Nakil Sırasında Tavukların Korunmasına İlişkin Avrupa Birliği Standartları ve Türkiye'nin Topluluk Mevzuatına Uyumunun Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 49 - 63, 20.07.2018

Zehra Bozkurt

Öz

Amsterdam Antlaşmasına göre Avrupa Birliği ve üye
devletler hayvanları hissedebilen canlılar olarak tanımaktadır. Birlik
mevzuatının hazırlanması ve
uygulanmasında hayvan refahı tam olarak göz önünde tutulmaktadır. Ortak Tarım
Politikasının 2003 yılı reformu ile hayvan refahı toplumsal bir hedef ve piyasa
ve kalite odaklı tarımsal üretim politikasının başlıca stratejilerinden birisi
haline gelmiştir. Son 40 yıl içinde Avrupa Birliği’nde hayvan refahı bir
öncelik haline gelmiş ve hayvan refahı mevzuatı sürekli olarak
geliştirilmiştir. Üye ülkeler ve üçüncü taraf ülkeler arasında hayvanların
taşınmasını gerektiren canlı hayvan ticareti nakil sırasında düşük hayvan
refahına bağlı ekonomik kayıpların da artmasına yol açmaktadır. Ulusal ve
uluslararası ticaret için en fazla uyum probleminin gerçekleştiği canlı hayvan
nakli verimliliği oldukça fazla etkilemektedir. Nakil, tüm çiftlik hayvanları
için önemli bir stres faktörü olsa da; tavuklar nakil sırasındaki düşük refah
koşullarından daha fazla olumsuz etkilenir. Nitekim son yıllarda Avrupa Birliği'nde nakil sırasında tavukların refah
ihtiyaçlarını da içeren kümes hayvanı nakil rehberleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu
derlemenin amacı, Avrupa Birliği'nde nakil sırasında tavukların korunmasına
yönelik refah standartlarının kapsamlı bir özetini sunmak ve tam üyelik için aday
olan Türkiye'nin ilgili Birlik mevzuatına uyum durumunu değerlendirmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği, refah standartları, tavuk nakli, Türkiye’nin uyumu

European Union Standarts for Protection of Chickens During Transport and Evaluation of the Alignment of Turkey to Community Legislation

Öz

According to the Amsterdam Treaty, the European
Union and its Member States recognize animals as sensient beings and the animal
welfare is fully taken into consideration the preparation and implementation of
legislation of the European Communities. With the reform of the Common
Agricultural Policy in 2003, animal welfare has become a social goal and become
one of the main strategies of agricultural production policy with market and
quality oriented. Animal welfare has become a priority for the European Union
and animal welfare legislation has been continuously developed during last 40
years. The livestock trade, which requires the transport of animals between
member countries and third countries, also
leads to an increase in economic losses due to low animal welfare during
transport. Livestock transportation where the most harmonization problem is
realized for national and international trade is very influential on
productivity. Although transport is a significant stress factor for all
animals, broiler chickens and laying hens are very negatively affected by poor
welfare conditions during transport. Thusly the poultry transport guides
including the welfare needs of the chickens during transportation have been
developed in the European Union in recent years. The purpose of this review is
to provide a comprehensive summary of welfare standards for the protection of
chickens during transport in the European Union and evaluation of the alignment
of Turkey to Community legislation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union, welfare standards, chicken transport, alignment of Turkey

Kaynakça

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