivar, harvest year, and storage conditions. J. Agric. Food Chem., 49:3606–3613.
• Vanzo, A., Jenko, M., Vrhovsek, U., Stopar, M., 2013. Metabolomic profiling and sensorial quality of Golden Delicious, Liberty, Santana, and Topaz apples grown using organic and integrated production systems. J. Agric. Food Chem., 61(26):6580-6587.
• Wang, H., Cao, G., Prior, R.L., 1996. Total antioxidant capacity of fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem., 44(3):701-705.
• Waterhouse, A.L., 2002. Determination of total phenolics. Current protocols in food analytical chemistry, 111-118.