Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Forest Road Projects

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 530 - 541, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1073229

Öz

Road networks are accepted as a criterion showing the level of development of countries. Undoubtedly, the role of highways in facilitating human life is quite important. However, road routes involve high cost land surveying studies that can pass through areas with various land use types and cover.For forest road routes to be built in forest areas, points representing the land surface can be obtained by various measurement methods (remote sensing, photogrammetry and terrestrial measurement techniques). Depending on the land structure and cover, difficulties are encountered in the determination of spatial points with terrestrial measurement techniques. In this study, as an alternative to the terrestrial measurement technique, 341 m long forest road excavation and filling calculations were carried out with the help of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. Photo pairs taken from different heights (50 m, 75 m and 100 m) with real-time kinematics (RTK) GPS UAV were processed with Agisoft to produce a point cloud. The point cloud data obtained by digital photogrammetry and land measurement methods were carried out in NetCAD environment for the excavation and filling calculations for the same road route. Between the two methods, in the 50 m, 75 m and 100 m measurements of the UAV obtained by ground measurement; In the calculation of the UAV 50m measurement amount, 0.27% in the total excavation amount and 1.08% difference in the total filling amount, 2.51% in the total excavation amount and 5.22% in the total filling amount in the calculation of the UAV 75 m measurement amount, and the total difference in the UAV 100m measurement amount in the calculation of the UAV 50m measurement amount. A difference of 3.13% in the amount of excavation and 2.53% in the total amount of filling was determined. These results show that UAV photogrammetry is very effective in forest road projects and in calculating the amount of earthwork volume in mountainous terrain.

Teşekkür

This study was produced from a master’s thesis prepared by Mihrişah KINALI and supervised by Prof. Dr. Erhan ÇALIŞKAN for the Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Kaynakça

  • Akgül, M., Yurtseven, H., Demir, M., Akay, A. E., Gülci, S. and Öztürk, T. (2016). Usage opportuni-ties of generating digital elevation model with unmanned aerial vehicles on forestry. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 66(1), 104-118.
  • Akgül, M., Yurtseven, H., Gulci, S. and Akay, A. E. (2018). Evaluation of UAV-and GNSS-Based DEMs for Earthwork Volume. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 43(4):1893-1909.
  • Akturk, E. and Altunel, A. O. (2019). Accuracy assessment of a low-cost UAV derived digital eleva-tion model (DEM) in a highly broken and vegetated terrain. Measurement, 136, 382-386.
  • Buğday, E. (2018). Capabilities of using UAVs in forest road construction activities. European Jour-nal of Forest Engineering, 4(2), 56-62.
  • Contreras, M., Aracena, P. and Chung, W. (2012). Improving accuracy in earthwork volume estima-tion for proposed forest roads using a high-resolution digital elevation model. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 33(1), 125–142.
  • Çalışkan, E. (2013). Planning of forest road network and analysis in mountainous area, Life Science Journal, 10(2), 2456-2465.
  • Çalıskan, E. and Sevim, Y. (2021). Forest road detection using deep learning models. Geocarto Iınter-natıonal, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2021.1926555
  • Eker. R. and Aydın, A. (2020). The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for tracking stock mo-vements in forest enterprise depots. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 6(2), 68-77.
  • Erdoğan, A. (2016). Şeritvari Haritaların İnsansız Hava Araçları ile Üretimi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sel-çuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Konya, 48s.
  • Fidancı, Y. and Karabörk, H. (2019). Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in highway projects in forest areas. GUFBED, 9(3), 473-485.
  • Gençerk, E. Y. (2016). İnsansız Hava Aracı Fotogrametrisi Uygulaması ile İnşaat Projesi İmalat Duru-munun Araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Geomatik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, 127 s.
  • Horcher, A. and Visser, R. J. (2004). Unmanned aerial vehicles: applications for natural resource ma-nagement and monitoring. Council on Forest Engineering Proceedings 2004. Machines and Pe-ople, The Interface. Menteşoğlu, B. E. ve İnan, M. (2016). İnsansız Hava Araçlarının (İHA) Ormancılık Uygulamalarında Kullanımı. 6. Uzaktan Algılama ve CBS Sempozyumu, 5-7 Ekim 2016, Adana.
  • Pierzchała, M., Talbot, B. and Astrup, R. (2014). Estimating soil displacement from timber extraction trails in steep terrain: application of an unmanned aircraft for 3D modelling. Forests, 5, 6, 1212-1223.
  • Rathinam, S., Kim, Z.W. and Sengupta, R. (2008). Vision-based monitoring of locally linear structures using an unmanned aerial vehicle. First Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 14 1, 52-63.
  • Siebert, S. and Teizer, J. (2014). Mobile 3D mapping for surve-ying earthwork projects using an Un-manned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) System. Automation in Construction, 41, 1-14.
  • Stuckelberger, J. A., Heinimann, H. R. and Burlet, E. C. (2006). Modelling spatial variability in the life-cycle costs of low-volume forest roads. European Journal of Forest Research, 125(5): 377–390.
  • Tercan, E. (2017). Evaluation of Digital Terrain Model Obtained with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Roadway Projects: Bucak-Kocaaliler Roadway Example. The Journal of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 8(2), 172-183
  • URL 1 (2021). https://www.dji.com/phantom-4-rtk (26.11.2021).
  • Vilariño, L. D., Jorge, G. H., Sánchez, M. J., Bueno, M. and Arias, P. (2016). Determining the limits of unmanned aerial photogrammetry for the evaluation of road runoff. Measurement, 85, 132-141.
  • Yurtseven, H. (2019). Comparison of GNSS-, TLS-and different altitude UAV-generated datasets on the basis of spatial differences. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(4), 175.
  • Zarco-Tejadaa, P. J., Diaz-Varelaa. R., Angileria C. and Loudjania, V. P. (2014). Tree height quantifi-cation using very high resolution imagery acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and automatic 3D photo-reconstruction methods. European Journal of Agronomy 55, 89-99.
  • Zeybek, M. and Şanlıoğlu, İ. (2020). Investigation of landslide detection using radial basis functions: a case study of the Taşkent landslide, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192(4), 1-19.
  • Zhang, C. and Elaksher, A. (2012). An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle based ımaging system for 3D mea-surement of unpaved road surface distresses, Computer-Aided Civil Infrastructure Engineering, 27(2), 118-129.

İnsansız Hava Araçlarının Orman Yolu Projelerinde Kullanımı

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 530 - 541, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1073229

Öz

Yol ağları, ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyini gösteren bir ölçüt olarak kabul edilmektedir. Hiç şüphesiz kara yollarının insan hayatını kolaylaştırmada rolü oldukça önemlidir. Bununla birlikte kara yolu güzergâhları çeşitli arazi kullanım tipi ve örtüsünün bulunduğu alanlardan geçebilen yüksek maliyetli arazi ölçme çalışmalarını içermektedir. Ormanlık alanlarda inşa edilecek orman yol güzergâhları için arazi yüzeyini temsil eden noktalar çeşitli ölçme yöntemleri (uzaktan algılama, fotogrametri ve yersel ölçüm teknikleri) ile elde edilebilmektedir. Arazi yapısına ve örtüsüne bağlı olarak yersel ölçme teknikleri ile konumsal noktaların tespitinde güçlüklerle karşılaşılmaktadır. Sık ormanlık alanlarda, arazi yüzeyinde konumsal nokta toplama işlemi maliyeti arttırmakta ve uzun zaman almaktadır. Bu çalışmada yersel ölçüm tekniğine bir alternatif olarak İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) fotogrametrisi yardımı ile yaklaşık 341 m uzunluğunda orman yolu kazı ve dolgu hesapları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçek zamanlı kinematik (RTK) GPS’li İHA ile farklı yüksekliklerden (50 m, 75 m ve 100 m) çekilen fotoğraf çiftleri Agisoft ile işlenerek nokta bulutu üretilmiştir. Dijital fotogrametri ve arazi ölçüm yöntemleri ile elde edilen nokta bulutu verileri aynı yol güzergâhı için kazı ve dolgu hesabı NetCAD ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. İki yöntem arasında, yersel ölçüm ile elde edilen İHA 50 m, 75 m ve 100 m ölçümlerinde; İHA 50m ölçüm miktarının hesabında toplam kazı miktarında %0,27 ve toplam dolgu miktarında %1,08 fark, İHA 75m ölçüm miktarının hesabında toplam kazı miktarında %2,51 ve toplam dolgu miktarında %5,22 fark ile İHA 100m ölçüm miktarının hesabında toplam kazı miktarında %3,13 ve toplam dolgu miktarında %2,53 fark belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, İHA fotogrametrisinin dağlık arazide orman yolu projelerinde ve toprak hacmi miktarının hesaplanmasında oldukça etkili olduğunu göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Akgül, M., Yurtseven, H., Demir, M., Akay, A. E., Gülci, S. and Öztürk, T. (2016). Usage opportuni-ties of generating digital elevation model with unmanned aerial vehicles on forestry. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 66(1), 104-118.
  • Akgül, M., Yurtseven, H., Gulci, S. and Akay, A. E. (2018). Evaluation of UAV-and GNSS-Based DEMs for Earthwork Volume. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 43(4):1893-1909.
  • Akturk, E. and Altunel, A. O. (2019). Accuracy assessment of a low-cost UAV derived digital eleva-tion model (DEM) in a highly broken and vegetated terrain. Measurement, 136, 382-386.
  • Buğday, E. (2018). Capabilities of using UAVs in forest road construction activities. European Jour-nal of Forest Engineering, 4(2), 56-62.
  • Contreras, M., Aracena, P. and Chung, W. (2012). Improving accuracy in earthwork volume estima-tion for proposed forest roads using a high-resolution digital elevation model. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 33(1), 125–142.
  • Çalışkan, E. (2013). Planning of forest road network and analysis in mountainous area, Life Science Journal, 10(2), 2456-2465.
  • Çalıskan, E. and Sevim, Y. (2021). Forest road detection using deep learning models. Geocarto Iınter-natıonal, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2021.1926555
  • Eker. R. and Aydın, A. (2020). The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for tracking stock mo-vements in forest enterprise depots. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 6(2), 68-77.
  • Erdoğan, A. (2016). Şeritvari Haritaların İnsansız Hava Araçları ile Üretimi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sel-çuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Konya, 48s.
  • Fidancı, Y. and Karabörk, H. (2019). Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in highway projects in forest areas. GUFBED, 9(3), 473-485.
  • Gençerk, E. Y. (2016). İnsansız Hava Aracı Fotogrametrisi Uygulaması ile İnşaat Projesi İmalat Duru-munun Araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Geomatik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, 127 s.
  • Horcher, A. and Visser, R. J. (2004). Unmanned aerial vehicles: applications for natural resource ma-nagement and monitoring. Council on Forest Engineering Proceedings 2004. Machines and Pe-ople, The Interface. Menteşoğlu, B. E. ve İnan, M. (2016). İnsansız Hava Araçlarının (İHA) Ormancılık Uygulamalarında Kullanımı. 6. Uzaktan Algılama ve CBS Sempozyumu, 5-7 Ekim 2016, Adana.
  • Pierzchała, M., Talbot, B. and Astrup, R. (2014). Estimating soil displacement from timber extraction trails in steep terrain: application of an unmanned aircraft for 3D modelling. Forests, 5, 6, 1212-1223.
  • Rathinam, S., Kim, Z.W. and Sengupta, R. (2008). Vision-based monitoring of locally linear structures using an unmanned aerial vehicle. First Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 14 1, 52-63.
  • Siebert, S. and Teizer, J. (2014). Mobile 3D mapping for surve-ying earthwork projects using an Un-manned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) System. Automation in Construction, 41, 1-14.
  • Stuckelberger, J. A., Heinimann, H. R. and Burlet, E. C. (2006). Modelling spatial variability in the life-cycle costs of low-volume forest roads. European Journal of Forest Research, 125(5): 377–390.
  • Tercan, E. (2017). Evaluation of Digital Terrain Model Obtained with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Roadway Projects: Bucak-Kocaaliler Roadway Example. The Journal of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 8(2), 172-183
  • URL 1 (2021). https://www.dji.com/phantom-4-rtk (26.11.2021).
  • Vilariño, L. D., Jorge, G. H., Sánchez, M. J., Bueno, M. and Arias, P. (2016). Determining the limits of unmanned aerial photogrammetry for the evaluation of road runoff. Measurement, 85, 132-141.
  • Yurtseven, H. (2019). Comparison of GNSS-, TLS-and different altitude UAV-generated datasets on the basis of spatial differences. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(4), 175.
  • Zarco-Tejadaa, P. J., Diaz-Varelaa. R., Angileria C. and Loudjania, V. P. (2014). Tree height quantifi-cation using very high resolution imagery acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and automatic 3D photo-reconstruction methods. European Journal of Agronomy 55, 89-99.
  • Zeybek, M. and Şanlıoğlu, İ. (2020). Investigation of landslide detection using radial basis functions: a case study of the Taşkent landslide, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192(4), 1-19.
  • Zhang, C. and Elaksher, A. (2012). An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle based ımaging system for 3D mea-surement of unpaved road surface distresses, Computer-Aided Civil Infrastructure Engineering, 27(2), 118-129.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Mihrişah Kınalı 0000-0002-3558-5569

Erhan Çalışkan

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 13 Eylül 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kınalı, M., & Çalışkan, E. (2022). Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Forest Road Projects. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 530-541. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1073229


Bartin Orman Fakultesi Dergisi Editorship,

Bartin University, Faculty of Forestry, Dean Floor No:106, Agdaci District, 74100 Bartin-Turkey.

Tel: +90 (378) 223 5094, Fax: +90 (378) 223 5062,

E-mail: bofdergi@gmail.com