HATAY MESELESİ BAŞLARKEN BİR TAŞRA KENTİ GAZETESİNE YANSIMALAR: BALIKESİR’DE TÜRK DİLİ GAZETESİ ÖRNEĞİ (1936)
Öz
Osmanlı Devleti döneminde “İskenderun Sancağı” (kısaca Sancak) olarak adlandırılan ve 1936 yılında Atatürk tarafından Hatay adı verilen bölge Mondros Mütarekesi sonrasında 9 Kasım 1918 tarihinden itibaren önce İngiliz birliklerince işgal edildi. Daha sonra bu bölge de dâhil Suriye ve Lübnan San Remo Konferansı’nda 25 Nisan 1920’de alınan kararla Milletler Cemiyeti yasasının 22. Maddesi ile öngörülen Manda Sistemi’ne dayanılarak Fransa’ya bırakıldı. Milli Mücadele sırasında Türkiye ile Fransa arasında 20 Ekim 1921 tarihinde imzalanan Ankara Antlaşması ile Türkiye’nin güney sınırları tespit edilirken, bu bölge Türk toprakları dışında bırakılmış fakat özel bir statü kazanmıştı. Sancak bölgesi Misakı Milli sınırları içinde olmasına rağmen Milli Mücadele’nin henüz kesin bir sonuca ulaşmadığı bir sırada, Fransa ile savaşı sona erdiren bir antlaşma yapılırken bölgenin Anavatandan ayrı kalması kabul edilmek zorunda kalındı. 24 Temmuz 1923’te imzalanan Lozan Barış Antlaşması’nda da sınırların dışında kaldı. Suriye, Lübnan ve Sancak’taki Fransız Manda yönetimi 24 Temmuz 1922’de taraflar arasında imzalanan antlaşma ile karara bağlandı. Bu Manda yönetimi Milletler Cemiyeti tarafından 29 Eylül 1923’te tasdik edildi. Manda yönetiminin 1936’da sona ermesiyle ise Sancak, Türkiye’nin özellikle Atatürk’ün bizzat kararlı girişimleri ve yönlendirmesiyle bağımsızlık sürecine girmiştir. Türkiye’nin yürüttüğü bu kararlı politika sonucu Sancak, 12 Eylül 1938 tarihinde Hatay Cumhuriyeti adıyla bağımsız bir devlet oldu. Hatay 30 Haziran 1939 tarihinde de Anavatana kendi Meclisinin aldığı kararla katılmıştır. Bu çalışmada 1936 yılında Hatay ile ilgili gelişmelerin bir taşra kenti olan Balıkesir’de yayımlanan Türk Dili Gazetesi’ne nasıl yansıdığı ele alınıp incelenmiştir.
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REFLECTIONS ON A PROVINCIAL CITY NEWSPAPER AS THE HATAY ISSUE BEGINS: THE SAMPLE OF TURKISH LANGUAGE (TÜRK DİLİ) NEWSPAPER IN BALIKESIR (1936)
Öz
During the Ottoman Empire period, the region called "Iskenderun Sanjak" (shortly Sanjak) and called Hatay by Ataturk in 1936 was occupied by the British troops after the Armistice of Mondros on 9 November 1918. Later, Syria and Lebanon, including this region, were left to France on the basis of the Mandate System stipulated by Article 22 of the League of Nations law with the decision taken on April 25, 1920 in the San Remo Conference. During the National Struggle between Turkey and France, signed on October 20, 1921 Treaty of Ankara between Turkey's southern borders were detected, these regions have been left outside Turkish territory, but had won a special status. Although the Sanjak region was within the borders of the National Pact, at a time when the War of Independence had not yet reached a definite conclusion, when a treaty was made with France to end the war, the region had to be accepted to be separated from the Motherland. In the Lausanne Peace Treaty signed on 24 July 1923, it remained outside the borders. The French Mandate administration in Syria, Lebanon and Sanjak was concluded with the treaty signed between the parties on July 24, 1922. This Mandate administration was approved by the League of Nations on September 29, 1923.
September 26, 1936 in the Council of the League of Nations meeting, Foreign Minister of Turkey Tevfik Rüştü Aras Iskenderun and Antakya population expressed the idea of granting authorization to see their own affairs. It was agreed by the Council on the subject to be discussed between the governments of France and Turkey. Turkey's ambassador to Paris, giving a note to the French Foreign Ministry on October 10, making a covenant with the people of Sandzak suggested similar to his covenant with those of the Syrian government. On October 22, the France-Syria Treaty was published. France-Regarding the Syrian Treaty, Atatürk said the following when opening the 5th Term of the Second Assembly Year of the Turkish Grand National Assembly on November 1, 1936: '' Meanwhile, a major issue occupying our nation day and night is 'Iskenderun' and it is the destiny of its cool. We are obliged to dwell on this seriously and firmly. This is the only big issue between us and France, with whom we always attach great importance to friendship. Those who know the truth of this matter and those who love the right understand the severity and sincerity of our concern well, and of course they see it.”
In this study, how the developments regarding Hatay in 1936 were reflected in the Turkish Language (Türk Dili) Newspaper published in Balıkesir, a provincial city, was examined and examined. The Turkish Language (Türk Dili) Newspaper, published between May 16, 1926 and March 8, 1968, was reopened under the leadership of Cevdet Demiray on March 11, 1975, and closed on September 30, 1975, with no further publication. The first news about Hatay in the Turkish Language (Türk Dili) Newspaper started to appear in 1936. According to our findings, these news are between the dates of 7th November (October) 1936 and 31st of the First Law (December) 1936.
In Article 7 of the 1921 Ankara Treaty signed between France and the TBMM Government: "A special administrative procedure will be established for the İskenderun Region (Hatay). The people of this region of Turkish race will benefit from all kinds of organizations for the development of their culture. Turkish language will be the official language there. " This region was given a special status. In 1921, the purpose of this article Iskenderun Sanjak to Turkey in 1936, given that the right side is again reflected by a local newspaper reveals reasons on the agenda. The fact that the Hatay Issue was watched with enthusiasm at the very beginning in a provincial city newspaper located far from this region shows how important the issue is. At the same time, this study will prove also that public opinion in Turkey adopted such a national issue. The method to be followed is as follows: First, the developments regarding the region between 1918-1936 will be outlined in the Introduction section. Later, a short history of the Turkish Language ( Türk Dili) Newspaper will be covered. The study will be completed with the Conclusion section after the chronological presentation of the news published in the Turkish Language (Türk Dili) Newspaper with the Hatay region in 1936. As a result, this study will make a small contribution to the fact that the Turkish Nation is sensitive and determined on national issues.
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