Nature and Importance of Black Point in Winter Cereals

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 14 - 21, 05.10.2016

Zafer Şaban Tunca Ali Topal Yaşar Karaduman Serap Türkölmez

Öz

Black point is a fungal disease of grain, penetrating as shallow surface of the embryo. When the severity of the disease increases, it can also penetrate into the crease of the grain as well as the embryo and leads to turn black or dark brown color of the grain. Black point is seen in wheat grown in all regions. Black point reduces the grain's quality and value. Durum wheat is especially sensitive to the disease but wheat, barley and triticale are also affected by this disease. Durum and bread wheat are affected by this disease may not be accepted by the millers. Black point is one of the major problems in the wheat trade. Although the disease does not reduce grain yield, the colour and brightness of grain are effected negative. Because some fungal species causing black point, cause the reduction of the germination power and are reason for root rot problems, with the use of these affected seeds in sowing, the reduction in grain yield may be observed. In addition, in many article, the abiotic stress factors such as the amount of heavy rainfall and high humidity and extreme temperatures have also been reported to cause black point.

Anahtar Kelimeler

wheat, Black point, cereals

Serin İklim Tahıllarında Embriyo Kararması ve Önemi

Öz

Embriyo kararması tanenin embriyosunun yüzeyinde sığ olarak da içine işleyen mantari bir hastalıktır. Embriyo kararması hastalığının şiddetti arttıkça, hastalık tane embriyosunun yanı sıra tanenin karın kısmına da nüfuz edebilir ve tanenin renginin siyah ve koyu kahverengiye dönüşmesine yol açar. Embriyo kararması buğday yetişen bütün bölgelerde görülür. Embriyoda renk bozulmasına neden olur. Embriyo kararması tanenin kalitesini ve değerini düşürür. Makarnalık buğday embriyo kararmasına özellikle hassastır, ancak buğday, arpa ve tritikale de bu hastalıktan etkilenir. Embriyo kararmasından etkilenmiş makarnalık ve ekmeklik buğdaylar değirmenciler tarafından kabul edilmeyebilir. Embriyo kararması buğday ticaretindeki önemli sorunlardan biridir. Hastalık tane verimini düşürmemesine rağmen tanenin rengini ve parlaklığını olumsuz yönde etkiler. Embriyo kararmasına neden olan bazı mantar türleri çimlenme gücünün azalması ve kök çürüklüğü sorunlarına yol açacağı için, bu hastalığa yakalanmış tohumların ekimde kullanımıyla tane veriminde düşüş görülebilir. Yoğun yağış ve yüksek nem miktarının ve yüksek sıcaklık gibi abiyotik stres faktörlerinin de embriyo kararmasına neden olduğu bildirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Buğday, embriyo kararması, tahıllar

Kaynakça

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