Bu çalışmada potansiyel gıda katkısı olabilecek hünnap (Ziziphus jujuba Mill) yaprağı fenolik bileşenleri ultrason destekli olarak ekstrakte edilmiştir. Hünnap yaprağı ekstraktlarında (JE) toplam fenolik madde miktarı (TPC), 2,2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) giderme aktivitesi ve fenolik profil maksimize edilmek üzere, yanıt yüzey yöntemi (YYY) kullanılarak metanol konsantrasyonu, sıcaklık ve süre gibi ekstraksiyon faktörleri optimize edilmiştir. Metanol konsantrasyonu (% 25-50), ultrason süresi (20-40 dakika) ve sıcaklık (40–60 °C) için muhtemel en iyi aralık Box-Behnken deneme deseni (BBD) kullanılarak saptanmıştır. Optimum ekstraksiyon parametreleri %25 metanol, 20 dakika ve 49.89 oC olarak belirlenmiştir. Optimum ekstraksiyon parametreleri ile elde edilen hünnap yaprağı ekstraktında ellajik, kafeik, rosmarinik asitler ve rutin ana fenolik bileşikler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, potansiyel gıda katkısı olarak hünnap yapraklarına ait bioaktif bileşenlerin ekstraksiyonunda ultrason destekli ekstraksiyonun etkili bir yöntem olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte yanıt yüzey yöntemi utrason destekli ekstraksiyon faktörlerinin optimizasyonu için etkili bir yöntem olarak belirlenmiştir.
Hammi, K.M., Jdey, A., Abdelly, C., Majdoub, H. and Ksouri, R., Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruits using response surface methodology, Food Chemistry, 184, 80-89, (2015).
Al-Reza, S.M., Yoon, J.I., Kim, H.J., Kim, J.S. and Kang, S.C., Anti-inflammatory activity of seed essential oil from Zizyphus jujube, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 2, 639–43, (2010).
Vahedi, F., Fathi Najafi, M. and Bozari, K., Evaluation of inhibitory effect and apoptosis induction of Ziziphus Jujube on tumor cell lines, an in vitro preliminary study, Cytotechnology, 56, 105–111, (2008).
Maraghni, M., Gorai, M., and Neffati, M., Seed germination at different temperatures and water stress levels, and seedling emergence from different depths of Zizyphus lotus, South African Journal of Botany, 76, 453–459, (2010).
Kamiloğlu, Ö., Ercisli, S., Şengül, M., Toplu, C. and Serçe, S., Total phenolics and antioxidant activity of jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill.) genotypes selected from Turkey, African Journal of Biotechnology, 8, 303–307, (2009).
Serçe, S. and Özgen, M., Physical, Chemical, and Antioxidant Properties of Jujube Fruits from Turkey. Chinese Dates A Traditional Functional Food, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, Section II, 199-204, (2016).
Akbolat, D., Ertekin, C., Menges, H.O., Ekinci, K. and Erdal, I., Physical and nutritional properties of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) growing in Turkey. Chemistry: An Asian Journal, 20, 757–766, (2008).
San, B., Yildirim, A.N. (2010). Phenolic, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and fatty acid composition of four promising jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Miller) selections. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 23, 706-710.
Benammar, C., Hichami, A., Yessoufou, A., Simonin, A.M., Belarbi, M., Allali, H., Khan, N.A., Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) modulates antioxidant activity and human T-cell proliferation, BMC Complement Alternative Medicine, 24, 10–54, (2010).
Hammi, K.M., Hammami, M., Rihouey, C., Le Cerf, D., Ksouri, R. and Majdoub, H., Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity, Food Chemistry, 212, 476–484, (2016).
Arceusz, A., Wesolowski, M. and Konieczynski, P., Methods for Extraction and Determination of Phenolic Acids in Medicinal Plants: A Review, Natural Product Communications, 8, 1821 – 1829, (2013).
Borgi, W., Ghedira, K. and Chouchane, N., Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Zizyphus lotus root barks, Fitoterapia, 78, 16–19, (2007).
Borgi, W. and Chouchane, N., Anti-spasmodic effects of Zizyphus lotus (L.) Desf. extracts on isolated rat duodenum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 126, 571–573, (2009).
Şahin, S., Demir, C. and Malyer, H. Determination of phenolic compounds in Prunella L. by liquid chromatography-diode array detection. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 55, 1227–1230, (2011).
Heleno, S.A., Prieto M.A., Barros, L, Rodrigues, A., Barreiro, M.F., Ferreira I.C.F.R., Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of ergosterol from Agaricus bisporus L. by-products using response surface methodology, Food and Bioproducts Processing, 100, 25–35, (2016).
Pawar, N., Pai, S., Nimbalkar, M., and Dixit, G., RP-HPLC analysis of phenolic antioxidant compound 6-gingerol from different ginger cultivars. Food Chemistry, 126, 1330–1336, (2011).
Crupi, P., Dipalmo, T., Clodoveo, M.L., Toci, A.T. and Coletta, A., Seedless table grape residues as a source of polyphenols: Comparison and optimization of non‐conventional extraction techniques. European Food Research and Technology, 244, 1091–1100, (2018).
Li, H.Z., Zhang, Z.J., Xue, J., Cui, L.X., Hou, T.Y., Li, X.J., Chen, T. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds. antioxidants and rosmarinic acid from perilla leaves using response surface methodology, Food Science and Technology Campinas, 36, 686–693, (2016).
Kagan, I.A., Effects of pH, sample size, and solvent partitioning on recovery of soluble phenolic acids and isoflavonoids in leaves and steams of red clover (Trifolium pratense cv. Kenland), Natural Product Communications, 6, 1657–1660, (2011).
Wang, R., Ding, S., Zhao, D., Wang, Z., Wu, J. and Hu, X. Effect of dehydration methods on antioxidant activities, phenolic contents, cyclic nucleotides, and volatiles of jujube fruits, Food Science and Biotechnology, 25, 137–143, (2016).
Dzah, C.S., Duan, Y., Zhang, H., Wen, C., Zhang, J., Chen, G. and Ma, H., The effects of ultrasound assisted extraction on yield, antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activity of polyphenol extracts: A review, Food Bioscience, 35, 100547, (2020).
Yu, L., Jiang, B.P., Luo, D., Shen, X.C., Guo, S., Duan, J.A. and Tang, Y.P. Bioactive components in the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. against the inflammatory irritant action of Euphorbia plants, Phytomedicine, 19, 239–244, (2012).
Gomes, T., Caponio, F. and Allogio, V. Phenolic compounds of virgin olive oil: influence of paste preparation techniques, Food Chemistry, 64, 203-209, (1999).
Mohamed Ahmed, I.A., Al-Juhaimi, F., Adisa, A.R. Adiamo, O.Q., Babiker, E.E., Osman, M.A., Gassem, M.A., Ghafoor, K., Alqah, H.A.S. and Elkareem, M.A., Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from Argel (Solenostemma argel Hayne) leaves using response surface methodology (RSM), Journal of Food Science and Technology, 57, 3071–3080, (2020).
Kedare, S.B. and Singh R.P., Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay, Journal of Food Science and Technology, 48, 412–422, (2011).
Che Zain, M.S., Jakariah, N.A., Yeoh, J.X., Lee, S.Y., and Shaari, K., Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenolic Contents and Acid Hydrolysis of Flavonoid Glycosides from Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Leaf: Optimization and Correlation with Free Radical Scavenging Activity, Processes, 8, 1540–1562, (2020).
Sharmila, G., Nikitha, V.S., Ilaiyarasi, S, Dhivya K., Rajasekar, V., Manoj Kumar, N., Muthukumaran, K. and Muthukumaran, C., Ultrasound assisted extraction of total phenolics from Cassia auriculata leaves and evaluation of its antioxidant activities, Industrial Crops and Products, 84, 13–21, (2016).
Singh, B., Singh, N., Thakur, S. and Kaur, A., Ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols and their distribution in whole mung bean hull and cotyledon, Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54, 921–932, (2017).
Bayar, N., Bouallegue, T., Achour, M., Kriaa, M., Bougatef, A., Kammoun, R., Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties, Food Chemistry, 235, 275–282, (2017).
Kumar, K., Srivastav, S., Sharanagat, V.S., Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetable processing by-products: A review, Ultrasonic Sonochemistry, 70, 105325, (2021).
Ikhtiarini A.N., Setyaningsih, W., Rafi, M., Aminah, N.S., Insanu, M., Irnawati, I. and Rohman, A., Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction and the antioxidant activities of Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia), Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 11, 070–076, (2021).
Corrales, M., Garcı´a, A.F., Butz, P. and Tauscher, B. Extraction of anthocyanins from grape skins assisted by high hydrostatic pressure, Journal of Food Engineering, 90, 415–421, (2009).
Chanioti, S., Katsouli, M. and Tzia, C., Novel Processes for the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Pomace and Their Protection by Encapsulation. Molecules, 26, 1781–1799, (2021).
Gao, Q.H., Wu, C.S., Yu, J.G., Wang, M., Ma, Y.J., Li, C.L., Textural Characteristic, Antioxidant Activity, Sugar, Organic Acid, and Phenolic Profiles of 10 Promising Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Selections, Journal of Food Science, 77, 1218–1225, (2012).
Majeed, M., Hussain, A.I., Chatha, S.A.S., Khosaa, M.K.K., Kamal, G.M., Kamal, M.A., Zhang, X., Liu, M., Optimization protocol for the extraction of antioxidant components from Origanum vulgare leaves using response surface methodology, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 23:389–396, (2016).
Ghoreishi, S.M. and Heidari, E., Extraction of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea via supercritical fluid technology: Neural network modeling and response surface optimization. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 74, 128–136, (2013).
Getachew, A.T., Holdt, S.L., Meyer, A.S., Jacobsen, C., Effect of Extraction Temperature on Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Fucus vesiculosus. Marine Drugs, 20, 4, 263–279, (2022).
Alioui, S.Z., Bey, M.B., Kurt, B.Z., Sonmez, F. and Louaileche, H., Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity using response surface methodology from jujube leaves (Ziziphus jujuba) and evaluation of anticholinesterase inhibitory activity, Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 13, 321–329, (2019).
Wu, L., Li, L., Chen, S., Wang, L. and Lin, X., Deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Moringa oleifera L. leaves: Optimization, comparison and antioxidant activity, Separation and Purification Technology, 247, 117014, (2020).
Yu, M., Gouvinhas, I., Rocha, J., Barros, A.I.R.N.A., Phytochemical and antioxidant analysis of medicinal and food plants towards bioactive food and pharmaceutical resources. Scientific Reports, 11, 10041–10055, (2021).
Aybastıer Ö, Ișık E, Șahin, S., and Demir, C., Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from blackberry leaves using response surface methodology, Industrial Crops and Products, 44, 558–565, (2013).
Glisic, S.B., Ristic, M. and Skala, D.U., The combined extraction of sage (salvia officinalis L.) ultrasound followed by supercritical CO2 extraction. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 18,318–326, (2011).
Tao, Y., Wu, D., Zhang, Q.A. and Sun, D.W., Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolics from wine lees: Modeling, optimization and stability of extracts during storage, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 21, 706–715, (2014).
Shirsath, S.R., Sonawane, S.H. and Gogate, P.R., Intensification of extraction of natural products using ultrasonic irradiations—A review of current status. Chemical Engineering and Processing, Process Intensification, 53: 10–23, (2012)n.
Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Ziziphus jujube Mill. leaves using response surface methodology
The phenolic compounds in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill) leaf were extracted using ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) for potential of antioxidant food additive in this study. The extraction factors such as methanol concentration, temperature and time were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to maximize of the total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and phenolic profile in jujube leaf extracts (JE). The best possible range for methanol concentration (25-50%), duration of ultrasound (20-40 min), ultrasonic temperature (40–60 °C) were obtained using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimum extraction parameters were obtained with 25% methanol concentration, 20 min duration of ultrasound and 49.89 °C ultrasonic temperature. Ellagic, caffeic, rosmarinic acid, and rutin were determined as major phenolics in JE under optimal extraction parameters. The results revealed that UAE is an effective pretreatment for extracting bioactive ingredients from JE as potential functional food additive. Furthermore, RSM is an effective method for optimizing the UAE factors.
Hammi, K.M., Jdey, A., Abdelly, C., Majdoub, H. and Ksouri, R., Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruits using response surface methodology, Food Chemistry, 184, 80-89, (2015).
Al-Reza, S.M., Yoon, J.I., Kim, H.J., Kim, J.S. and Kang, S.C., Anti-inflammatory activity of seed essential oil from Zizyphus jujube, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 2, 639–43, (2010).
Vahedi, F., Fathi Najafi, M. and Bozari, K., Evaluation of inhibitory effect and apoptosis induction of Ziziphus Jujube on tumor cell lines, an in vitro preliminary study, Cytotechnology, 56, 105–111, (2008).
Maraghni, M., Gorai, M., and Neffati, M., Seed germination at different temperatures and water stress levels, and seedling emergence from different depths of Zizyphus lotus, South African Journal of Botany, 76, 453–459, (2010).
Kamiloğlu, Ö., Ercisli, S., Şengül, M., Toplu, C. and Serçe, S., Total phenolics and antioxidant activity of jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill.) genotypes selected from Turkey, African Journal of Biotechnology, 8, 303–307, (2009).
Serçe, S. and Özgen, M., Physical, Chemical, and Antioxidant Properties of Jujube Fruits from Turkey. Chinese Dates A Traditional Functional Food, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, Section II, 199-204, (2016).
Akbolat, D., Ertekin, C., Menges, H.O., Ekinci, K. and Erdal, I., Physical and nutritional properties of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) growing in Turkey. Chemistry: An Asian Journal, 20, 757–766, (2008).
San, B., Yildirim, A.N. (2010). Phenolic, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and fatty acid composition of four promising jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Miller) selections. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 23, 706-710.
Benammar, C., Hichami, A., Yessoufou, A., Simonin, A.M., Belarbi, M., Allali, H., Khan, N.A., Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) modulates antioxidant activity and human T-cell proliferation, BMC Complement Alternative Medicine, 24, 10–54, (2010).
Hammi, K.M., Hammami, M., Rihouey, C., Le Cerf, D., Ksouri, R. and Majdoub, H., Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity, Food Chemistry, 212, 476–484, (2016).
Arceusz, A., Wesolowski, M. and Konieczynski, P., Methods for Extraction and Determination of Phenolic Acids in Medicinal Plants: A Review, Natural Product Communications, 8, 1821 – 1829, (2013).
Borgi, W., Ghedira, K. and Chouchane, N., Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Zizyphus lotus root barks, Fitoterapia, 78, 16–19, (2007).
Borgi, W. and Chouchane, N., Anti-spasmodic effects of Zizyphus lotus (L.) Desf. extracts on isolated rat duodenum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 126, 571–573, (2009).
Şahin, S., Demir, C. and Malyer, H. Determination of phenolic compounds in Prunella L. by liquid chromatography-diode array detection. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 55, 1227–1230, (2011).
Heleno, S.A., Prieto M.A., Barros, L, Rodrigues, A., Barreiro, M.F., Ferreira I.C.F.R., Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of ergosterol from Agaricus bisporus L. by-products using response surface methodology, Food and Bioproducts Processing, 100, 25–35, (2016).
Pawar, N., Pai, S., Nimbalkar, M., and Dixit, G., RP-HPLC analysis of phenolic antioxidant compound 6-gingerol from different ginger cultivars. Food Chemistry, 126, 1330–1336, (2011).
Crupi, P., Dipalmo, T., Clodoveo, M.L., Toci, A.T. and Coletta, A., Seedless table grape residues as a source of polyphenols: Comparison and optimization of non‐conventional extraction techniques. European Food Research and Technology, 244, 1091–1100, (2018).
Li, H.Z., Zhang, Z.J., Xue, J., Cui, L.X., Hou, T.Y., Li, X.J., Chen, T. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds. antioxidants and rosmarinic acid from perilla leaves using response surface methodology, Food Science and Technology Campinas, 36, 686–693, (2016).
Kagan, I.A., Effects of pH, sample size, and solvent partitioning on recovery of soluble phenolic acids and isoflavonoids in leaves and steams of red clover (Trifolium pratense cv. Kenland), Natural Product Communications, 6, 1657–1660, (2011).
Wang, R., Ding, S., Zhao, D., Wang, Z., Wu, J. and Hu, X. Effect of dehydration methods on antioxidant activities, phenolic contents, cyclic nucleotides, and volatiles of jujube fruits, Food Science and Biotechnology, 25, 137–143, (2016).
Dzah, C.S., Duan, Y., Zhang, H., Wen, C., Zhang, J., Chen, G. and Ma, H., The effects of ultrasound assisted extraction on yield, antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activity of polyphenol extracts: A review, Food Bioscience, 35, 100547, (2020).
Yu, L., Jiang, B.P., Luo, D., Shen, X.C., Guo, S., Duan, J.A. and Tang, Y.P. Bioactive components in the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. against the inflammatory irritant action of Euphorbia plants, Phytomedicine, 19, 239–244, (2012).
Gomes, T., Caponio, F. and Allogio, V. Phenolic compounds of virgin olive oil: influence of paste preparation techniques, Food Chemistry, 64, 203-209, (1999).
Mohamed Ahmed, I.A., Al-Juhaimi, F., Adisa, A.R. Adiamo, O.Q., Babiker, E.E., Osman, M.A., Gassem, M.A., Ghafoor, K., Alqah, H.A.S. and Elkareem, M.A., Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from Argel (Solenostemma argel Hayne) leaves using response surface methodology (RSM), Journal of Food Science and Technology, 57, 3071–3080, (2020).
Kedare, S.B. and Singh R.P., Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay, Journal of Food Science and Technology, 48, 412–422, (2011).
Che Zain, M.S., Jakariah, N.A., Yeoh, J.X., Lee, S.Y., and Shaari, K., Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenolic Contents and Acid Hydrolysis of Flavonoid Glycosides from Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Leaf: Optimization and Correlation with Free Radical Scavenging Activity, Processes, 8, 1540–1562, (2020).
Sharmila, G., Nikitha, V.S., Ilaiyarasi, S, Dhivya K., Rajasekar, V., Manoj Kumar, N., Muthukumaran, K. and Muthukumaran, C., Ultrasound assisted extraction of total phenolics from Cassia auriculata leaves and evaluation of its antioxidant activities, Industrial Crops and Products, 84, 13–21, (2016).
Singh, B., Singh, N., Thakur, S. and Kaur, A., Ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols and their distribution in whole mung bean hull and cotyledon, Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54, 921–932, (2017).
Bayar, N., Bouallegue, T., Achour, M., Kriaa, M., Bougatef, A., Kammoun, R., Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties, Food Chemistry, 235, 275–282, (2017).
Kumar, K., Srivastav, S., Sharanagat, V.S., Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetable processing by-products: A review, Ultrasonic Sonochemistry, 70, 105325, (2021).
Ikhtiarini A.N., Setyaningsih, W., Rafi, M., Aminah, N.S., Insanu, M., Irnawati, I. and Rohman, A., Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction and the antioxidant activities of Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia), Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 11, 070–076, (2021).
Corrales, M., Garcı´a, A.F., Butz, P. and Tauscher, B. Extraction of anthocyanins from grape skins assisted by high hydrostatic pressure, Journal of Food Engineering, 90, 415–421, (2009).
Chanioti, S., Katsouli, M. and Tzia, C., Novel Processes for the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Pomace and Their Protection by Encapsulation. Molecules, 26, 1781–1799, (2021).
Gao, Q.H., Wu, C.S., Yu, J.G., Wang, M., Ma, Y.J., Li, C.L., Textural Characteristic, Antioxidant Activity, Sugar, Organic Acid, and Phenolic Profiles of 10 Promising Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Selections, Journal of Food Science, 77, 1218–1225, (2012).
Majeed, M., Hussain, A.I., Chatha, S.A.S., Khosaa, M.K.K., Kamal, G.M., Kamal, M.A., Zhang, X., Liu, M., Optimization protocol for the extraction of antioxidant components from Origanum vulgare leaves using response surface methodology, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 23:389–396, (2016).
Ghoreishi, S.M. and Heidari, E., Extraction of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea via supercritical fluid technology: Neural network modeling and response surface optimization. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 74, 128–136, (2013).
Getachew, A.T., Holdt, S.L., Meyer, A.S., Jacobsen, C., Effect of Extraction Temperature on Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Fucus vesiculosus. Marine Drugs, 20, 4, 263–279, (2022).
Alioui, S.Z., Bey, M.B., Kurt, B.Z., Sonmez, F. and Louaileche, H., Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity using response surface methodology from jujube leaves (Ziziphus jujuba) and evaluation of anticholinesterase inhibitory activity, Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 13, 321–329, (2019).
Wu, L., Li, L., Chen, S., Wang, L. and Lin, X., Deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Moringa oleifera L. leaves: Optimization, comparison and antioxidant activity, Separation and Purification Technology, 247, 117014, (2020).
Yu, M., Gouvinhas, I., Rocha, J., Barros, A.I.R.N.A., Phytochemical and antioxidant analysis of medicinal and food plants towards bioactive food and pharmaceutical resources. Scientific Reports, 11, 10041–10055, (2021).
Aybastıer Ö, Ișık E, Șahin, S., and Demir, C., Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from blackberry leaves using response surface methodology, Industrial Crops and Products, 44, 558–565, (2013).
Glisic, S.B., Ristic, M. and Skala, D.U., The combined extraction of sage (salvia officinalis L.) ultrasound followed by supercritical CO2 extraction. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 18,318–326, (2011).
Tao, Y., Wu, D., Zhang, Q.A. and Sun, D.W., Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolics from wine lees: Modeling, optimization and stability of extracts during storage, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 21, 706–715, (2014).
Shirsath, S.R., Sonawane, S.H. and Gogate, P.R., Intensification of extraction of natural products using ultrasonic irradiations—A review of current status. Chemical Engineering and Processing, Process Intensification, 53: 10–23, (2012)n.
Savaş, E. (2024). Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Ziziphus jujube Mill. leaves using response surface methodology. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(1), 279-292. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1330843
AMA
Savaş E. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Ziziphus jujube Mill. leaves using response surface methodology. BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi. Ocak 2024;26(1):279-292. doi:10.25092/baunfbed.1330843
Chicago
Savaş, Elif. “Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Ziziphus Jujube Mill. Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology”. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 26, sy. 1 (Ocak 2024): 279-92. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1330843.
EndNote
Savaş E (01 Ocak 2024) Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Ziziphus jujube Mill. leaves using response surface methodology. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 26 1 279–292.
IEEE
E. Savaş, “Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Ziziphus jujube Mill. leaves using response surface methodology”, BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi, c. 26, sy. 1, ss. 279–292, 2024, doi: 10.25092/baunfbed.1330843.
ISNAD
Savaş, Elif. “Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Ziziphus Jujube Mill. Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology”. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 26/1 (Ocak 2024), 279-292. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1330843.
JAMA
Savaş E. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Ziziphus jujube Mill. leaves using response surface methodology. BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi. 2024;26:279–292.
MLA
Savaş, Elif. “Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Ziziphus Jujube Mill. Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology”. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 26, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 279-92, doi:10.25092/baunfbed.1330843.
Vancouver
Savaş E. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Ziziphus jujube Mill. leaves using response surface methodology. BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi. 2024;26(1):279-92.