BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Farklı Toprak İşleme Yöntemlerinin Kullanıldığı Mercimek Tarımında Bazı Yabancı Ot Türlerinin Yoğunluğu ile Tane Verimi Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1-2, 1 - 13, 01.03.2014

Öz

Mercimek tarımında verimi sınırlandıran en önemli sorunlardan birisi de yabancı otlardır. Bölge koşullarına uygun toprak işleme yöntemi ve ekim zamanının bilinmesinin, yabancı otlarla mücadelede çok önemli olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, buğday hasadı sonrası farklı toprak işleme yöntemleri ve ekim zamanlarının mercimek tarımında yabancı ot türlerinin yoğunluğu ve tane verimi üzerinde etkisi incelenerek, deneme alanındaki yabancı ot türleri ile verim arasındaki korelasyon katsayıları belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla, üç farklı toprak işleme yöntemi (geleneksel toprak işleme, azaltılmış toprak işleme ve doğrudan ekim) ve iki farklı ekim zamanı, bölünmüş parseller deneme deseni kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, deneme alanında 8 familyaya ait 15 farklı yabancı ot türü saptanmıştır. Bu yabancı otların metrekaredeki yoğunluklarının 1 ile 99 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Deneme alanındaki en yoğun yabancı ot türünün kendi gelen buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) olduğu görülmüştür. Toplam yabancı ot kuru biyomas ağırlığı, doğrudan ekim yönteminde en yüksek, azaltılmış toprak işleme yönteminde ise en düşük olmuştur. Uygulanan yöntemlerin birim alandaki yabancı ot sayısına etkisi, türler bazında istatistiksel olarak farklı olmuştur. Tane veriminin, toprak işleme yöntemleri ve ekim zamanından önemli derecede etkilendiği ve yabancı ot kuru biomas ağırlığı ve kendi gelen buğday yoğunluğundaki artışın mercimeğin tane veriminde önemli düzeyde (r=-0.78** ve -0.79**) azalışa neden olduğu görülmüştür

Kaynakça

  • Anonim, (2010). Meteoroloji Bölge Müdürlüğü Kayıtları, Diyarbakır.
  • Arshad, M. A., Gill, K. S., Coy, G. R. (1995). Barley, canola, and weed growth with decreasing tillage in a cold, semiarid climate. Agronomy Journal; 87: 49-55
  • Barberi, P., Cascio, B. L. (2001). Long-term tillage and crop rotation effect on weed seedbank size and composition. Weed Research; 41 (4) : 325-340
  • Bilalis, D., Efthimiadis, P., Sidiras, N. (2001). Effect of three tillage systems on weed flora in a 3-year rotation with four crops. journal of agronomy and crop science; 2 (186): 135-141
  • Buhler, D. D. (1995). Influence of tillage systems on weed population dynamics and management in corn and soybean inthe central USA. Crop Science; 35: 1247–1258
  • Cousens, R., Mortimer, M. (1995). Dynamics of Weed Populations. New York: Cambridge University Press. 332 p
  • Froud-Williams, R. J. (1988). Changes in weed flora with different tillage and agronomic management systems. In (eds. Altieri MA, Liebman M) Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches, pp. 213-236. CRC Press, Boca Raton
  • Gordon, T. A., Derksen, D. A., Blackshaw, R. E., Van Acker, R. C., Légère, A., Watson, P. R., Turnbull, G. C. (2004). A multistudy approach to understanding weed population shifts in medium-to long-term tillage systems. Weed Science; 52: 874-880
  • Gruber, S., Pekrun, C., Möhring, J., Claupein, W. (2012). Long-term yield and weed response to conservation and stubble tillage in SW Germany. Soil and Tillage Research; 121: 49-56
  • Guy, S. O., Cox, D. B. (2002). Reduced tillage increases groundcover in subsequent dry pea and winter wheat crops in the Palouse Region of Idaho. Soil and Tillage Research; 66: 69-77
  • Jug, I., Jug, D., Sabo, M., Stipeševic, B., Stošic, M. (2011). Winter wheat and yield components as affected by soil tillage systems. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry; 35: 1-7
  • Knežević, M., İurkić, M., Knežević, I., Antonić, O., Jelaska, S. (2003). Effects of tillage and reduced herbicide doses on weed biomass production in winter and spring cereals
  • Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G. (2009). Management of Weeds within Tillage Systems: What have we learned from Prairie Weed Surveys? Prairie Soils and Crops Journal; 2: 31-37
  • Locke, M. A., Reddy, K. N., Zablotowicz, R. M. (2002). Weed management in conservation crop production systems. Weed Biology and Management; 2:123-132
  • López-Bellido, L., López-Garrido, F. J., Fuentes, M., Castillo, J. E., Fernández, E. J. (1997). Influence of tillage, crop rotation and fertilization on soil organic matter and nitrogen under rain-fed mediterranean conditions. Soil and Tillage research; 43: 277-293
  • Małecka, I., Blecharczyk, A., Sawinska, Z., Dobrzeniecki, T. (2012). The effect of various long-term tillage systems on soil properties and spring barley yield. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry; 36: 217- 226
  • Önen, H., Özgöz, E., Özer, Z. (2012). Toprak işleme yöntemlerinin buğdayda yabancı otlanmaya ve verime etkileri. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi; 29(1): 99-104
  • Pala, M., Harris, H. C., Ryan, J., Makboul, R., Dozom, S. (2000). Tillage systems and stubble management in a mediterranean-type environment in relation to crop yield and soil moisture. Experimental Agriculture; 36: 223-242
  • Rusu, T., Bogdan, I., Moraru, P., Pop, A., Oroian, I., Marin, D., Ranta, O., Stanila, S., Gheres, M., Duda, M., Mogosan, C. (2007). Influence of minimum tillage systems on the control of Convolvulus arvensis L. on wheat, maize and soybean. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment; 11 (2): 563-566
  • Saxena, M. C., Wassimi, N. (1980). Crop-weed competition studies in lentils. Lens; 7: 55-57
  • Sayari Dridi, N., Mekki, M., Ben Hammouda, M. (2012). Conventional tillage and zero tillage effects on weed flora and wheat yield. Agricultural Segment; 3(2) AGS/1591
  • Shrestha, A., Lanini, T., Wright, S., Vargas, R., Mitchell, J. (2006). Conservation tillage and weed management. University of California, Publication 8200: 1-14
  • Snedecor, G. W., Cochran, W. G. (1983). Statistical Methods, eighth ed. Iowa University Press.
  • Stevenson, F. C., Légère, A., Simard, R. R., Angers, D. A., Pangeau, D., Lafond, J. (1997). Weed species diversity in spring barley varies with crop rotation and tillage, but not with nutrient source. Weed Science; 45: 798–806
  • Swanton, C. J., Clements, D. R., Derksen, D. A. (1993). Weed succession under conservation tillage: A hierarchical framework for research and management. Weed Technology; 7: 286-297
  • Teasdale, J. R., Mohler, C. L. (2000). The quantitative relationship between weed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Science; 48: 385–392
  • Thompson, K., Grime, J. P. (1983). A comparative study of germination responses to diurnal- fluctuating temperatures. Journal of Applied Ecology; 20: 141-156
  • Tİrresen, K. S., Skuterud, R. (2002). Plant protection in spring cereal production with reduced tillage. IV. Changes in the weed flora and weed seedbank. Crop Protection; 21: 179-193
  • Tücer, A., Önal, İ. (1997). Farklı toprak işleme sistemlerinde bitki hastalıkları, zararlıları, yabancı otlar ve bunlarla mücadele yöntemleri. Tarımsal Mekanizasyon 17. Ulusal Kongresi, Bildiriler Kitabı, cilt 1, s. 282-289, Tokat
  • Türk, Z., Koç, M. (2003). Ceylanpınar ekolojik koşullarında kırmızı mercimek (Lens culinaris Medik)’te verim ve verim öğelerini sınırlayan etkenlerin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Türkiye V. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 13-17 Ekim 2003, Cilt II, 421-423, Diyarbakır
  • Unger, P. W. (1990). Conservation Tillage Systems. Advance in Soil Science, 13:27-67
  • Uygur, F. N., Koch, W., Walter, H. (1986). Çukurova Bölgesi buğday-pamuk ekim sistemindeki önemli yabancı otların tanımı. PLTS 4(1). Josef Margraf, Aichtal
  • Vakali, C., Zaller, J. G., Köpke, U. (2011). Reduced tillage effects on soil properties and growth of cereals and Associated weeds under organic farming. soil and tillage research; 111: 133-141.
  • Walia, U. S., Brar, L. S. (2006). Effect of tillage and weed managem4nt on seed bank of Phalaris minor in wheat under rice-wheat sequence. Indian Journal Weed Science; 38(1-2): 104-107
  • Woźniak, A. (2013). The yielding of pea (pisum sativum L.) under different tillage conditions. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus; 12(2):133-141
  • Woźniak, A., Haliniarz, M. (2012). The after-effect of long-term reduced tillage systems on the biodiversity of weeds in spring crops. Acta Agrobot; 65 (1): 141-148
  • Wozniak, A., Kwiatkowski, C. (2012). Effect of long-term reduced tillage on yield and weeds. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology; 15: 1335-1342
  • Yalçın, H., Demir, V., Yürdem, H., Sungur, N. (1997). Buğday tarımında azaltılmış toprak işleme yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması üzerine bir araştırma. Tarımsal Mekanizasyon 17. Ulusal Kongresi, Bildiriler Kitabı, Cilt 1, s. 415-423, Tokat
  • Zeren, Y., Işık, A., Özgüven, F. (1993). GAP Bölgesinde ikinci ürün tane mısır yetiştirmede farklı toprak işleme yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması. 5th. Int. Cong. On Mechanization And Energy In Agriculture, 11-4 Oct 1993, Kuşadası, Türkiye

The Relationship between Grain Yield and Some Weed Species Density in Lentil Production under Different Tillage Systems

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1-2, 1 - 13, 01.03.2014

Öz

Weeds are one of the most important problems reducing the yield in lentil agriculture. The tillage methods and plating time according to soil and climate conditions is known to be very important to control weeds. In this study, the effect of tillage system and the timing of such operations on weed species density and lentil (Lens culinaris L.) yield after wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest was evaluated. Also, the correlations between weed species density and seed yield of lentil were determined. In this purpose, three tillage method treatments [moldboard plough + cultivator + drill as conventional tillage, cultivator + drill as reduced tillage and no-till planting] and two planting times was compared by using a split plot design with four replications. In the result of the study, 15 different weed species belonging to 8 different weed families was determined in experimental area. The density of these weeds changed between 1 and 99 plants m-2. Volunteer weed density was the highest in experimental field. While the biomass dry weight of total weeds was the highest in no-till planting treatment, it was the lowest in reduced tillage. The effect of treatments on weed density was different among weed species. The seed yield of lentil was significantly affected by tillage system and planting time, and increasing the weed biomass dry weight and volunteer wheat density resulted in decreasing of lentil yield (r=-0.78** and -0.79**)

Kaynakça

  • Anonim, (2010). Meteoroloji Bölge Müdürlüğü Kayıtları, Diyarbakır.
  • Arshad, M. A., Gill, K. S., Coy, G. R. (1995). Barley, canola, and weed growth with decreasing tillage in a cold, semiarid climate. Agronomy Journal; 87: 49-55
  • Barberi, P., Cascio, B. L. (2001). Long-term tillage and crop rotation effect on weed seedbank size and composition. Weed Research; 41 (4) : 325-340
  • Bilalis, D., Efthimiadis, P., Sidiras, N. (2001). Effect of three tillage systems on weed flora in a 3-year rotation with four crops. journal of agronomy and crop science; 2 (186): 135-141
  • Buhler, D. D. (1995). Influence of tillage systems on weed population dynamics and management in corn and soybean inthe central USA. Crop Science; 35: 1247–1258
  • Cousens, R., Mortimer, M. (1995). Dynamics of Weed Populations. New York: Cambridge University Press. 332 p
  • Froud-Williams, R. J. (1988). Changes in weed flora with different tillage and agronomic management systems. In (eds. Altieri MA, Liebman M) Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches, pp. 213-236. CRC Press, Boca Raton
  • Gordon, T. A., Derksen, D. A., Blackshaw, R. E., Van Acker, R. C., Légère, A., Watson, P. R., Turnbull, G. C. (2004). A multistudy approach to understanding weed population shifts in medium-to long-term tillage systems. Weed Science; 52: 874-880
  • Gruber, S., Pekrun, C., Möhring, J., Claupein, W. (2012). Long-term yield and weed response to conservation and stubble tillage in SW Germany. Soil and Tillage Research; 121: 49-56
  • Guy, S. O., Cox, D. B. (2002). Reduced tillage increases groundcover in subsequent dry pea and winter wheat crops in the Palouse Region of Idaho. Soil and Tillage Research; 66: 69-77
  • Jug, I., Jug, D., Sabo, M., Stipeševic, B., Stošic, M. (2011). Winter wheat and yield components as affected by soil tillage systems. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry; 35: 1-7
  • Knežević, M., İurkić, M., Knežević, I., Antonić, O., Jelaska, S. (2003). Effects of tillage and reduced herbicide doses on weed biomass production in winter and spring cereals
  • Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G. (2009). Management of Weeds within Tillage Systems: What have we learned from Prairie Weed Surveys? Prairie Soils and Crops Journal; 2: 31-37
  • Locke, M. A., Reddy, K. N., Zablotowicz, R. M. (2002). Weed management in conservation crop production systems. Weed Biology and Management; 2:123-132
  • López-Bellido, L., López-Garrido, F. J., Fuentes, M., Castillo, J. E., Fernández, E. J. (1997). Influence of tillage, crop rotation and fertilization on soil organic matter and nitrogen under rain-fed mediterranean conditions. Soil and Tillage research; 43: 277-293
  • Małecka, I., Blecharczyk, A., Sawinska, Z., Dobrzeniecki, T. (2012). The effect of various long-term tillage systems on soil properties and spring barley yield. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry; 36: 217- 226
  • Önen, H., Özgöz, E., Özer, Z. (2012). Toprak işleme yöntemlerinin buğdayda yabancı otlanmaya ve verime etkileri. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi; 29(1): 99-104
  • Pala, M., Harris, H. C., Ryan, J., Makboul, R., Dozom, S. (2000). Tillage systems and stubble management in a mediterranean-type environment in relation to crop yield and soil moisture. Experimental Agriculture; 36: 223-242
  • Rusu, T., Bogdan, I., Moraru, P., Pop, A., Oroian, I., Marin, D., Ranta, O., Stanila, S., Gheres, M., Duda, M., Mogosan, C. (2007). Influence of minimum tillage systems on the control of Convolvulus arvensis L. on wheat, maize and soybean. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment; 11 (2): 563-566
  • Saxena, M. C., Wassimi, N. (1980). Crop-weed competition studies in lentils. Lens; 7: 55-57
  • Sayari Dridi, N., Mekki, M., Ben Hammouda, M. (2012). Conventional tillage and zero tillage effects on weed flora and wheat yield. Agricultural Segment; 3(2) AGS/1591
  • Shrestha, A., Lanini, T., Wright, S., Vargas, R., Mitchell, J. (2006). Conservation tillage and weed management. University of California, Publication 8200: 1-14
  • Snedecor, G. W., Cochran, W. G. (1983). Statistical Methods, eighth ed. Iowa University Press.
  • Stevenson, F. C., Légère, A., Simard, R. R., Angers, D. A., Pangeau, D., Lafond, J. (1997). Weed species diversity in spring barley varies with crop rotation and tillage, but not with nutrient source. Weed Science; 45: 798–806
  • Swanton, C. J., Clements, D. R., Derksen, D. A. (1993). Weed succession under conservation tillage: A hierarchical framework for research and management. Weed Technology; 7: 286-297
  • Teasdale, J. R., Mohler, C. L. (2000). The quantitative relationship between weed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Science; 48: 385–392
  • Thompson, K., Grime, J. P. (1983). A comparative study of germination responses to diurnal- fluctuating temperatures. Journal of Applied Ecology; 20: 141-156
  • Tİrresen, K. S., Skuterud, R. (2002). Plant protection in spring cereal production with reduced tillage. IV. Changes in the weed flora and weed seedbank. Crop Protection; 21: 179-193
  • Tücer, A., Önal, İ. (1997). Farklı toprak işleme sistemlerinde bitki hastalıkları, zararlıları, yabancı otlar ve bunlarla mücadele yöntemleri. Tarımsal Mekanizasyon 17. Ulusal Kongresi, Bildiriler Kitabı, cilt 1, s. 282-289, Tokat
  • Türk, Z., Koç, M. (2003). Ceylanpınar ekolojik koşullarında kırmızı mercimek (Lens culinaris Medik)’te verim ve verim öğelerini sınırlayan etkenlerin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Türkiye V. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 13-17 Ekim 2003, Cilt II, 421-423, Diyarbakır
  • Unger, P. W. (1990). Conservation Tillage Systems. Advance in Soil Science, 13:27-67
  • Uygur, F. N., Koch, W., Walter, H. (1986). Çukurova Bölgesi buğday-pamuk ekim sistemindeki önemli yabancı otların tanımı. PLTS 4(1). Josef Margraf, Aichtal
  • Vakali, C., Zaller, J. G., Köpke, U. (2011). Reduced tillage effects on soil properties and growth of cereals and Associated weeds under organic farming. soil and tillage research; 111: 133-141.
  • Walia, U. S., Brar, L. S. (2006). Effect of tillage and weed managem4nt on seed bank of Phalaris minor in wheat under rice-wheat sequence. Indian Journal Weed Science; 38(1-2): 104-107
  • Woźniak, A. (2013). The yielding of pea (pisum sativum L.) under different tillage conditions. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus; 12(2):133-141
  • Woźniak, A., Haliniarz, M. (2012). The after-effect of long-term reduced tillage systems on the biodiversity of weeds in spring crops. Acta Agrobot; 65 (1): 141-148
  • Wozniak, A., Kwiatkowski, C. (2012). Effect of long-term reduced tillage on yield and weeds. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology; 15: 1335-1342
  • Yalçın, H., Demir, V., Yürdem, H., Sungur, N. (1997). Buğday tarımında azaltılmış toprak işleme yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması üzerine bir araştırma. Tarımsal Mekanizasyon 17. Ulusal Kongresi, Bildiriler Kitabı, Cilt 1, s. 415-423, Tokat
  • Zeren, Y., Işık, A., Özgüven, F. (1993). GAP Bölgesinde ikinci ürün tane mısır yetiştirmede farklı toprak işleme yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması. 5th. Int. Cong. On Mechanization And Energy In Agriculture, 11-4 Oct 1993, Kuşadası, Türkiye
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA99AS55CM
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Songül Gürsoy Bu kişi benim

Cumali Özaslan Bu kişi benim

Murat Urğun Bu kişi benim

Betül Kolay

Murat Koç Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1-2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gürsoy, S., Özaslan, C., Urğun, M., Kolay, B., vd. (2014). Farklı Toprak İşleme Yöntemlerinin Kullanıldığı Mercimek Tarımında Bazı Yabancı Ot Türlerinin Yoğunluğu ile Tane Verimi Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi. Bahri Dağdaş Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi, 1(1-2), 1-13.