HEMŞİRELİKTE ÖNEMLİ BİR SORUN: ZORBALIK (BULLYING)

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 126 - 129, 31.08.2014

Öznur Körükcü Nezaket Yıldırım Kamile Kukulu

Öz

Hemşirelikte zorbalık kavramı hemşirelerin meslektaşları, hekimler, yöneticiler, hasta/hasta yakınları ve diğer sağlık çalışanları tarafından uygulanan, fiziksel ve psikolojik olarak bireyleri etkileyen her türlü düşmanca tutumu kapsamaktadır. Hemşirelik disiplininde zorbalık davranışlarına zemin hazırlayan önemli faktörler; eğitim seviyesi ve yaş farklılıkları, meslekte deneyimsizlik, yenilikçilik, pasif kişilik, düşük özgüven ve benlik saygısı olarak sıralanabilir. Hemşirelerin iş yerinde yaşadıkları zorbalık, hemşireler üzerindeki fiziksel, psikolojik ve spiritüel açıdan olumsuz sonuçları ile hemşireler tarafından küresel olarak ele alınması gereken önemli bir konu niteliğindedir. Hemşirelikte zorbalık konusunda yapılan araştırmalar gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu derleme hemşirelikte yaşanan zorbalık davranışlarını araştıran çalışmaları bir araya toplamak ve konunun önemini vurgulamak amacı ile hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemşirelik, psikolojik şiddet

AN IMPORTANT PROBLEM IN NURSING: BULLYING

Öz

The concept of bullying in nursing contains the every kind of the hostile activities, which are practiced by colleagues, physicians, managers, patients/patient relatives and the other health care personals, and that are affected to individuals psychically and psychologically. The important factors that precipitate bullying behaviors in nursing discipline can be lined up as the difference between the education levels and age of nurses, inexperience in profession, innovativeness, passive personality, low self-esteem and self-confidence. Bullying, which is experienced by nurses at workplace, is a major issue that must be handled as a global by nurses with the negative consequences of physical, psychological and spiritual aspects on nurses. The researches about bullying in nursing increase day after day. This review is prepared to gather together the evidence that investigating of bullying behaviors in nursing and emphasize the importance of the issue.practiced by colleagues, physicians, managers, patients/patient relatives and the other health care personals, and that are affected to individuals psychically and psychologically. The important factors that precipitate bullying behaviors in nursing discipline can be lined up as the difference between the education levels and age of nurses, inexperience in profession, innovativeness, passive personality, low self-esteem and self-confidence. Bullying, which is experienced by nurses at workplace, is a major issue that must be handled as a global by nurses with the negative consequences of physical, psychological and spiritual aspects on nurses. The researches about bullying in nursing increase day after day. This review is prepared to gather together the evidence that investigating of bullying behaviors in nursing and emphasize the importance of the issue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nursing, psychological violence

Kaynakça

• 1. Jackson D, Clare J, Mannix J. Who would want to be nurse? Violence in the workplace- a factor in recruitment and retention. Journal of Nursing Management. 2002; 10: 13-20.
• 2. Tetik S. Mobbing kavramı: Birey ve örgütler açısından önemi. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2010; 12 (18): 81-89.
• 3. Temizel Y. Mobbing ve Türk Hukuk Sistemindeki yeri. Adalet Dergisi. 2013; 45: 188-223.
• 4. Tutar H, Akbolat M. Sağlık çalışanlarının yönetici cinsiyetleri bakımından mobbing algıları. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2012; 28: 19-29.
• 5. Björkqvist K, Österman K, Hjelt-Back M. Aggression among university employees. Aggressive Behavior. 1994; 20: 173-184.
• 6. Cooper B, Curzio J. Peer bullying in a pre-registration student nursing population. Nurse Education Today. 2012; 32: 939-944.
• 7. Salin D. Ways of explaining workplace bullying: a review of enabling, motivating and precipitating structures and processes in the work environment. Human Relations. 2003; 56: 1213-1232.
• 8. Yıldırım A, Yıldırım D. Mobbing in the workplace by peers and managers: mobbing experienced by nurses working in health care facilities in Turkey and its effect on nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2007; 16: 1444-1453.
• 9. Randle J. Bullying in the nursing profession. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2003; 43 (4), 395-401.
• 10. Leymann H. The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. 1996; 5 (2): 165-184.
• 11. Yıldırım D. Bullying among nurses and its effects. International Nursing Review. 2009; 56: 504-511
• 12. Rayner C, Höel H. A summary review of literature relating to workplace bullying. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. 1997; 7: 181-191.
• 13. Özdemir S, Tosun B, Bebiş H, Yava A. Hemşire kaleminden mobbing: iş yerinde psikolojik saldırı. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2013;12(2):183-192.
• 14. Lewis MA. Nurse bullying: organizational considerations in the maintenance and perpetration of health care bullying cultures. Journal of Nursing Management. 2006; 14: 52-58.
• 15. Croft RK, Cash P. Deconstructing contributing factors to bullying and lateral violence in nursing using a postcolonial feminist lens. Contemporary Nurse. 2012; 42(2): 226-242.
• 16. Ferrinho P, Biscaia A, Fronteira I, Craveiro I, Antunes AR, Conceição C, Flores I, Santos O. Patterns of perceptions of workplace violence in the Portuguese health care sector. Human Resources for Health. 2003; 1: 1-11.
• 17. Efe SY, Ayaz S. Mobbing against nurses in the workplace in Turkey. International Nursing Review. 2011; 57: 328-334.
• 18. Johnson SL, Rea RE. Workplace bullying: concerns for nurse leaders. Journal of Nursing Administration. 2009; 39(2): 84-90.
• 19. Kamchuchat C, Chongsuvivatwong V, Oncheunjit S, Yip TW, Sangthong R. Workplace violence directed at nursing staff at a general hospital in southern Thailand. Journal of Occupational Health. 2008; 50: 201-207.
• 20. Pai HS, Lee S. Risk factors for workplace violence in clinical registered nurses in Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2011; 20: 1405-1412.
• 21. Yıldırım A, Yıldırım D. Development and psychometric evaluation of workplace psychologically violent behaviours instrument. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2008; 17: 1361-1370.
• 22. Rutherford A, Rissel C. A survey of workplace bullying in a health sector organisation. Australian Health Review. 2004; 28: 65-72.
• 23. Farrel GA, Bobrowski C, Bobrowski P. Scoping workplace aggression in nursing: findings from an Australian study. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2006; 55(6):778-787.
• 24. Rosenstein AH, O’Daniel M. Behavior outcomes: Nurses & Physicians. Nursing Management. 2005; 36(1):18-29.
• 25. Chipps EM, McRury M. The development of an educational ıntervention to address workplace bullying. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development. 2012; 28(3): 94-98.
• 26. Stanley KM, Martin MM, Michel Y, Welton JM, Nemeth LS. Examining lateral violence in the nursing workforce. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2007; 28: 1247-1265.
• 27. Woelfle CY, McCaffrey R. Nurse on nurse. Nursing Forum. 2007; 42 (3): 123-131.
• 28. Paterson B, McComish A, Aitken I. Abuse and bullying. Nursing Management. 1997; 3 (10): 8-9.
• 29. Bowles C, Candela L. First job experiences of recent RN graduates: improving the work environment. Journal of Nursing Administration. 2005; 35(3):130-137.
• 30. Lin YH, Liu HE. The impact of workplace violence on nurses in South Taiwan. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2005; 42: 773-778.
• 31. Chen WC, Hwu HG, Kung SM, Chiu HJ, Wang JD. Prevalence and determinants of workplace violence of health care workers in a psychiatric hospital in Taiwan. Journal of Occupational Health. 2008; 50: 288-293.
• 32. Losa Iglesias ME, Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo R. Prevalence of bullying at work and its association with self-esteem scores in a Spanish nurse sample. Contemporary Nurse. 2012; 42(1): 2-10.
• 33. McKenna BG, Smith NA, Poole SJ. Horizontal violence: experiences of Registered Nurses in their first year of practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2003; 42(1): 90-96.
• 34. Simons S. Workplace bullying experienced by Massachusetts Registered Nurses and the relationship to ıntention to leave the organization. Advances in Nursing Science. 2008;31 (2): 48-59.
• 35. Niedl K. Mobbing and wellbeing. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. 1996; 5: 239-249.
• 36. Royal College of Nursing (RCN) Working well initiative, bullying and harassment at work: a good practice guide for RCN negotiators and health care managers. RCN, London (2002).
• 37. Hecker T. Workplace mobbing: a discussion for librarians. Journal of Academic Librarianship. 2007; 33 (4): 439-445.
• 38. Bilgel N, Aytac S, Bayram N. Bullying in Turkish white-collar workers. Occupational Medicine. 2006; 56: 226-231.
• 39. Fox S, Stallworth LE. Racial/ethnic bullying: exploring links between bullying and racism in the US workplace. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2003; 66: 438-456.