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Orman Karıncalarının (Formica rufa grup) Mikroeklembacaklı Komünite Yapısına Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 941 - 949, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.970997

Öz

Kuzey yarım kürede yaygın olarak bulunan orman karıncaları (Formica rufa grubu) ibre, dal, ağaç kabuğu, reçine ve otsu türler kullanarak toprak üzerinde tepecik halinde yuva yaparlar. Yuva yapımında kullanılan organik madde, yuva etrafındaki toprakların özelliklerini değiştirir. Ayrıca orman karıncaları yiyecek arama faaliyetleriyle de yuva etrafındaki toprakların özelliklerini ve diğer canlıları etkilerler. Orman karıncalarının, mikroeklembacaklılar üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için yürütülen bu çalışma, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Araştırma Ormanında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Karaçam (Pinus nigra) ormanında seçilen dört adet benzer hacimdeki (0,54±0,05 m3) kırmızı orman karıncası yuvasının yanından (0,5 m) ve 10 m uzağından çelik silindirler ile mikroeklembacaklılar örneklenmiştir. Teşhisleri ve sayımları yapılan mikroeklembacaklıların komünite yapıları ve çeşitlilik indeks değerlerine tekrarlı ölçümlerde varyans analizi ile uygulanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak mikroeklembacaklıların miktarı ile farklı beslenme seviyelerindeki (çürükçül, yırtıcı ve otçul) canlıların miktarları yuvadan uzaklaştıkça artmıştır. Bununla birlikte karınca yuvalarının mikroeklembacaklı çeşitliliğini düşürdüğü belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Bristow C, Cappaert D, Campbell N, Heise A (1992). Nest structure and colony cycle of the Allegheny mound ant, Formica exsectoides Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 39: 385-402.
  • Cakir M, Makineci E (2013). Humus characteristics and seasonal changes of soil arthropod communities in a natural sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) stand and adjacent Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) plantation. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185: 8943-8955.
  • Coenen-Stass D, Schaarschmidt B, Lamprecht I (1980). Temperature distribution and calorimetric determination of heat production in the nest of the wood ant, Formica polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Ecology, 61: 238-244.
  • Cole L, Bradford MA, Shaw PJA, Bardgett RD (2006). The abundance, richness and functional role of soil meso-and macrofauna in temperate grassland—A case study. Applied Soil Ecology, 33: 186-198.
  • Coleman DC, Callaham MA, Crossley Jr D (2018). Fundamentals of soil ecology, 3rd Edition. Academic Press, USA.
  • Çakır M (2019). The negative effect of wood ants (Formica rufa) on microarthropod density and soil biological quality in a semi-arid pine forest. Pedobiologia, 77: 150593.
  • Çakır M, Çakır F, Yalçıntekin Hİ (2020). Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Ormanında Humus Formlarının Belirlenmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6: 82-90.
  • Çakır M, Makineci E (2020). Litter decomposition in pure and mixed Quercus and Fagus stands as influenced by arthropods. The Journal of Forestry Research, 31: 1123–1137.
  • Dindal DL (1990). Soil biology guide. Wiley, New York.
  • Domisch T, Finer L, Neuvonen S, NiemelÄ P, Risch AC, Kilpeläinen J, Ohashi M, Jurgensen MF (2009). Foraging activity and dietary spectrum of wood ants (Formica rufa group) and their role in nutrient fluxes in boreal forests. Ecological Entomology, 34: 369-377.
  • Domisch T, Ohashi M, Finér L, Risch A, Sundström L, Kilpeläinen J, Niemelä P (2008). Decomposition of organic matter and nutrient mineralisation in wood ant (Formica rufa group) mounds in boreal coniferous forests of different age. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 44: 539-545.
  • Domisch T, Risch AC, Robinson EJH (2016). Wood ant foraging and mutualism with aphids. In: Jenni, A., Stockan, Elva, J.H., Robinson (Eds.), Wood Ant Ecology and Conservation. Cambridge University Press pp. 145-176.
  • Duma I (2003). The impact of red wood ants Formica rufa on the distribution of invertebrate fauna from the forest’s floor. Annals of West University of Timisoara: Series of Biology, 1011: 121-130. Ettema CH, Wardle DA (2002). Spatial soil ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17: 177-183.
  • Frouz J, Jilkova V (2008). The effect of ants on soil properties and processes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News, 11: 191-199.
  • Gülsoy S, Özkan K (2008). Tür çeşitliliğinin ekolojik açıdan önemi ve kullanılan bazı indisler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 1: 168-178.
  • Hawes C, Evans HF, Stewart AJ (2013). Interference competition, not predation, explains the negative association between wood ants (Formica rufa) and abundance of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Ecological Entomology, 38: 315-322.
  • Jílková V, Matějíček L, Frouz J (2011). Changes in the pH and other soil chemical parameters in soil surrounding wood ant (Formica polyctena) nests. European Journal of Soil Biology, 47: 72-76.
  • Jílková V, Šebek O, Frouz J (2012). Mechanisms of pH change in wood ant (Formica polyctena) nests. Pedobiologia, 55: 247-251.
  • Joimel S, Schwartz C, Hedde M, Kiyota S, Krogh PH, Nahmani J, Pérès G, Vergnes A, Cortet J (2017). Urban and industrial land uses have a higher soil biological quality than expected from physicochemical quality. Science of the Total Environment, 584: 614-621.
  • Jones CG, Lawton JH, Shachak M (1994). Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos, 69: 373-386.
  • Jouquet P, Dauber J, Lagerlöf J, Lavelle P, Lepage M (2006). Soil invertebrates as ecosystem engineers: intended and accidental effects on soil and feedback loops. Applied Soil Ecology, 32: 153-164.
  • Jurgensen M, Finer L, Domisch T, Kilpeläinen J, Punttila P, Ohashi M, Niemelä P, Sundström L, Neuvonen S, Risch A (2008). Organic mound‐building ants: their impact on soil properties in temperate and boreal forests. Journal of Applied Entomology, 132: 266-275.
  • Kadochová Š, Frouz J (2014). Red wood ants Formica polyctena switch off active thermoregulation of the nest in autumn. Insectes sociaux, 61: 297-306.
  • Karaöz MÖ (1989). Toprakların bazı kimyasal özelliklerinin (pH, karbonat, tuzluluk, organik madde, total azot, yararlanılabilir fosfor) analiz yöntemleri. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 39: 64-82.
  • Laakso J, Salminen J, Setälä H (1995). Effects of abiotic conditions and microarthropod predation on the structure and function of soil animal communities. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 196: 162-167.
  • Laakso J, Setälä H (2000). Impacts of wood ants (Formica aquilonia Yarr.) on the invertebrate food web of the boreal forest floor. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 37: 93-100.
  • Lavelle P, Bignell D, Lepage M, Wolters W, Roger P, Ineson P, Heal O, Dhillion S (1997). Soil function in a changing world: the role of invertebrate ecosystem engineers. European Journal of Soil Biology, 33: 159-193.
  • Lenoir L (2003). Response of the foraging behaviour of red wood ants (Formica rufa group) to exclusion from trees. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 5: 183-189.
  • Lenoir L, Bengtsson J, Persson T (2003). Effects of Formica ants on soil fauna-results from a short-term exclusion and a long-term natural experiment. Oecologia, 134: 423-430.
  • Lenoir L, Persson T, Bengtsson J (2001). Wood ant nests as potential hot spots for carbon and nitrogen mineralisation. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 34: 235-240.
  • Menta C, Conti F, Pinto S, Leoni A, Lozano-Fondón C (2014). Monitoring soil restoration in an open-pit mine in northern Italy. Applied Soil Ecology, 83: 22-29.
  • Menta C, Leoni A, Gardi C, Conti FD (2011). Are grasslands important habitats for soil microarthropod conservation? Biodiversity and Conservation, 20: 1073-1087.
  • Moore JC, Walter DE, Hunt HW (1988). Arthropod regulation of micro and mesobiota in below-ground detrital food webs. Ann. Rev. Entomol., 33: 419-439.
  • Özkan K (2016). Biyolojik çeşitlilik bileşenleri (α, β ve γ) nasıl ölçülür? SDÜ Basımevi, Isparta.
  • Özkan K, Küçüksille E, Ahmet M, Gülsoy S, Halil S, Başar M (2020). Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Bileşenleri (BİÇEB) hesaplama yazılımı. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 21: 344-348.
  • Parr C, Eggleton P, Davies A, Evans TA, Holdsworth S (2016). Suppression of savanna ants alters invertebrate composition and influences key ecosystem processes. Ecology, 97: 1611-1617.
  • Reznikova Z, Dorosheva H (2004). Impacts of red wood ants Formica polyctena on the spatial distribution and behavioural patterns of ground beetles (Carabidae). Pedobiologia, 48: 15-21.
  • Robinson EJH, Stockan JA, Iason GR (2016). Wood ants and their interaction with other organisms. In: Stockan, J.A., Robinson, E.J.H. (Eds.), Wood ant ecology and conservation. Cambridge University Press pp. 177-206.
  • Skinner G (1980). The feeding habits of the wood-ant, Formica rufa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in limestone woodland in north-west England. The Journal of Animal Ecology: 417-433.
  • Šmilauer P, Lepš J (2014). Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO. Cambridge University Press, U.K.
  • SPSS (2011). IBM SPSS statistics base 20. SPSS Incorporated, Chicago, IL.
  • Stadler B, Schramm A, Kalbitz K (2006). Ant-mediated effects on spruce litter decomposition, solution chemistry, and microbial activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38: 561-572.
  • Stockan JA, Robinson EJ (2016). Wood ant ecology and conservation. Cambridge University Press.
  • Swift MJ, Heal W, Anderson JM (1979). Decomposition in Terrestrial Ecosystems. University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Wagg C, Bender SF, Widmer F, van der Heijden MG (2014). Soil biodiversity and soil community composition determine ecosystem multifunctionality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111: 5266-5270.
  • Wallwork JA (1976). The Distribution and Diversity of Soil fauna. Academic Press, London.

Effect of Wood Ants (Formica rufa group) on Community Structure of Microarthropod

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 941 - 949, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.970997

Öz

Wood ants (Formica rufa group) are mostly found across the northern hemisphere, they generally use needle, branch, bark, resin, and herbaceous species to construct the nest as a mound on the soil. The organic matter which is used in nest construction changes the properties of the soils adjacent to the nest. They also affect soil properties and other fauna around the nest through foraging activities. This study, conducted to determine the effects of wood ants on microarthropods, was carried out in Çankırı Karatekin University Research Forest, Çankırı-Turkey. Microarthropods were sampled with steel core from the adjacent (0.5 m) and 10 m away from the four similar volumes (0.54 ± 0.05 m3) of the wood ant nests selected in the black pine (Pinus nigra) forest. The community structures and diversity index values of the microarthropods, which were identified and counted, were evaluated by repeated measurements with ANOVA. As a result, the density of microarthropods and the number of organisms at different trophic levels (detritivore, predator, and herbivorous) increased 10 m away from the nest. Additionally, it has been determined that wood ant nests decrease of the diversity of microarthropods.

Kaynakça

  • Bristow C, Cappaert D, Campbell N, Heise A (1992). Nest structure and colony cycle of the Allegheny mound ant, Formica exsectoides Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 39: 385-402.
  • Cakir M, Makineci E (2013). Humus characteristics and seasonal changes of soil arthropod communities in a natural sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) stand and adjacent Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) plantation. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185: 8943-8955.
  • Coenen-Stass D, Schaarschmidt B, Lamprecht I (1980). Temperature distribution and calorimetric determination of heat production in the nest of the wood ant, Formica polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Ecology, 61: 238-244.
  • Cole L, Bradford MA, Shaw PJA, Bardgett RD (2006). The abundance, richness and functional role of soil meso-and macrofauna in temperate grassland—A case study. Applied Soil Ecology, 33: 186-198.
  • Coleman DC, Callaham MA, Crossley Jr D (2018). Fundamentals of soil ecology, 3rd Edition. Academic Press, USA.
  • Çakır M (2019). The negative effect of wood ants (Formica rufa) on microarthropod density and soil biological quality in a semi-arid pine forest. Pedobiologia, 77: 150593.
  • Çakır M, Çakır F, Yalçıntekin Hİ (2020). Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Ormanında Humus Formlarının Belirlenmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6: 82-90.
  • Çakır M, Makineci E (2020). Litter decomposition in pure and mixed Quercus and Fagus stands as influenced by arthropods. The Journal of Forestry Research, 31: 1123–1137.
  • Dindal DL (1990). Soil biology guide. Wiley, New York.
  • Domisch T, Finer L, Neuvonen S, NiemelÄ P, Risch AC, Kilpeläinen J, Ohashi M, Jurgensen MF (2009). Foraging activity and dietary spectrum of wood ants (Formica rufa group) and their role in nutrient fluxes in boreal forests. Ecological Entomology, 34: 369-377.
  • Domisch T, Ohashi M, Finér L, Risch A, Sundström L, Kilpeläinen J, Niemelä P (2008). Decomposition of organic matter and nutrient mineralisation in wood ant (Formica rufa group) mounds in boreal coniferous forests of different age. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 44: 539-545.
  • Domisch T, Risch AC, Robinson EJH (2016). Wood ant foraging and mutualism with aphids. In: Jenni, A., Stockan, Elva, J.H., Robinson (Eds.), Wood Ant Ecology and Conservation. Cambridge University Press pp. 145-176.
  • Duma I (2003). The impact of red wood ants Formica rufa on the distribution of invertebrate fauna from the forest’s floor. Annals of West University of Timisoara: Series of Biology, 1011: 121-130. Ettema CH, Wardle DA (2002). Spatial soil ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17: 177-183.
  • Frouz J, Jilkova V (2008). The effect of ants on soil properties and processes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News, 11: 191-199.
  • Gülsoy S, Özkan K (2008). Tür çeşitliliğinin ekolojik açıdan önemi ve kullanılan bazı indisler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 1: 168-178.
  • Hawes C, Evans HF, Stewart AJ (2013). Interference competition, not predation, explains the negative association between wood ants (Formica rufa) and abundance of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Ecological Entomology, 38: 315-322.
  • Jílková V, Matějíček L, Frouz J (2011). Changes in the pH and other soil chemical parameters in soil surrounding wood ant (Formica polyctena) nests. European Journal of Soil Biology, 47: 72-76.
  • Jílková V, Šebek O, Frouz J (2012). Mechanisms of pH change in wood ant (Formica polyctena) nests. Pedobiologia, 55: 247-251.
  • Joimel S, Schwartz C, Hedde M, Kiyota S, Krogh PH, Nahmani J, Pérès G, Vergnes A, Cortet J (2017). Urban and industrial land uses have a higher soil biological quality than expected from physicochemical quality. Science of the Total Environment, 584: 614-621.
  • Jones CG, Lawton JH, Shachak M (1994). Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos, 69: 373-386.
  • Jouquet P, Dauber J, Lagerlöf J, Lavelle P, Lepage M (2006). Soil invertebrates as ecosystem engineers: intended and accidental effects on soil and feedback loops. Applied Soil Ecology, 32: 153-164.
  • Jurgensen M, Finer L, Domisch T, Kilpeläinen J, Punttila P, Ohashi M, Niemelä P, Sundström L, Neuvonen S, Risch A (2008). Organic mound‐building ants: their impact on soil properties in temperate and boreal forests. Journal of Applied Entomology, 132: 266-275.
  • Kadochová Š, Frouz J (2014). Red wood ants Formica polyctena switch off active thermoregulation of the nest in autumn. Insectes sociaux, 61: 297-306.
  • Karaöz MÖ (1989). Toprakların bazı kimyasal özelliklerinin (pH, karbonat, tuzluluk, organik madde, total azot, yararlanılabilir fosfor) analiz yöntemleri. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 39: 64-82.
  • Laakso J, Salminen J, Setälä H (1995). Effects of abiotic conditions and microarthropod predation on the structure and function of soil animal communities. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 196: 162-167.
  • Laakso J, Setälä H (2000). Impacts of wood ants (Formica aquilonia Yarr.) on the invertebrate food web of the boreal forest floor. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 37: 93-100.
  • Lavelle P, Bignell D, Lepage M, Wolters W, Roger P, Ineson P, Heal O, Dhillion S (1997). Soil function in a changing world: the role of invertebrate ecosystem engineers. European Journal of Soil Biology, 33: 159-193.
  • Lenoir L (2003). Response of the foraging behaviour of red wood ants (Formica rufa group) to exclusion from trees. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 5: 183-189.
  • Lenoir L, Bengtsson J, Persson T (2003). Effects of Formica ants on soil fauna-results from a short-term exclusion and a long-term natural experiment. Oecologia, 134: 423-430.
  • Lenoir L, Persson T, Bengtsson J (2001). Wood ant nests as potential hot spots for carbon and nitrogen mineralisation. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 34: 235-240.
  • Menta C, Conti F, Pinto S, Leoni A, Lozano-Fondón C (2014). Monitoring soil restoration in an open-pit mine in northern Italy. Applied Soil Ecology, 83: 22-29.
  • Menta C, Leoni A, Gardi C, Conti FD (2011). Are grasslands important habitats for soil microarthropod conservation? Biodiversity and Conservation, 20: 1073-1087.
  • Moore JC, Walter DE, Hunt HW (1988). Arthropod regulation of micro and mesobiota in below-ground detrital food webs. Ann. Rev. Entomol., 33: 419-439.
  • Özkan K (2016). Biyolojik çeşitlilik bileşenleri (α, β ve γ) nasıl ölçülür? SDÜ Basımevi, Isparta.
  • Özkan K, Küçüksille E, Ahmet M, Gülsoy S, Halil S, Başar M (2020). Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Bileşenleri (BİÇEB) hesaplama yazılımı. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 21: 344-348.
  • Parr C, Eggleton P, Davies A, Evans TA, Holdsworth S (2016). Suppression of savanna ants alters invertebrate composition and influences key ecosystem processes. Ecology, 97: 1611-1617.
  • Reznikova Z, Dorosheva H (2004). Impacts of red wood ants Formica polyctena on the spatial distribution and behavioural patterns of ground beetles (Carabidae). Pedobiologia, 48: 15-21.
  • Robinson EJH, Stockan JA, Iason GR (2016). Wood ants and their interaction with other organisms. In: Stockan, J.A., Robinson, E.J.H. (Eds.), Wood ant ecology and conservation. Cambridge University Press pp. 177-206.
  • Skinner G (1980). The feeding habits of the wood-ant, Formica rufa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in limestone woodland in north-west England. The Journal of Animal Ecology: 417-433.
  • Šmilauer P, Lepš J (2014). Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO. Cambridge University Press, U.K.
  • SPSS (2011). IBM SPSS statistics base 20. SPSS Incorporated, Chicago, IL.
  • Stadler B, Schramm A, Kalbitz K (2006). Ant-mediated effects on spruce litter decomposition, solution chemistry, and microbial activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38: 561-572.
  • Stockan JA, Robinson EJ (2016). Wood ant ecology and conservation. Cambridge University Press.
  • Swift MJ, Heal W, Anderson JM (1979). Decomposition in Terrestrial Ecosystems. University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Wagg C, Bender SF, Widmer F, van der Heijden MG (2014). Soil biodiversity and soil community composition determine ecosystem multifunctionality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111: 5266-5270.
  • Wallwork JA (1976). The Distribution and Diversity of Soil fauna. Academic Press, London.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği
Bölüm Biodiversity, Environmental Management and Policy, Sustainable Forestry
Yazarlar

Meriç Çakır 0000-0001-8402-5114

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Çakır, M. (2021). Orman Karıncalarının (Formica rufa grup) Mikroeklembacaklı Komünite Yapısına Etkisi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(3), 941-949. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.970997


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