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Farklı Arazi Kullanımının Toprağın Bazı Mikrobiyal Oranları Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 254 - 262, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.750823

Öz

Mikrobiyal biyokütle toprak oluşumunun canlı bileşeni olduğu için toprağın biyolojik durumu hakkında iyi bir gösterge olarak hizmet etmektedir. Bartın İli Ağdacı Köyü mevkiinde bulunan araştırma alanı; orman, mera ve tarım alanlarını içermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; farklı arazi kullanım biçimi altındaki (orman, mera ve tarım) üst toprakların (0–5 cm) bazı mikrobiyal oranlarını (Cmic/Corg, Cmic/Nmic ve Nmic/Ntotal) belirlemektir. Çalışmanın materyal kısmını üst topraktan alınan toprak örnekleri oluşturmaktadır. Toprakların organik karbon (Corg), toplam azot (Ntotal), mikrobiyal biyokütle C (Cmic) ve mikrobiyal biyokütle N (Nmic) sonuçları elde edildikten sonra bu değerler birbirlerine oranlanarak toprakların mikrobiyal oranları (Cmic/Corg, Cmic/Nmic ve Nmic/Ntotal) elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda mikrobiyal oranlar (Cmic/Corg, Cmic/Nmic ve Nmic/Ntotal) bakımından orman, mera ve tarım alanları arasında farklılıkların olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu oranlar topraktaki organik maddenin ayrışma durumunu ve hakim mikroorganizma gruplarını (bakteri ve mantar) göstermesi bakımından önemlidir.

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, birinci yazar tarafından hazırlanan yüksek lisans tezinden üretilmiştir. Bu vesile ile bu çalışmanın gerçekleştirilmesinde emeği geçen herkese, çalışmam boyunca benden bir an olsun yardımlarını esirgemeyen ve beni cesaretlendiren eşim Tûba BOLAT’a ve bu günlere gelmemde her türlü maddi ve manevi desteklerini esirgemeyen ve her zaman yanımda hissettiğim aileme sonsuz teşekkürlerimi sunarım.

Kaynakça

  • Altunışık, R., Çoşkun, R. Yıldırım, E., Bayraktaroğlu, S. (2002). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri SPSS Uygulamalı, Geliştirilmiş 2. Basım, Sakarya Kitapevi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, İ.İ.B.F., Sakarya, 281 sayfa.
  • Anderson, J. P. E., Domsch, K. H. (1973). Quantification of bacterial and fungal contribution to soil respiration. Archives of Microbiology, 93, 113–127.
  • Anderson, J. M., Ingram, J. S. I. (1996). Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility A Handbook of Methods, Second Edition, Cab International Wallingford, UK, 221 pages.
  • Anderson, J. P. E., Domsch, K. H. (1989). Ratios of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 21, 471–479.
  • Anderson, T. H., Domsch, K. H. (1986). Carbon assimilation and microbial activity in soil. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, 149, 457–468.
  • Bauhus, J. D., Pare, D., Cote, L. (1998). Effects of tree species, stand age, and soil type on soil microbial biomass and its activity in a southern boreal forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 30, 1077–1089.
  • Brookes, P. C., Landman, A., Pruden, G., Jenkinson, D. S. (1985). Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid extraction metod to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17, 837–842.
  • Carter, M. R., Gregorich, E. G., Angers, D. A., Beare, M. H., Sparling, G. P., Wardle, D. A., Voroney, R. P. (1999). Interpretation of microbial biomass measurements for soil quality assessment in humid temperate regions. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 79, 507–520.
  • Christensen, M. (1989). A View of Fungal Ecology. Mycologia, 81(1), 1–19.
  • Cleveland C. C., Townsend A. R., Constance, B. C., Ley, R. E., Steven, K. S., (2004). Soil microbial dynamics in Costa Rica: seasonal and biogeochemical constraints. Biotropica, 36(2), 184–195.
  • Franzluebbers, A. J., Haney, R. L, Hons, F. M., Zuberer, D. A. (1999). Assessing biological soil quality with chloroform fumigation-incubation: Why subtract a control?. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 79, 521–528.
  • García-Oliva, F., Lancho, J. F. G., Montaño, N. M., Islas, P. (2006). Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics followed by a forest-to-pasture conversion in western Mexico. Agroforestry Systems, 66, 93–100.
  • Gülçur, F. (1974). Toprağın Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Analiz Metodları, Kutulmuş Matbaası, İ.Ü. Yayın No. 1970, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No. 201, İstanbul, 225 s.
  • Harita Genel Komutanlığı (HGT) (1984). 1:25 000 Ölçekli Zonguldak E28-c1, E28-c2, E28-c3, E28-c4 Topografik Haritaları, Ankara.
  • Hu, S., Coleman, D. C., Carroll, C. R., Hendrix, P. P., Beare, M. H. (1997). Labile soil carbon pools in subtropical forest and agricultural ecosystems as influenced by management practices and vegetation types. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 65, 69–78.
  • Irmak, A. (1954). Arazide ve Laboratuvarda Toprağın Araştırılması Metodları, İ.Ü. Yayın No. 559, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No. 27, İstanbul, 150 sayfa.
  • Jenkinson, D.S., Ladd, J. N. (1981). Microbial Biomass in Soil Measurement and Turnover. In Soil Biochemistry, Eds. Paul E.A. and Ladd J.N., Volume 5, Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York and Basel, pp. 415-471.
  • Jenkinson, D. S. (1988). The determination of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil. In Advances in Nitrogen Cycling in Agricultural Ecosystems Ed. Wilson J.R., CAB, Wallingford, England, pp. 368–386.
  • Joergensen, R. G., Anderson, T. H., Wolters, V. (1995). Carbon and nitrogen relationships in the microbial biomass of soils in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 19, 141–147.
  • Jörgensen, R. G. (1995). Die quantitative Bestimmung der mikrobiellen Biomasse in Böden mit der Chloroform-Fumigations-Extraktions-Methode. In Göttinger Bodenkundliche Berichte Ed. Meyer B., Selbstverlag Institut für Bodenwissenschaft Universität Göttingen, Vol. 104, pp. 1–229.
  • Kacar, B. (1996). Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri, III. Toprak Analizleri. Ankara Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Eğitim, Araştırma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayınları No: 3, Ankara, 705 sayfa.
  • Kaiser, E. A., Mueller, T., Joergensen, R. G., Insam, H., Heinemeyer, O. (1992). Evaluations of methods to estimate the soil microbial biomass and the relationship with the soil texture and organic matter. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 24, 675–683.
  • Kara, Ö., Bolat, İ. (2008a). The effect of different land uses on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in Bartın province. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 32(4), 281–288.
  • Kara, Ö., Bolat, İ. (2008b). Microbial biomass C (Cmic) and N (Nmic) content of forest and agricultural soils in Bartın province, Turkey. Ecology, 18(69), 32–40.
  • Khan, K. S., Joergensen, R. G. (2006). Microbial C, N and P relationships in moisture stressed soils of Potohar, Pakistan. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 169, 494-500.
  • Luizao, R. C. C., Bonde, T. A., Rosswall, T. (1992). Seasonal variation of microbial biomass the effect of clear felling in a tropical rainforest and establishment of pasture of clearfelling in a tropical rain forest and establishment of pasture in the Central Amazon. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 24, 805–813.
  • Nielsen, M. N., Winding, A. (2002). Microorganisms as Indicators of Soil Health. National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark. Technical Report No. 388, 84 pages. Özdamar, K. (1999). Paket Programları ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi SPSS MINITAP, İkinci Baskı, Kaan Kitapevi, Eskişehir, 689 sayfa.
  • Parkinson, D., Coleman, D. C. (1991). Microbial communities, activity and biomass. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 34, 3–33.
  • Priha, O., Smolander, A. (1997). Microbial biomass and activity in soil and litter under Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Betula pendula at originally similar field afforestation sites. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 24, 45–51.
  • Tate, K. R., Ross, D. J., Feltham, C. W. (1988). A direct extraction method to estimate soil microbial C: effects of experimental variables and some different calibration procedures. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 20, 329–335.
  • Thornthwaite C. W. (1948). An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geographical Review, 38, 55–94.
  • Vance, E. D., Brookes, P.C., Jenkinson, D. S. (1987a). An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 19, 703–707.
  • Vance, E. D., Brookes, P. C., Jenkinson, D. S. (1987b). Microbial biomass measurements in forest soils: The use of the chloroform fumigation incubation method for strongly acid soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 19, 697–702.
  • Yeates, G. W., Saggar, S. (1998). Comparison of soil microbial properties and fauna under tussock-grassland and pine plantation. Journal of The Royal Society of New Zealand, 28(3), 523–535.
  • Yuan, B. C., Li, Z. Z., Liu, H., Gao, M., Zhang, Y. Y. (2007). Microbial biomass and activity in salt affected soils under arid conditions. Applied Soil Ecology, 35, 319–328.
  • Zhong, Z., Makeschin, F. (2006). Differences of soil microbial biomass and nitrogen transformation under two forest types in central Germany. Plant and Soil, 283, 287–297.

The Effect of Different Land Use on Some Microbial Ratios of Soil

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 254 - 262, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.750823

Öz

Microbial biomass serves as a good indicator of the biological condition of the soil, because it is a living component of soil formation. The research area located in the Ağdacı Village of Bartın Province includes forest, pasture and agricultural areas. The aim of this study is to determine some microbial ratios (Cmic/Corg, Cmic/Nmic and Nmic/Ntotal) of the topsoil (0–5 cm) under different land use (forest, pasture and agriculture). The material part of the study comprises soil samples taken from the topsoil. After the organic carbon (Corg), total nitrogen (Ntotal), microbial biomass C (Cmic) and microbial biomass N (Nmic) results of the soils were obtained, these values were proportioned to each other, and then microbial ratios (Cmic/Corg, Cmic/Nmic and Nmic/Ntotal) were obtained. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that there are differences between forest, pasture and agricultural areas regarding microbial ratios (Cmic/Corg, Cmic/Nmic and Nmic/Ntotal). These ratios are of great importance in terms of demonstrating the decomposition status of organic matter in the soil, and the dominant microorganism groups (bacteria and fungi).

Kaynakça

  • Altunışık, R., Çoşkun, R. Yıldırım, E., Bayraktaroğlu, S. (2002). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri SPSS Uygulamalı, Geliştirilmiş 2. Basım, Sakarya Kitapevi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, İ.İ.B.F., Sakarya, 281 sayfa.
  • Anderson, J. P. E., Domsch, K. H. (1973). Quantification of bacterial and fungal contribution to soil respiration. Archives of Microbiology, 93, 113–127.
  • Anderson, J. M., Ingram, J. S. I. (1996). Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility A Handbook of Methods, Second Edition, Cab International Wallingford, UK, 221 pages.
  • Anderson, J. P. E., Domsch, K. H. (1989). Ratios of microbial biomass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 21, 471–479.
  • Anderson, T. H., Domsch, K. H. (1986). Carbon assimilation and microbial activity in soil. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, 149, 457–468.
  • Bauhus, J. D., Pare, D., Cote, L. (1998). Effects of tree species, stand age, and soil type on soil microbial biomass and its activity in a southern boreal forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 30, 1077–1089.
  • Brookes, P. C., Landman, A., Pruden, G., Jenkinson, D. S. (1985). Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid extraction metod to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17, 837–842.
  • Carter, M. R., Gregorich, E. G., Angers, D. A., Beare, M. H., Sparling, G. P., Wardle, D. A., Voroney, R. P. (1999). Interpretation of microbial biomass measurements for soil quality assessment in humid temperate regions. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 79, 507–520.
  • Christensen, M. (1989). A View of Fungal Ecology. Mycologia, 81(1), 1–19.
  • Cleveland C. C., Townsend A. R., Constance, B. C., Ley, R. E., Steven, K. S., (2004). Soil microbial dynamics in Costa Rica: seasonal and biogeochemical constraints. Biotropica, 36(2), 184–195.
  • Franzluebbers, A. J., Haney, R. L, Hons, F. M., Zuberer, D. A. (1999). Assessing biological soil quality with chloroform fumigation-incubation: Why subtract a control?. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 79, 521–528.
  • García-Oliva, F., Lancho, J. F. G., Montaño, N. M., Islas, P. (2006). Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics followed by a forest-to-pasture conversion in western Mexico. Agroforestry Systems, 66, 93–100.
  • Gülçur, F. (1974). Toprağın Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Analiz Metodları, Kutulmuş Matbaası, İ.Ü. Yayın No. 1970, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No. 201, İstanbul, 225 s.
  • Harita Genel Komutanlığı (HGT) (1984). 1:25 000 Ölçekli Zonguldak E28-c1, E28-c2, E28-c3, E28-c4 Topografik Haritaları, Ankara.
  • Hu, S., Coleman, D. C., Carroll, C. R., Hendrix, P. P., Beare, M. H. (1997). Labile soil carbon pools in subtropical forest and agricultural ecosystems as influenced by management practices and vegetation types. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 65, 69–78.
  • Irmak, A. (1954). Arazide ve Laboratuvarda Toprağın Araştırılması Metodları, İ.Ü. Yayın No. 559, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No. 27, İstanbul, 150 sayfa.
  • Jenkinson, D.S., Ladd, J. N. (1981). Microbial Biomass in Soil Measurement and Turnover. In Soil Biochemistry, Eds. Paul E.A. and Ladd J.N., Volume 5, Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York and Basel, pp. 415-471.
  • Jenkinson, D. S. (1988). The determination of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil. In Advances in Nitrogen Cycling in Agricultural Ecosystems Ed. Wilson J.R., CAB, Wallingford, England, pp. 368–386.
  • Joergensen, R. G., Anderson, T. H., Wolters, V. (1995). Carbon and nitrogen relationships in the microbial biomass of soils in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 19, 141–147.
  • Jörgensen, R. G. (1995). Die quantitative Bestimmung der mikrobiellen Biomasse in Böden mit der Chloroform-Fumigations-Extraktions-Methode. In Göttinger Bodenkundliche Berichte Ed. Meyer B., Selbstverlag Institut für Bodenwissenschaft Universität Göttingen, Vol. 104, pp. 1–229.
  • Kacar, B. (1996). Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri, III. Toprak Analizleri. Ankara Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Eğitim, Araştırma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayınları No: 3, Ankara, 705 sayfa.
  • Kaiser, E. A., Mueller, T., Joergensen, R. G., Insam, H., Heinemeyer, O. (1992). Evaluations of methods to estimate the soil microbial biomass and the relationship with the soil texture and organic matter. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 24, 675–683.
  • Kara, Ö., Bolat, İ. (2008a). The effect of different land uses on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in Bartın province. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 32(4), 281–288.
  • Kara, Ö., Bolat, İ. (2008b). Microbial biomass C (Cmic) and N (Nmic) content of forest and agricultural soils in Bartın province, Turkey. Ecology, 18(69), 32–40.
  • Khan, K. S., Joergensen, R. G. (2006). Microbial C, N and P relationships in moisture stressed soils of Potohar, Pakistan. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 169, 494-500.
  • Luizao, R. C. C., Bonde, T. A., Rosswall, T. (1992). Seasonal variation of microbial biomass the effect of clear felling in a tropical rainforest and establishment of pasture of clearfelling in a tropical rain forest and establishment of pasture in the Central Amazon. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 24, 805–813.
  • Nielsen, M. N., Winding, A. (2002). Microorganisms as Indicators of Soil Health. National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark. Technical Report No. 388, 84 pages. Özdamar, K. (1999). Paket Programları ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi SPSS MINITAP, İkinci Baskı, Kaan Kitapevi, Eskişehir, 689 sayfa.
  • Parkinson, D., Coleman, D. C. (1991). Microbial communities, activity and biomass. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 34, 3–33.
  • Priha, O., Smolander, A. (1997). Microbial biomass and activity in soil and litter under Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Betula pendula at originally similar field afforestation sites. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 24, 45–51.
  • Tate, K. R., Ross, D. J., Feltham, C. W. (1988). A direct extraction method to estimate soil microbial C: effects of experimental variables and some different calibration procedures. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 20, 329–335.
  • Thornthwaite C. W. (1948). An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geographical Review, 38, 55–94.
  • Vance, E. D., Brookes, P.C., Jenkinson, D. S. (1987a). An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 19, 703–707.
  • Vance, E. D., Brookes, P. C., Jenkinson, D. S. (1987b). Microbial biomass measurements in forest soils: The use of the chloroform fumigation incubation method for strongly acid soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 19, 697–702.
  • Yeates, G. W., Saggar, S. (1998). Comparison of soil microbial properties and fauna under tussock-grassland and pine plantation. Journal of The Royal Society of New Zealand, 28(3), 523–535.
  • Yuan, B. C., Li, Z. Z., Liu, H., Gao, M., Zhang, Y. Y. (2007). Microbial biomass and activity in salt affected soils under arid conditions. Applied Soil Ecology, 35, 319–328.
  • Zhong, Z., Makeschin, F. (2006). Differences of soil microbial biomass and nitrogen transformation under two forest types in central Germany. Plant and Soil, 283, 287–297.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği
Bölüm Biodiversity, Environmental Management and Policy, Sustainable Forestry
Yazarlar

İlyas Bolat 0000-0002-5354-2968

Ömer Kara 0000-0002-7787-7463

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Bolat, İ., & Kara, Ö. (2021). Farklı Arazi Kullanımının Toprağın Bazı Mikrobiyal Oranları Üzerine Etkisi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 254-262. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.750823


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