Yaban Hayvanı Uyarı Levhalarının Konumlarının Değerlendirilmesi Kırıkkale-Çankırı Karayolu Örneği

Öz

Yaban hayvanları doğal yaşam ortamlarının farklı sebeplerden dolayı tahrip olması ile karşı karşıyadır. Bu tahribatların önemli sebeplerinden biri de karayollarıdır. Karayolları yaban hayvanlarının yaşam alanlarında habitat parçalanmalarına sebep oldukları gibi, yaban hayvanı araç çarpışmaları nedeni ile ölümlere de sebep olmaktadır. Mayıs 2014 ile Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında Kırıkkale-Çankırı karayolu üzerinde yaban hayvanları ile araç çarpışmalarını incelediğimiz bu çalışmada 9 türden 389 adet memeli yaban hayvanı kazası kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmada kirpi 182, tilki 136, sansar 44, yaban domuzu 12, kurt 6, tavşan 5, porsuk 2, arap tavşanı ve gelincik ise 1 adet olarak kazalara karışmıştır. Çalışma alanında 4 adedi yaban domuzu ve 6 adedi ise karaca figürlü olan toplam 10 adet yaban hayvanı uyarı levhası olduğu ve bu uyarı levhalarının kazaların 52 adedinin meydana geldiği noktalara yerleştirildiği ve tüm kazaların %13,5’i kadarına etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak Kırıkkale-Çankırı karayolunda bulunan yaban hayvanı uyarı levhalarının gerek konum gerekse de sayı olarak yeterli olmadığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaban hayatı,araç,çarpışma,uyarı levhası,karayolu

Assessment of The Location of Wild Animal Warning Sign in Kırıkkale-Çankırı Highway

Abstract

Wild animals face the destruction of their natural habitats for different reasons. One of the most important reasons for this destruction is the highways. Highways not only cause habitat fragmentation in the habitats of wild animals, but also cause deaths due to vehicle collisions. Between May 2014 and May 2018, in this study we examined collisions with wild animals on the Kırıkkale-Çankırı highway and 389 mammalian wildlife accidents of 9 species were recorded. In this study, hedgehog 182, fox 136, marten 44, wild boar 12, wolf 6, rabbit 5, badger 2, arabic rabbit and weasel 1 pieces were determined. In the study area, 4 wild boars and 6 deer-shaped wild animal warning signs were found and these warning signs occurred in 52 of the accidents and were effective up to 13.5% of all geese. As a result, it was determined that the wild animal warning signs on Kırıkkale-Çankırı highway were not sufficient both in terms of location and number.

Keywords

• wildlife,vehcile,collision,warning sign,highway

Kaynakça

1. Barthelmess, E.L. ve Brooks, M.S. 2010. The influence of body-size and diet on road-kill trends in mammals. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19(6): 1611-1629.
2. Bissonette, J.A., Kassar, C.A., Cook, L.J. 2008. Assessment of costs associated with deer–vehicle collisions: human death and injury, vehicle damage, and deer loss. Human-Wildlife Conflicts, 2(1): 17-27.
3. Bond, A.R.F., Jones, D.N. 2013. Wildlife Warning Signs: Public Assessment of Components, Placement and Designs to Optimise Driver Response Animals (Basel), 3(4): 1142–1161. doi: 10.3390/ani3041142.
4. Beben, D. 2012. Crossings for animals – an effective method of wild fauna conservation. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 20:86-89.
5. Bruinderink, G.G., Hazebroek, E. 1996. Ungulate traffic collisions in Europe. Conservation Biology, 10(4): 1059-1067.
6. Clevenger, A.P., Chruszcz, B. Gunson, K.E. 2003. Spatial patterns and factors influencing small vertebrate fauna road-kill aggregations. Biological Conservation, 109:15-26.
7. Conover, M.R., Pitt, W.C., Kessler, K.K., DuBow, T.J., Sanborn, W.A. 1995. Review of human injuries, illnesses, and economic losses caused by wildlife in the United States. Wildlife Society Bulletin (1973-2006), 23(3), 407-414.
8. Drork, A., Shinar, D. 1982. The effect of roadway enviroment and fatigue on sing perception. Journal of Safety Research, 21:25-32.

9. Dussault, C.M., Roulin, M., Courtois, R., Ouellet, J.P. 2006. Temporal and spatial distribution of moose-vehicle accidents in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, Quebec, Canada. Wildlife Biology, 12:415-426.
10. Elmeros, M., Christensen, T.K., Lassen, P. 2011. Concentrations of anticoagulant rodenticides in stoats Mutela erminea and weasels Mustela nivalis from Denmark. Science of the Total Environment, 409:2373–2378.
11. Ferreras, P., Aldama, J.J., Beltrán, J.F., Delibes, M. 1992. Rates and causes of mortality in a fragmented population of Iberian lynx Felis pardina Temminck, 1824. Biological conservation, 61(3): 197-202.
12. Ford, A.T., Fahrig, L. 2007. Diet and body size of North American mammal road mortalities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 12(7): 498-505.
13. Forman, R.T.T., Alexander, L.E. 1998. Roads and their major ecological effects. Annual Reviews Ecology and Systematics, 29:207-231.
14. Gilbert, S. L., Sivy, K. J., Pozzanghera, C. B., DuBour, A., Overduijn, K., Smith, M. M., Zhou, J., Litle, J.M., Prugh, L. R. 2017. Socioeconomic benefits of large carnivore recolonization through reduced wildlife‐vehicle collisions. Conservation Letters, 10(4): 431-439.
15. Gosselink, T. E., Van Deelen, T. R., Warner, R. E., Mankin, P. C. 2007. Survival and cause‐specific mortality of red foxes in agricultural and urban areas of Illinois. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 71(6): 1862-1873.
16. Huijser, M. P., Mosler‐Berger, C., Olsson, M., Strein, M. 2015. Wildlife warning signs and animal detection systems aimed at reducing wildlife‐vehicle collisions. Handbook of Road Ecology, 198-212.
17. Huijser, M.P., Bergers, P.J.M. 2000. The effect of roads and traffic on hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) populations. Biological Conservation, 95:111-116.
18. Huijser, M.P., Fuller, J., Wagner, M.E., Hardy, A. Clevenger, A.P. 2007. Animal vehicle collision data collection. A synthesis of highway practice. NCHRP Synthesis 370. Project 20-05/Topic 37-12. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington DC, USA.
19. Iuell, B. 2003. Wildlife and traffic-a European handbook for identifying conflicts and designing solutions. In The XXIInd PIARC World Road CongressWorld Road Association-PIARC.
20. Jaarsma, C.F., van Langevelde, F., Baveco, J.M., van Eupen, M., Arisz, J. 2007. Model for rural transportation planning considering simulating mobility and traffic kills in the badger Meles meles. Ecologicalin Formatics, 2:73-82.
21. Joyce, T.L. Mahoney, S.P. 2001. Spatial and temporal distributions of moose-vehicle collisions in Newfoundland. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 281-291.
22. Kramer‐Schadt, S., Revilla, E., Wiegand, T., Breitenmoser, U.R.S. 2004. Fragmented landscapes, road mortality and patch connectivity: modelling influences on the dispersal of Eurasian lynx. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41(4), 711-723.
23. Kruidering A.M., Veenbaas G., Kleijberg R., Koot G., Rosloot Y., Van Jaarsveld E. 2005. Leidraad faunavoorzieningen bij wegen. Rijkswaterstaat, Dienst Weg-en Waterbouwkunde, Delft, The Netherlands;
24. Lode, T. 2000. Effect of a motorway on mortality and isolation of wildlife populations. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 29(3): 163-166.
25. Malo, J.E., Suarez, F., Diez, A. 2004. Can we mitigate animal-vehicle accidents using predictive models?. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41:701-710.
26. Romin, L.A., Bissonette, J.A. 1996. Deer: vehicle collisions: status of state monitoring activities and mitigation efforts. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 24(2): 276-283.
27. Sáenz-de-Santa-María, A., Tellería, J.L. 2015. Wildlife-vehicle collisions in Spain. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 61(3), 399-406.
28. Sarbello, W., Jackson, L. W. 1985. Deer mortality in the town of Malone. New York Fish and Game Journal, 32(2): 141-157.
29. Smith, D.J. 1999. Identification and prioritization of ecological interface zones on state highways in Florida. In: Evink, G.L., Garrett, P., Zeigler, D. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Wildlife Ecology and Transportation. Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee.
30. Smith, D.J. 2003. Ecological effects of roads: Theory, analysis, management and planning considerations. University of Florida.
31. URL-01 https://www.sabre-roads.org.uk/wiki/index.php?title=Warning_Sign/Wild_Animals
32. URL-02.http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType233/Production/65Wildlife Crossing_signs.pdf
33. URL-03. http://www.srazenazver.cz/en/
34. URL-04. https://www.google.com/search?newwindow
35. Vignon, V., Barbareau, H. 2008. Collisions entre véhicules et ongulés sauvages: quel coût économique. Une tentative d'évaluation. Faune sauvage, 279: 31-35.
36. Williams, A. F., Wells, J. K. 2005. Characteristics of vehicle-animal crashes in which vehicle occupants are killed. Traffic Injury Prevention, 6(1): 56-59.