Fitoterapide Gelecek Vadeden Bir Drog; Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 51 - 62, 29.04.2022

Rıza Çıtıl , Soner Sorhan , Yalçın Önder , Mücahit Eğri

https://doi.org/10.53445/batd.1031042

Abstract

Günümüzde sağlık alanında birçok konuda modern tıp pratiğine yardımcı olarak faydalanılabilen geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarına olan ilgi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) bitkisi de bu bağlamda uzun süredir araştırmacıların ilgi odağında yer almaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda başlıca antienflamatuar, antihiperglisemik, antihiperlipidemik, antimikrobiyal özellikleri olan, karaciğer bozuklukları, diyabet, dislipidemi, sindirim sistemi bozuklukları, solunum sistemi hastalıkları, anksiyete, uykusuzluk, bağışıklık sistemi bozuklukları ve kanser gibi birçok sağlık sorununda geleneksel olarak kullanılan ve güçlü bir doğal antioksidan olan Ziziphus jujuba bitkisinin etkinliği kanıta dayalı olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Sağlık üzerine etkileri henüz yeterince fark edilmemiş olan bu bitki, yapılacak ileri fitokimyasal çalışmalar sayesinde içerdiği muhtemel yeni biyoaktif moleküllerin keşfi ile birçok başka hastalık için umut vadedici olabilir. Bu derlemede fitoterapide gelecek vadeden bir drog olan hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba) ile ilgili güncel literatürün değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Antioksidan, Fitoterapi, Hünnap, Rhamnaceae

A Promising Drog for Phytotheraphy; Jujuba (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

Abstract

Today, the interest in traditional and complementary medicine practices, which can be used as an aid to modern medicine practice in many areas of health, is increasing day by day. In this context the plant of jujuba (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) has been in the focus of attention of researchers for a long time. The plant of Ziziphus jujuba, which has anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial properties, is a powerful natural antioxidant and is traditionally used in many health problems such as liver disorders, diabetes, dyslipidemia, digestive system disorders, respiratory system diseases, anxiety, insomnia, immune system disorders and cancer. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated based on evidence in many studies. This plant, whose effects on health have not yet been sufficiently recognized, may be promising for many other diseases with the discovery of possible new bioactive molecules, thanks to further phytochemical studies to be carried out. In this review, it was aimed to evaluate the current literature on jujuba (Ziziphus jujuba), a promising drug in phytotherapy.

Keywords

Antioxidant, Phytotherapy, Jujuba, Rhamnaceae, Ziziphus jujuba Mill.

References

• Chang, S.C., Hsu, B.Y., Chen, B.H. (2010). Structural characterization of polysaccharides from Zizyphus Jujuba and evaluation of antioxidant activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 47:445-453.
• Chen, J., Liu, X., Li, Z., Qi, A., Yao, P., Zhou, Z., Dong, T., Tsim, K. (2017). A Review of Dietary Ziziphus jujuba Fruit (Jujube): Developing Health Food Supplements for Brain Protection. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017:3019568.
• Cheng, D., Zhu, C., Cao, J., Jiang, W. (2012). The Protective Effects of Polyphenols from Jujube Peel (Ziziphus jujube Mill) on IsoproterenolInduced Myocardial Ischemia and AluminumInduced Oxidative Damage in Rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50 (5):1302-1308.
• Chi, A., Kang, C., Zhang, Y., Tang, L., Guo, H., Li, H., Zhang, K. (2015). Immunomodulating and Antioxidant Effects of Polysaccharide Conjugates from The Fruits of Ziziphus jujube on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Rats. Carbohydrate Polymers, 122: 189-196. Chungkrang, L., Phukan, A.R., Kalita, B. (2018). Eco-dyeing of wool yarn with Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Ber) and its colour fastness properties. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(3):1046 -1052.
• Erenmemişoğlu, A., Keleştimur, F., Köker, A.H., Üstün, H., Tekol, Y., Üstdal, M. (1994). Hypoglycaemic Effect of Zizyphus jujuba Leaves, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 47:72-74.
• Fatima, S., Haider, N., Alam, M., Gani, M., Ahmad, R., Taha, M. (2021). Herbal approach for the management of C0VID-19: an overview. Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy,36(1):1-8.
• Ganachari, M. ve Kumar, S. (2004). Effect of Ziziphus Jujuba leaf extract on body weight, food intake and serum lipid levels in sucrose-induced obese rats. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66(3):363.
• Ganachari, M. ve Kumar, S. (2004). Anti-ulcer properties of Ziziphus jujuba Lam leaves extract in rats. Journal of Natural remedies, 4(2):103-108.
• Gao, Q.H., Wu, C.S., Wang, M. (2013). The jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit: a review of current knowledge of fruit composition and health benefits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(14): 3351-3363.
• Gao, Q.H., Wu, P.T., Liu, J.R., Wu, C.S., Parry, J.W., Wang, M. (2011). Physico-chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of different jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) cultivars grown in loess plateau of China. Scienta Horticulturae, 130(1):67-72.
• Goyal, R., Sharma, P.L., Singh, M. (2011). Possible attenuation of nitric oxide expression in anti-inflammatory effect of Ziziphus jujuba in rat. Journal of Natural Medicines, 65(3-4):514-518.
• Gül, E.N., Altuntaş, E. ve Özgöz, E. (2021). Hünnap meyveleri ve çekirdeklerinin hasat sonrası uygulamalarla ilgili bazı mühendislik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 10(2):1-14.
• Gündoğmuş, M.E., Taşçı, M. (2017). Hünnap (Zizyphus jujube mill.) Bahçelerinde gelir yöntemine göre değerleme: Denizli ili Çivril ilçesi örneği. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2):42-53.
• Hamedi, S., Arian, A.A., Farzaei, M.H. (2015). Gastroprotective effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Ziziphus jujuba L. Against HCl/Ethanol-Induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 35(6):666-670.
• Huang, W., Wang, Y., Jiang, X., Sun, Y., Zhano, Z., Li, S. (2017). Protective Effect of Flavonoids from Ziziphus jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao against Acetaminophen-Induced liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in mice. Molecules, 22(10):1781.
• Hürkan, Y.K. (2019). Hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) meyvesi: Geçmişten günümüze tıbbi önemi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(3):1271-1281.
• Jiang, J.G., Huang, X.J., Chen, J. (2007). Separation and purification of saponins from Semen Ziziphus jujuba and their sedative and hypnotic effects. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 59(8):1175-1180.
• Kawabata, K., Kitamura, K., Irie, K., Naruse, S., Matsuura, T., Uemae, T., Taira, S., Ohigushi, H., Murakami, S., Takahashi, M., Kaido, Y., Kawakami, B. (2017). Triterpenoids Isolated from Ziziphus jujuba Enhance Glucose Uptake Activity in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 63(3):193-199.
• Keleş, H. (2020). Changes of some horticultural characteristics in jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) fruit at different ripening stages. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 44: 391-398.
• Koley, T.K., Kaur, C., Nagal, S., Walia, S., Jaggi, S. (2016). Antioxidant activity and phenolic content in genotypes of Indian jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.). Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9: 1044-1052.
• Kumar, S., Ganachari, M., Nagoor, V. (2004). Anti-inflammatory activity of Ziziphus jujuba Lam leaves extract in rats. Journal of Natural Remedies, 4(2):183-185.
• Kwon, H., Jung, I.H., Yi, J.H., Kim, J.J., Park, J.H, Lee, S., Jung, J.W., Lee, Y.C., Ryu, J.H., Kim, D.H. (2017). The seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa attenuates alzheimer’s disease-associated hippocampal synaptic deficits through BDNF/TrkB signaling. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 40(12):2096-2104.
• Li, J.W., Fan, L.P., Ding, S.D., Ding, X.L. (2007a). Nutritional composition of five cultivars of chinese jujube. Food Chemistiry, 103(2):454-460.
• Li J.W., Chen, Y.Y., Ding, S.D., Zhang, L.F. (2007b). Isolation and analysis of a novel proteoglycan from Ziziphus jujuba. Journal of Food And Drug Analysis, 15(3):271-277.
• Lin, Y.S., Lin, W.S., Tung, J.W., Cheng, Y.C., Chang, M.Y., Chen, C.Y., Huang, S.L. (2020). Antioxidant capacities of jujube fruit seeds and peel pulp. Applied Sciences, 10, 6007.
• Liu, M., Wang, J., Wang, L., Liu, P., Zhao, J., Zhao, Z., Yao, S., Stănică, F., Liu, Z., Wang, L., Ao, C., Dai, L., Li, X., Zhao, X., Jia, C. (2020). The historical and current research progress on jujube-a superfruit for the future. Horticulture Research, 7:119.
• Lu, Y., Bao, T., Mo, J. et al. (2021). Research advances in bioactive components and health benefits of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 22, 431-449.
• Mitsuhashi, Y., Furusawa, Y., Aradate, T., Zhao, Q.L., Moniruzzaman, R., Kanamori, M., Noguchi, K., Kondo, T. (2017). 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-alphitolic acid, a triterpenoid from Zizyphus jujuba, leads to apoptotic cell death in human leukemia cells through reactive oxygen species production and activation of the unfolded protein response. PloS One,12(8):e0183712.
• Naftali, T., Feingelernt, H., Lesin, Y., Rauchwarger, A., Konikoff, F.M. (2008). Ziziphus jujuba extract for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation: a controlled clinical trial. Digestion,78(4):224-228.
• Pareek, S. (2013). Nutritional composition of jujube fruit. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 25(6):463-470. Peng, W.H., Hseih, M.T., Lee, Y.S., Lin, Y.C., Liao, J. (2000). Anxiolytic effect of seed of Ziziphus jujuba in mouse models of anxiety. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,72(3):435-441.
• Periasamy, S., Liu, C.T., Wu, W.H., Chien, S., Liu, M.Y. (2015). Dietary Ziziphus jujuba fruit influence on aberrant crypt formation and blood cells in colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 16:7561-7566.
• Plastina, P., Bonofoglio, D., Vizza, D., Fazio, A., Rovito, D., Giordano, C., Barone, I., Catalano, S., Gabriele, B. (2012). Identification of bioactive constituents of Ziziphus jujube fruit extracts exerting antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in human breast cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,140(2):325-332.
• Rashwan, A.K., Karim, N., Islam Shishir M.R., Bao, T., Lu, Y., Chen, W. (2020). Jujube fruit: A potential nutritious fruit for the development of functional food products. Journal of Functional Foods, 75(9):104205.
• San, B. ve Yildirim, A.N. (2010). Phenolic, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and fatty acid composition of four promising jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Miller) selections. Journal of food composition and analysis, 23(7):706-710.
• Shahrajabian, M.H., Sun, W. ve Cheng, Q. (2020). Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) – a promising fruit from Traditional Chinese Medicine. Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae, 5:194-219.
• Shen, X., Tang, Y., Yang, R., Yu, L., Fang, T., Duan, J. (2009). The protective effect of Zizyphus jujube fruit on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in mice by anti-oxidative activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,122(3):555-560.
• Shirdel, Z., Maadani, H., ve Mirbadalzadeh, R. (2009). Investigation into the hypoglycemic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ziziphus Jujuba Leaves on blood glucose and lipids in Alloxan-Induced diabetes in rats. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders, 8(2):13-19.
• Sobhani, Z., Nikoofal-Sahlabadi, S., Amiri, M.S., Ramezani, M., Emami, S.A, Sahebkar, A. (2020). Therapeutic effects of Ziziphus Jujuba Mill. fruit in traditional and modern medicine: a review. Medicinal Chemistry,16(8):1069-1088.
• Sun, Y.F., Liang, Z.S., Shan, C.J., Viernstein, H., Unger, F. (2011). Comprehensive evaluation of natural antioxidants and antioxidant potentials in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex HF Chou fruits based on geographical origin by TOPSIS method. Food Chemistry,124(4):1612-1619.
• Tahergorabi, Z., Abedini, M.Z., Fard, M.H., Beydokhti, H. (2015). “Ziziphus jujuba”: A red fruit with promising anticancer activities. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 9(18): 99.
• USDA. 2018. Jujube. Food Data Central. U.S. Department of Agriculture. https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168152/nutrients. Erişim Tarihi: 13.8.2021
• Vasanthakumar, D., Palanisamy, S., Peter, V.R., Sharma, R.M. (2020). A new species of Asphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) causing leaf galls on jujube, Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Rhamnaceae) in India. Zootaxa, 27;4758(1):4758.
• Višnjevec, A.M., Arbeiter, A.B., Hladnik, M., Ota, A., Skrt, M., Butinar, B., Necemer, M., Krapac, M., Ban, D., Bucar-Miklavcic M., Ulrih, N.P., Bandelj, D. (2019). An integrated characterization of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba_Mill.) grown in the North Adriatic Region. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 57(1), 17–28.
• Wang, L., Jing, N., Liu, X., Jiang, G., Liu, Z. (2020). Nurturing and modulating gut microbiota with jujube powder to enhance anti-PD-L1 efficiency against murine colon cancer. Journal of Functional Foods, 64:103647.
• Wojdyło, A., Carbonell-Barrachina, A.A., Legua, P., Hernández, F. (2016). Phenolic composition, ascorbic acid content, and antioxidant capacity of Spanish jujube (Ziziphus Jujube Mill.) fruits. Food Chemistry, 201:307-314.
• Yu, L., Jiang, B.P., Luo, D., Shen, X.C., Guo, S., Duan, J.A., Tang, Y.P. (2012). Bioactive components in the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Against the inflammatory irritant action of euphorbia plants. Phytomedicine,19(3-4):239-44.
• Yue, Y., Wu, S., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Niu, Y., Cao, X., Huang, F., Ding, H. (2014). Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex HF Chou sarcocarp. Food and chemical toxicology,74:76-84.
• Zhang, H., Jiang, L., Ye, S., Ye, Y., Ren, F. (2010). Systematic evaluation of antioxidant capacities of the ethanolic extract of different tissues of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) from China. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(6), 1461-1465.
• Zhao, Z., Li, J., Wu, X., Dai, H., Gao, X., Liu, M., Tu, P. (2006). Structures and immunological activities of two pectic polysaccharides from the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. jinsixiaozao Hort. Food Research International, 39(8):917-923.