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The Effects of Prenatal Depression Levels on Prenatal Attachment: The Moderating Role of Childhood Trauma Experiences

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 268 - 275, 28.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1335795

Öz

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of childhood traumas (ACE) and prenatal depression (BECK) on prenatal attachment. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 277 women in Ankara, Turkey who were pregnant from 05/01/2022 to 09/01/2022. The pregnant women in the sample were administered the prenatal attachment scale, prenatal depression scale, and childhood trauma scale. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and quantile regression analysis. Results: The women's childhood trauma experiences mean score was 2.25±1.47 (min-max: 0.00-6.00), prenatal attachment mean score was 42.50±9.82 (min-max: 21.00-67.00), and depression mean score was 7.44±8.45 (min-max: 0.00-37.00). In terms of tau values, the R2 values for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd quantile values were found to be 0.014, 0.016 and 0.007, respectively. According to these results, while the BECK variable was statistically significant for tau=0.25, the ACE variable was not. In the model, the BECK and ACE variables are statistically significant for tau=0.50 but not for tau=0.75. Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated that prenatal attachment levels can be negatively impacted by childhood traumas and prenatal depression. By taking necessary precautions and implementing programs, it is possible to positively impact prenatal attachment.

Kaynakça

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth edit). American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Arguz Cildir, D., Ozbek, A., Topuzoglu, A., Orcin, E., & Janbakhishov, C. E. (2020). Association of prenatal attachment and early childhood emotional, behavioral, and developmental characteristics: A longitudinal study. Infant Mental Health Journal, 41(4), 517-529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-013-0357-8
  • Avalos, L. A., Raine-Bennett, T., Chen, H., Adams, A. S., & Flanagan, T. (2016). Improved perinatal depression screening, treatment, and outcomes with a universal obstetric program. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 127(5), 917. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000001403
  • Barnett, W., Pellowski, J., Kuo, C., Koen, N., Donald, K. A., Zar, H. J., & Stein, D. J. (2019). Food-insecure pregnant women in South Africa: a cross-sectional exploration of maternal depression as a mediator of violence and trauma risk factors. BMJ Open, 9(3), e018277. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018277
  • Berthelot, N., Lemieux, R., Garon‐Bissonnette, J., & Muzik, M. (2020). Prenatal attachment, parental confidence, and mental health in expecting parents: the role of childhood trauma. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 65(1), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.13034
  • Bjelica, A., Cetkovic, N., Trninic-Pjevic, A., & Mladenovic-Segedi, L. (2018). The phenomenon of pregnancy—A psychological view. Ginekologia Polska, 89(2), 102–106. https://doi.org/10.5603/GP.a2018.0017
  • Brown, R. H., Eisner, M., Walker, S., Tomlinson, M., Fearon, P., Dunne, M. P., ... & Murray, A. L. (2021). The impact of maternal adverse childhood experiences and prenatal depressive symptoms on foetal attachment: Preliminary evidence from expectant mothers across eight middle-income countries. Journal of Affective Disorders, 295, 612-619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.066
  • Caglayan, I. S. C., Cicek, A. U., Yilmaz, Y., & Sahin, A. E. (2022). The Role of Childhood Trauma on Prenatal Attachment: A Cross-Sectional Study. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 10–1097. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001610
  • Camacho, K. G., Vargens, O., Progianti, J. M., & Spindola, T. (2010). Living repercussions and transformations of a pregnancy: Pregnant’s perspective. Ciencia y Enfermería, 16, 115–125.
  • Chen, M., Wang, G., Sun, X., Meng, M., Jiang, Y., Sun, W., ... & Jiang, F. (2023). The effects of maternal prenatal depression on child mental health: The moderating role of maternal childhood trauma. Journal of Affective Disorders, 324, 403-409. Living repercussions and transformations of a pregnancy: Pregnant’s perspective. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.109
  • Cheraghi, P., & Jamshidimanesh, M. (2022). Relationship Between Maternal-Fetal Attachment With Anxiety and Demographic Factors in High-risk Pregnancy Primipara Women. Iran Journal of Nursing, 34(134), 46-59.
  • Christie, H., Talmon, A., Schäfer, S. K., De Haan, A., Vang, M. L., Haag, K., Gilbar, O., Alisic, E., & Brown, E. (2017). The transition to parenthood following a history of childhood maltreatment: a review of the literature on prospective and new parents’ experiences. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(sup7), 1492834. https://doi.org/0.1080/20008198.2018.1492834
  • De Bellis, M. D., & Zisk, A. (2014). The biological effects of childhood trauma. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 23(2), 185–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.01.002
  • Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American journal of preventive medicine, 14(4), 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8
  • Fields, K., Shreffler, K. M., Ciciolla, L., Baraldi, A. N., & Anderson, M. (2022). Maternal childhood adversity and prenatal depression: the protective role of father support. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-022-01278-w
  • Goecke, T. W., Voigt, F., Faschingbauer, F., Spangler, G., Beckmann, M. W., & Beetz, A. (2012). The association of prenatal attachment and perinatal factors with pre-and postpartum depression in first-time mothers. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 286, 309-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2286-6
  • Grigoriadis, S., VonderPorten, E. H., Mamisashvili, L., Tomlinson, G., Dennis, C. L., Koren, G., ... & Ross, L. E. (2013). The impact of maternal depression during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 74(4), 8615. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.12r07968
  • Hicks, L. M., Dayton, C. J., Brown, S., Muzik, M., & Raveau, H. (2018). Mindfulness moderates depression and quality of prenatal attachment in expectant parents. Mindfulness, 9(5), 1604–1614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0907-2
  • Hinesley, J., Amstadter, A., Sood, A., Perera, R. A., Ramus, R., & Kornstein, S. (2020). Adverse childhood experiences, maternal/fetal attachment, and maternal mental health. Women's Health Reports, 1(1), 550-555. https://doi.org/10.1089/whr.2020.0085
  • Kara, P., & Nazik, E. (2021). Effects of anxiety and social support levels on the prenatal attachment of pregnant women with preeclampsia. Cukurova Medical Journal, 46(3), 889–896. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.894664
  • Koenker, R. (2021). quantreg: Quantile Regression. R package version 5.95. URL https://cran.r-project.org/package=quantreg
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  • Lefkovics, E., Baji, I., & Rigó, J. (2014). Impact of maternal depression on pregnancies and on early attachment. Infant mental health journal, 35(4), 354-365. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21450
  • Maddahi, M. S., Dolatian, M., & Talebi, A. (2016). Correlation of maternal-fetal attachment and health practices during pregnancy with neonatal outcomes. Electronic Physician, 8(7), 2639. https://doi.org/10.19082/2639
  • Mal-Sarkar, T., Keyes, K., Koen, N., Barnett, W., Myer, L., Rutherford, C., Zar, H. J., Stein, D. J., & Lund, C. (2021). The relationship between childhood trauma, socioeconomic status, and maternal depression among pregnant women in a south African birth cohort study. SSM-Population Health, 14, 100770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100770
  • Mcfarland J, Salisbury A.L, Battle C.L, Hawes K., Halloran K., Lester B.M. (2011). Major depressive disorder during pregnancy and emotional attachment to the fetus. Archives of Women’s Mental Health; 14: 425-434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-011-0237-z
  • Medina, N. Y., Edwards, R. C., Zhang, Y., & Hans, S. L. (2022). A longitudinal investigation of young mothers’ prenatal attachment, depressive symptoms, and early parenting behaviour. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 40(2), 196-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2021.1886257
  • Millar, H. C., Lorber, S., Vandermorris, A., Thompson, G., Thompson, M., Allen, L., Aggarwal, A., & Spitzer, R. F. (2021). “No, you need to explain what you are doing”: obstetric care experiences and preferences of adolescent mothers with a history of childhood trauma. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 34(4), 538–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2021.01.006
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Doğum Öncesi Depresyon Düzeylerinin Doğum Öncesi Bağlanmaya Etkisi: Çocukluk Çağı Travma Yaşantılarının Düzenleyici Rolü

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 268 - 275, 28.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1335795

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, çocukluk çağı travmalarının ve prenatal depresyonun, prenatal bağlanma üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini Ankara'da 05/01/2022- 09/01/2022 tarihleri arasında gebe olan 277 kadın oluşturmuştur. Gebelere prenatal bağlanma ölçeği, prenatal depresyon ölçeği ve çocukluk çağı travma ölçeği uygulandı. Veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve kantil regresyon analizi kullanılarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Kadınların çocukluk çağı travma puan ortalamaları 2.25±1.47 (min-maks: 0.00-6.00), prenatal bağlanma puan ortalamaları 42.50±9.82 (min-maks: 21.00-67.00), depresyon puan ortalamaları 7.44±8.45 (min-maks: 0.00-37.00) olarak bulundu. Tau değerleri açısından 1., 2. ve 3. kantil değerleri için R2 değerleri sırasıyla 0.014, 0.016 ve 0.007 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlara göre tau=0.25 için BECK değişkeni istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunurken, ACE değişkeni anlamlı çıkmamıştır. Modelde BECK ve ACE değişkenleri tau=0.50 için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iken tau=0.75 için anlamlı değildir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma prenatal bağlanma düzeylerinin çocukluk çağı travmaları ve prenatal depresyondan olumsuz etkilenebileceğini göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth edit). American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Arguz Cildir, D., Ozbek, A., Topuzoglu, A., Orcin, E., & Janbakhishov, C. E. (2020). Association of prenatal attachment and early childhood emotional, behavioral, and developmental characteristics: A longitudinal study. Infant Mental Health Journal, 41(4), 517-529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-013-0357-8
  • Avalos, L. A., Raine-Bennett, T., Chen, H., Adams, A. S., & Flanagan, T. (2016). Improved perinatal depression screening, treatment, and outcomes with a universal obstetric program. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 127(5), 917. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000001403
  • Barnett, W., Pellowski, J., Kuo, C., Koen, N., Donald, K. A., Zar, H. J., & Stein, D. J. (2019). Food-insecure pregnant women in South Africa: a cross-sectional exploration of maternal depression as a mediator of violence and trauma risk factors. BMJ Open, 9(3), e018277. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018277
  • Berthelot, N., Lemieux, R., Garon‐Bissonnette, J., & Muzik, M. (2020). Prenatal attachment, parental confidence, and mental health in expecting parents: the role of childhood trauma. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 65(1), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.13034
  • Bjelica, A., Cetkovic, N., Trninic-Pjevic, A., & Mladenovic-Segedi, L. (2018). The phenomenon of pregnancy—A psychological view. Ginekologia Polska, 89(2), 102–106. https://doi.org/10.5603/GP.a2018.0017
  • Brown, R. H., Eisner, M., Walker, S., Tomlinson, M., Fearon, P., Dunne, M. P., ... & Murray, A. L. (2021). The impact of maternal adverse childhood experiences and prenatal depressive symptoms on foetal attachment: Preliminary evidence from expectant mothers across eight middle-income countries. Journal of Affective Disorders, 295, 612-619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.066
  • Caglayan, I. S. C., Cicek, A. U., Yilmaz, Y., & Sahin, A. E. (2022). The Role of Childhood Trauma on Prenatal Attachment: A Cross-Sectional Study. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 10–1097. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001610
  • Camacho, K. G., Vargens, O., Progianti, J. M., & Spindola, T. (2010). Living repercussions and transformations of a pregnancy: Pregnant’s perspective. Ciencia y Enfermería, 16, 115–125.
  • Chen, M., Wang, G., Sun, X., Meng, M., Jiang, Y., Sun, W., ... & Jiang, F. (2023). The effects of maternal prenatal depression on child mental health: The moderating role of maternal childhood trauma. Journal of Affective Disorders, 324, 403-409. Living repercussions and transformations of a pregnancy: Pregnant’s perspective. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.109
  • Cheraghi, P., & Jamshidimanesh, M. (2022). Relationship Between Maternal-Fetal Attachment With Anxiety and Demographic Factors in High-risk Pregnancy Primipara Women. Iran Journal of Nursing, 34(134), 46-59.
  • Christie, H., Talmon, A., Schäfer, S. K., De Haan, A., Vang, M. L., Haag, K., Gilbar, O., Alisic, E., & Brown, E. (2017). The transition to parenthood following a history of childhood maltreatment: a review of the literature on prospective and new parents’ experiences. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(sup7), 1492834. https://doi.org/0.1080/20008198.2018.1492834
  • De Bellis, M. D., & Zisk, A. (2014). The biological effects of childhood trauma. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 23(2), 185–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.01.002
  • Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American journal of preventive medicine, 14(4), 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8
  • Fields, K., Shreffler, K. M., Ciciolla, L., Baraldi, A. N., & Anderson, M. (2022). Maternal childhood adversity and prenatal depression: the protective role of father support. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-022-01278-w
  • Goecke, T. W., Voigt, F., Faschingbauer, F., Spangler, G., Beckmann, M. W., & Beetz, A. (2012). The association of prenatal attachment and perinatal factors with pre-and postpartum depression in first-time mothers. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 286, 309-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2286-6
  • Grigoriadis, S., VonderPorten, E. H., Mamisashvili, L., Tomlinson, G., Dennis, C. L., Koren, G., ... & Ross, L. E. (2013). The impact of maternal depression during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 74(4), 8615. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.12r07968
  • Hicks, L. M., Dayton, C. J., Brown, S., Muzik, M., & Raveau, H. (2018). Mindfulness moderates depression and quality of prenatal attachment in expectant parents. Mindfulness, 9(5), 1604–1614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0907-2
  • Hinesley, J., Amstadter, A., Sood, A., Perera, R. A., Ramus, R., & Kornstein, S. (2020). Adverse childhood experiences, maternal/fetal attachment, and maternal mental health. Women's Health Reports, 1(1), 550-555. https://doi.org/10.1089/whr.2020.0085
  • Kara, P., & Nazik, E. (2021). Effects of anxiety and social support levels on the prenatal attachment of pregnant women with preeclampsia. Cukurova Medical Journal, 46(3), 889–896. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.894664
  • Koenker, R. (2021). quantreg: Quantile Regression. R package version 5.95. URL https://cran.r-project.org/package=quantreg
  • Lê Cook, B., & Manning, W. G. (2013). Thinking beyond the mean: A practical guide for using quantile regression methods for health services research. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry, 25(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.01.011
  • Lefkovics, E., Baji, I., & Rigó, J. (2014). Impact of maternal depression on pregnancies and on early attachment. Infant mental health journal, 35(4), 354-365. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21450
  • Maddahi, M. S., Dolatian, M., & Talebi, A. (2016). Correlation of maternal-fetal attachment and health practices during pregnancy with neonatal outcomes. Electronic Physician, 8(7), 2639. https://doi.org/10.19082/2639
  • Mal-Sarkar, T., Keyes, K., Koen, N., Barnett, W., Myer, L., Rutherford, C., Zar, H. J., Stein, D. J., & Lund, C. (2021). The relationship between childhood trauma, socioeconomic status, and maternal depression among pregnant women in a south African birth cohort study. SSM-Population Health, 14, 100770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100770
  • Mcfarland J, Salisbury A.L, Battle C.L, Hawes K., Halloran K., Lester B.M. (2011). Major depressive disorder during pregnancy and emotional attachment to the fetus. Archives of Women’s Mental Health; 14: 425-434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-011-0237-z
  • Medina, N. Y., Edwards, R. C., Zhang, Y., & Hans, S. L. (2022). A longitudinal investigation of young mothers’ prenatal attachment, depressive symptoms, and early parenting behaviour. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 40(2), 196-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2021.1886257
  • Millar, H. C., Lorber, S., Vandermorris, A., Thompson, G., Thompson, M., Allen, L., Aggarwal, A., & Spitzer, R. F. (2021). “No, you need to explain what you are doing”: obstetric care experiences and preferences of adolescent mothers with a history of childhood trauma. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 34(4), 538–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2021.01.006
  • Moog, N. K., Buss, C., Entringer, S., Shahbaba, B., Gillen, D. L., Hobel, C. J., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2016). Maternal exposure to childhood trauma is associated during pregnancy with placental-fetal stress physiology. Biological Psychiatry, 79(10), 831–839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.032
  • Mukherjee, S., Trepka, M. J., Pierre-Victor, D., Bahelah, R., & Avent, T. (2016). Racial/ethnic disparities in antenatal depression in the United States: A systematic review. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 20(9), 1780–1797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-016-1989-x
  • Muller, M. E., & Mercer, R. T. (1993). Development of the prenatal attachment inventory. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 15(2), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945993015002
  • Nieto, L., Lara, M. A., & Navarrete, L. (2017). Prenatal predictors of maternal attachment and their association with postpartum depressive symptoms in Mexican women at risk of depression. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 21, 1250-1259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-016-2223-6
  • Nowak, A. L., Braungart-Rieker, J. M., & Kuo, P. X. (2022). Social support moderates the relation between childhood trauma and prenatal depressive symptoms in adolescent mothers. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 40(6), 644–658. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2021.1938980
  • Okafor, C. N., Barnett, W., Zar, H. J., Nhapi, R., Koen, N., Shoptaw, S., & Stein, D. J. (2021). Associations of emotional, physical, or sexual intimate partner violence and depression symptoms among South African women in a prospective cohort study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(9–10), NP5060–NP5083. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518796522
  • Olsen, J. M. (2018). Integrative review of pregnancy health risks and outcomes associated with adverse childhood experiences. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 47(6), 783–794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2018.09.005
  • Oosterman, M., Schuengel, C., Forrer, M. L., & De Moor, M. H. M. (2019). The impact of childhood trauma and psychophysiological reactivity on at-risk women’s adjustment to parenthood. Development and Psychopathology, 31(1), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418001591
  • Osofsky, J. D., Osofsky, H. J., Frazer, A. L., Fields-Olivieri, M. A., Many, M., Selby, M., ... & Conrad, E. (2021). The importance of adverse childhood experiences during the perinatal period. American Psychologist, 76(2), 350. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000770
  • Ozcan, H., Ustundag, M. F., Yilmaz, M., Aydinoglu, U., Ersoy, A. O., & Eyi, E. G. Y. (2019). The Relationships between Prenatal Attachment, Basic Personality Traits, Styles of Coping with Stress, Depression, and Anxiety, and Marital Adjustment Among Women in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy. The Eurasian journal of medicine, 51(3), 232–236. https://doi.org/10.5152/eurasianjmed.2019.15302
  • Özcan, N. K., Boyacıoğlu, N. E., Dikeç, G., Dinç, H., Enginkaya, S., & Tomruk, N. (2018). Prenatal and postnatal attachment among Turkish mothers diagnosed with a mental health disorder. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 39(9), 795–801. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2018.1455773
  • Potur, D., Doğan Merih, Y., & Demirci, N., (2020). Evaluation of Factors Affecting Prenatal Attachment In Primipara and Multipara Women. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing , vol.6, no.1, 132-140. https://doi.org/10.5222/jaren.2020.65265
  • R Core Team (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
  • Racine, N., Zumwalt, K., McDonald, S., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. (2020). Perinatal depression: The role of maternal adverse childhood experiences and social support. Journal of Affective Disorders, 263, 576-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.030
  • Reuveni, I., Lauria, M., Monk, C., & Werner, E. (2021). The impact of childhood trauma on psychological interventions for depression during pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 24(3), 367–380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01066-4
  • Rollè, L., Giordano, M., Santoniccolo, F., & Trombetta, T. (2020). Prenatal attachment and perinatal depression: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2644. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082644
  • Salehi, K., & Kohan, S. (2017). Maternal-fetal attachment: What we know and what we need to know. International Journal of Pregnancy & Child Birth, 2(5), 38.
  • Sancho-Rossignol, A., Schilliger, Z., Cordero, M. I., Rusconi Serpa, S., Epiney, M., Hüppi, P., ... & Schechter, D. S. (2018). The association of maternal exposure to domestic violence during childhood with prenatal attachment, maternal-fetal heart rate, and infant behavioral regulation. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 358. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00358
  • Schaal, N. K., Marca-Ghaemmaghami, P. L., Märthesheimer, S., Hepp, P., Preis, H., Mahaffey, B., ... & Castro, R. A. (2023). Associations of stress, anxiety, and partner satisfaction with maternal-fetal attachment in women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05804-1
  • Stigger, R. S., Martins, C. de S. R., de Matos, M. B., Trettim, J. P., da Cunha, G. K., Scholl, C. C., Ramos, M. P., dos Santos Motta, J. V., Ghisleni, G., & Pinheiro, R. T. (2020). Is Maternal Exposure to Childhood Trauma Associated With Maternal-Fetal Attachment? Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships, 14(2), 200–210. https://doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v14i2.3983
  • Tani, F., Castagna, V., & Ponti, L. (2018). Women who had positive relationships with their own mothers reported good attachments to their first child before and after birth. Acta Paediatrica, 107(4), 633–637. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14162
  • Verreault, N., Da Costa, D., Marchand, A., Ireland, K., Dritsa, M., & Khalifé, S. (2014). Rates and risk factors associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy and with postpartum onset. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 35(3), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.3109/0167482X.2014.947953
  • Zhang, L., Wang, L., Cui, S., Yuan, Q., Huang, C., & Zhou, X. (2021). Prenatal depression in women in the third trimester: Prevalence, predictive factors, and relationship with maternal-fetal attachment. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 602005. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.602005
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cansu Akdağ Topal 0000-0002-1851-1728

Merve Mert Karadaş 0000-0002-9171-3035

İrem Karakurt 0000-0002-7953-6566

Handan Boztepe 0000-0001-6980-1568

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akdağ Topal, C., Mert Karadaş, M., Karakurt, İ., Boztepe, H. (2024). The Effects of Prenatal Depression Levels on Prenatal Attachment: The Moderating Role of Childhood Trauma Experiences. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(2), 268-275. https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1335795

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