Geographic Distribution, Lifecycle and Damage of Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Spilomelinae) in Turkey

Yıl 2019, , 833 - 847, 15.12.2019

Azize Toper Kaygın , Cansın Taşdeler

https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.578294

Cited By: 9

Öz

Cydalima perspectalis (Walker), a species belongs to the Crambidae family of Lepidoptera
order, is a primary pest on boxwood.  The
damage is caused by caterpillars. They feed on the leaves and reduce
photosynthesis, eat the bark of the shoots, damage the cambium layer and dry up
the shoots, branches and twigs of Buxus sp.   An exotic species for our country, box-tree
moth was first seen in parks and gardens in Sarıyer İstanbul in 2011; and then
in Düzce and Artvin in 2015 and in Bartın in 2016. As of this year, its distribution in Western Black Sea Region continued
rapidly. This study was carried out to determine life cycle, areas of
distribution and the condition of the box-trees in the areas it exists. It is seen that the invasive insect caused
serious damage in Marmara and whole Black Sea Regions where box-tree exists and
dried out a significant area of box-tree forests. In addition, it arrived in
Central Anatolia Region, and damaged on box-trees in parks and landscape areas
in Ankara, Niğde and Kırşehir in 2017-2018.  It was observed the biological periods of C. perspectalis and for the first time, it
was found that this species had three generations in a year. It was also
recorded for the first time in this study that the larvae showed cannibalism
behaviour and eat the pupae of own species. It should be considered that in case this
insect reaches out to the box-trees in the southern regions of Turkey, there is
a possibility that its number of generations within a year will increase due to
convenient ecological conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Box-tree moth, Buxus sp., damage, distribution, generation, cannibalism, Turkey

Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Spilomelinae)’in Türkiye’de Coğrafi Yayılışı, Yaşam Döngüsü Ve Zararı

Öz

Cydalima perspectalis (Walker), Lepidoptera takımına bağlı Crambidae
familyasından bir tür olup şimşir üzerinde primer zararlıdır. Zararı tırtıllar
yapmaktadır. Yaprakları yiyerek bitkinin fotosentez yapmasını engellemekte,
sürgünlerin kabuklarını kemirmekte, kambiyum tabakasına zarar vermekte ve
böylece şimşir sürgünlerini, dallarını kurutabilmektedirler. Ülkemiz için egzotik
bir tür olan şimşir güvesi ilk kez 2011 yılında İstanbul’da Sarıyer’deki park
ve bahçelerde; 2015 yılında Düzce’de ve Artvin’de, 2016 yılında ise Bartın’da
varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu yıldan itibaren Batı Karadeniz Bölgesindeki
yayılışı hızla devam etmiştir. Böceğin yaşam döngüsü, yayılış alanları ve bu
alanlarda şimşir türlerinin durumunu tespit etmek amacıyla bu araştırma
yapılmıştır. Bu istilacı
böceğin Şimşir türünün bulunduğu tüm Karadeniz ve Marmara Bölgelerinde şiddetli
zarar yaptığı, şimşir alanlarının önemli bir kısmını kuruttuğu görülmüştür.
Ayrıca İç Anadolu Bölgesine geçerek 2017-2018 yıllarında Ankara, Niğde ve
Kırşehir’de peyzaj alanlarında ve parklardaki şimşirlerde zarar yaparak
yayılışını sürdürmüştür. Bu araştırma ile C.
perspectalis’in biyolojik
dönemleri takip edilerek yılda üç
generasyon verdiği ilk kez tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca larvalarının kanibalizm
davranışı göstererek pupaları yediği ilk kez bu araştırma ile kayıt altına
alınmıştır. Böceğin Türkiye’nin güney bölgelerdeki şimşir alanlarına ulaşması
durumunda uygun ekolojik koşullara binaen yıl içindeki generasyon sayısının
artacağı ihtimali dikkate alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Şimşir güvesi, Buxus sp., zarar, yayılış, nesil, kanibalizm, Türkiye

Kaynakça

• Acartürk, R. (2006). Park ve Bahçe Peyzajında Süs Bitkileri ve Yer Örtücüler, OGEM-VAK, Lazer Ofset, 382 s. Ankara.
• Altunışık, A., Oskay, F., Aday Kaya, A. G., Lehtijärvi, A., Doğmuş Lehtijärvi ,H. T. (2017). Şimşirlerimiz üzerinde yeni bir tehdit: Şimşir Yanıklığı. Orman ve Av, 2(95), 43-46, ISSN 1302-040X.
• Anşin, R., Özkan, Z. C. (1993). Tohumlu Bitkiler, KTÜ Orman Fakültesi, Genel Yayın No: 167, Fakülte Yayın No: 19, 512 s. Trabzon.
• Arnaudov, V., Raikov, S. (2017). Box tree moth–Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859)(Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a new invasive pest for the bulgarian fauna.“. XXII Savetovanje o biotehnologiji”. Zbornikradova, 1, 453-456.
• Ateş, K., İpek, A., Yıldız, Ş. (2010). Trabzon Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü’ndeki Şimşir Potansiyeli ve Kullanımı, III. Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi Cilt: III, Sa: 1134-1143. http://karok3.artvin.edu.tr/III.Cilt/(1134-1143).pdf
• Bella, S. (2013). The box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) continues to spread in southern Europe: New records for Italy (Lepidoptera Pyraloidea Crambidae). Redia. XCVI. 51-55.
• Billen, W. (2007). Diaphania perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Pyrallidae)-a new moth in Europe. Mitteilungen der Entomologischen Gesellschaft Basel, 57(2/4), 135-137.
• Borçka Platformu (2019) https://www.facebook.com/borckaplatformu/posts/1133035896761799/ (29 Ağustos 2016).
• Bunescu, H., Florian, T. (2016a). The Box Tree Moth, Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae) a New Invasive Species in Cluj Area (Romania). ProEnvironment/ProMediu, 9(25), 62-66.
• Bunescu, H., Florian, T. (2016b). Studies Concerning the new Invasive Species, Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Box Tree Moth) in Cluj Area (Romania). ProEnvironment/ProMediu, 9(26), 142-151.
• Chen, H. L., Gao, Z. G., Zhou, J. M., Chen, H. M. (2005). Bionomics of the box tree pyralis, Diaphania perspectalis (Walker). Jiangxi Plant Prot. 28, 1–4 (http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HXZI200501000.htm)
• Çanakçıoğlu, H., Mol, T. (1998). Orman Entomolojisi (Genel Bölüm). İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınlan, İ.Ü. Yayın No.4155, O.F. Yayın No. 455, İstanbul.
• Dogalhayat (2019). http://dogalhayat.org/property/125831/ (24, 26.04.2019)
• EBTS UK (2019). https://www.ebts.org/box-moth-and-caterpillar/#citations (27.04.2019)
• Farina, P., Rizzo, D. (2015). Regione Toscana, La Piralide del Bosso Cydalima perspectalis,Walker, 1959 ordine Lepidoptera, famiglia Crambidae. Servizio Fitosanitario-Difesa delle colture e delle foreste-Vigilanza e controllo, Servizio Fitosanitario Regionale Via Pietrapiana, 30 - 50121 Firenze. 12p.
• FEI (2012a). Forum Entomologi Italiani. http://www.entomologiitaliani.net/public/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=113&t=38922&hilit=cydalima, [accessed by Bella 04.09.2013]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.926.6000&rep=rep1&type=pdf
• Geci, D., Ibrahimi, H. (2018). First Record of The Box Tree Moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) From Kosovo. Nat. Croat. DOI 10.20302/NC.2018.27.24. Vol. 27, No: 2, Zagreb, 343-345 p.
• Gninenko,Yu, I., Ponomarev, V. L., Nesterenkova, A. (2018). Virus Application Experience To Protect Boxwood Against Cydalima perspectalis Caterpillars, Recent Advances in The Researches and Application of Viruses and Entomophages in Forest Health Protection, Russian Research Institute for Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Pushkino-Beijing, ISBN 978–5–94219–226–6, 40-43. http://www.vniilm.ru/docs/pdf/ izdaniya/ross-china-zachita.pdf#page=40
• Göktürk, T. (2017). The Effect of Dipel and Spruzit Against Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), International Forestry and Environment Symposium "Climate Change and Tree Migration" 7-10 November 2017, Abstract Book, p. 125, Trabzon, Turkey.
• Gugea, I., Virteiu A. M. (2018). Remains Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) An Invasive Species Dangerous for Landscaping in Western Romania? Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 49 (4), 135-141.
• Hizal, E., Kose, M., Yesil, C., Kaynar, D. (2012). The new pest Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859)(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Turkey. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 11(3), 400-403.
• Hizal, E. (2012). Two Invasive Alien Insect Species, Leptoglossus occidentals (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and their Distribution and Host Plants in Istanbul Province, Turkey. Florida Entomologist, 95(2), 344-350. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23268555
• Hrnčić, S., Radonjić, S. (2014). Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)- nova invazivna štetočina šimšira u Crnoj Gori; 11. Simpozij o zaštiti bilja u Bosni i Hercegovini, Teslić, 04-06 November 2014, Godine, Zbornik rezimea, 24-25.
• Iamandei, M. (2010). Diaphania perspectalis (Walker, 1859)(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) a new pest of Buxus spp. in Romania. Lucrări Științifice-Universitatea de Științe Agronomice și Medicină Veterinară București. Seria B, Horticultură, (54), 787-793.
• Karpun, N. N., Trochov, E. S., Ignatova, E. A., Zhuravleva, E. N., Kaurova, Z. G. (2015). Аnalysis of nutritional adaptation of the box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis Walker). Вопросы Нормативно-Правового Регулирования В Ветеринарии, Issue, (4), 173-176. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=24825731
• Kenis, M., Nacambo, S., Leuthardt, F. L. G., Domenico, F. D., Haye, T. (2013). The box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis, in Europe: horticultural pest or environmental disaster?. Aliens: The Invasive Species Bulletin, (33), 38-41.
• Stojanović, D. V., Konjević, A., Marković, M., Kereši, T. (2015). Nalazi šimširovog moljca Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859)(Lepidoptera, Crambidae) u Vojvodini/Appearance of the box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859)(Lepidoptera, Crambidae) in Vojvodina. Biljni lekar/Plant Doctor, 43(4), 387-395.
• Koren, T., Črne, M. (2012). The first record of the box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859)(Lepidoptera, Crambidae) in Croatia. Natura Croatica: Periodicum Musei Historiae Naturalis Croatici, 21(2), 507-510.
• Korycinska, A., Eyre, D. (2011). Box tree caterpillar Cydalima perspectalis. The Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera). https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/assets/factsheets/ boxTreeCaterpillar2011.pdf
• Lehtijärvi, A., Doğmuş, Lehtijärvi, H. T., Oskay, F. (2014). Cylindrocladium buxicola is Threatening The Native Buxus sempervirens Populations in Turkey. Plant Protection Science, 50(4), 227–229.
• Leuthardt, F. L. G., Baur, B. (2013). Oviposition preference and larval development of the invasive moth Cydalima perspectalis on five European box-tree varieties. Journal of Applied Entomology, 137(6), 437-444. DOI: 10.1111/jen.12013
• Leuthardt, F. L. G., Billen, W., Baur, B. (2010). Spread of the box-tree pyralid Diaphania perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the region of Basel-a pest species new for Switzerland. Entomo Helvetica, (3), 51-57.
• Mally, R., Nuss, M. (2010). Phylogeny and nomenclature of the box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) comb. n., which was recently introduced into Europe (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae: Spilomelinae). European Journal of Entomology, 107, 393–400. 10.14411/eje.2010.048.
• Maruyama, T., Shinkaji, N. (1987). Studies on the life cycle of the box-tree pyralid, Glyphodes perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). I. Seasonal adult emergence and developmental velocity. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 31(3),226-232.
• Maruyama, T., Shinkaji, N. (1991). The life cycle of the Box-Tree pyralid, Glyphodes perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). II. Developmental characteristics of larvae. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 35, 221–230.
• Maruyama, T. (1993). Life cycle of the Box-Tree pyralid, Glyphodes perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). IV. Effect of various host plants on larval growth and food utilization. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 37, 117–122.
• Matošević, D., Lukić, I., Bras, A., Lacković, N., Pernek, M. (2017). Spatial distribution, genetic diversity and food choice of box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) in Croatia. South-east European forestry, 8(1), 41-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15177/seefor.17-06
• Matošević, D. (2013). Box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis, Lepidoptera; Crambidae), new invasive insect pest in Croatia. South-east European forestry, 4(2), 89-94.
• Matsiakh, I., Kramarets, V., Kavtarishvili, M., Mamadashvili, G. (2016). Distribution of invasive species and their threat to natural populations of boxwood (Buxus colchica Pojark) in Georgia. PPT Presentation. National Forestry Agency of Georgia, ENPI East Fleg II Program (https://www.observatree.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Matsiakh%20I._Threats%20to%20boxwood%20in%20Georgia.pdf)
• Matsiakh, I., Kramarets, V., Mamadashvili, G. (2018). Box Tree Moth Cydalima perspectalis as a Threat to the Native Populations of Buxus colchica in Republic of Georgia. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 20(2), 29-42. Retrieved from http://entomol.org/journal/index.php/JERS/article/view/1262.
• Meteoroloji İl Müdürlüğü (2019). Bartın ili meteoroloji istasyonu verileri.
• Nacambo, S., Leuthardt, F. L. G., Wan, H., Li, H., Haye, T., Baur, B., Weiss, R. M., Kenis, M. (2014). Development characteristics of the box-tree moth Cydalima perspectalis and its potential distribution in Europe. Journal of Applied Entomology. 138, 14-26. 10.1111/jen.12078.
• Nagy, A., Szarukán, I., Csabai, J., Molnár, A., Molnár, B. P., Kárpáti, Z., Szanyi, S., Tóth, M. (2017). Distribution of the box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis Walker 1859) in the north‐eastern part of the Carpathian Basin with a new Ukrainian record and Hungarian data. Eppo Bulletin, 47 (2), 279–282. DOI: 10.1111/epp.12384.
• Oltean, I., Hulujan, I., Varga, M., Totos, Ş., Florian, T. (2017). Cydalima Perspectalis Walker (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) a New Dangerous Pest Report on Buxus Sempervirens in Cluj Area. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture, 74(1), 26-36.
• Ostojić, I., Zovko, M., Petrović, D., Elez, D. (2015). New records of box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Radovi Poljoprivrednog Fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu (Works of the Faculty of Agriculture University of Sarajevo), 60(65 (1)), 139-143.
• Otero, R. P., Vázquez, J. P. M., Vidal, M. (2014). Cydalima perspectalis Walker, 1859 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae): una nueva amenaza para Buxus spp. en la Península Ibérica. Arquivos Entomolóxicos, (10), 225-228.
• Öztürk, N., Akbulut, S., Yüksel, B, (2016). Düzce için yeni bir zararlı Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Düzce Üniversitesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 12 (1), 112-121. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/http-ordergi-duzce-edu-tr-2279-sayfa-anasayfa/issue/24383/291066
• Pino Pérez, J. J., Pino Pérez, R. (2014). Segunda cita de Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) para Galicia (NO España). Boletin BIGA, ISSN: 1886-5453, 14: 47-50.
• Sáfián, S., Horváth, B. (2011). Box Tree Moth – Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859), new member in the Lepidoptera fauna of Hungary (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Kaposvár, Natura Somogyiensis, 19, 245-246.
• Santi, F., Radeghieri, P., Sigurtà, G. I., Maini, S. (2015). Sex pheromone traps for detection of the invasive box tree moth in Italy. Bulletin of Insectology, 68(1),158-160. ISSN 1721-8861.
• Seljak, G. (2012). Six new alien phytophagous insect species recorded in Slovenia in 2011. Acta Entomologica Slovenica, 20, 31-44.
• She, D. S., Feng, F. J. (2006). Bionomics and control of Diaphania perspectalis (Walker). Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology, 26, 47-51. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZJLK200606011.htm
• Strachinis, I., Kazilas, C., Karamaouna, F., Papanikolaou, N. E., Partsinevelos, G. K., Milonas, P. G. (2015). First record of Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859)(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Greece. Hellenic Plant Protection Journal, 8(2), 66-72.
• Székely, L., Dinc, V., Mihai, C. (2011) Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859), a new species for the Romanian fauna (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae). Buletin de informare Entomologica, 22 (3-4), 73-78.
• Toper Kaygın, A., Taşdeler, C. (2018). Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Şimşirlerimiz için Bir Tehdit mi? III. Türkiye Orman Entomolojisi ve Patolojisi Sempozyumu, Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, s: 21, 10-12 Mayıs 2018, Artvin.
• Trokhov, Y., Kaurova, Z. (2015). Boxwood moth-an invasive species parasite of boxwood groves. XXIV Student International Scientific-Practical Conference «The Scientific Community of Students The XXI Century», V. 8-9 (22), 28-37, 28 October 2014, Novosibirsk, Russia.
• Türkyılmaz, E., Vurdu, H., Serdar, B. (2006). Anadolu şimşirinin (Buxus sempervirens L.) bazı anatomik özellikleri. Gazi Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, ISSN 1303-2399, Yayın No: 6(2), 274-284. https://dergipark.org.tr/download/article-file/159720.
• URL-1 https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/118433 (27.04.2019).
• URL-2 http://agaclar.org/agac.asp?id=376 (04.05.2019).
• URL-3 http://194.27.225.161/yasin/tubives/index.php?sayfa=karsilastir (05.05.2019)
• URL-4 https://atib.ogm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/T%C4%B1bbi%20ve%20Itri%20Bitkilerimizi%20Tan%C4% B1yal%C4%B1m/Simsir.aspx (05.05.2019).
• URL-5 https://www.cnnturk.com/yurttan-haberler/rize/firtina-vadisindeki-simsir-ormanlari-kuruyor (18.05.2019)
• URL-6 https://www.buchsbaumzuensler.net/ (04.05.2019).
• URL-7 https://www.ogm.gov.tr/Lists/OdunDisiUrunlerUrunBazinda/DispForm.aspx?ID=36&Content TypeId=0x0100DC5A635405E5284B9EE5906123AD7E8C (05.05.2019).
• Van der Straten, M. J., Muus, T. S. (2010). The box tree pyralid (Glyphodes perspectalis (Walker, 1859), Lepidoptera: Crambidae); an invasive alien moth ruining box trees. In Proceedings of the Netherlands Entomological Society Meeting, 21, 107-111.
• Wan, H., Haye, T., Kenis, M., Nacambo, S., Xu, H., Zhang, F., Li, H. (2014) Biology and natural enemies of Cydalima perspectalis in Asia: Is there biological control potential in Europe?, Journal of Applied Entomology, 138(10), 715-722. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12132.
• Yıldız, Y., Yıldırım, İ., Bostancı, C. (2018). Bartın İlinin İstilacı Böcek Türleri, III. Türkiye Orman Entomolojisi ve Patolojisi Sempozyumu, s. 25, 10-12.05.2018. Artvin.
• Zhou, W., Xia, C. Y., Sun, X. Q., Zhu, B., Liu, X. P., Liu, Z. C., Wang, Y. (2005). Studies on the biological characteristics and control of Diaphania perspectalis Walker. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Agricultural Science), 23, 52-56.