Yolsuzluğun Belirleyicileri Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Analiz

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 515 - 535

Hikmet Dersim Yıldız

Öz

Ülkelerin gelişmişlik seviyelerinden bağımsız olarak yolsuzluk dünya genelinde sorunlu bir davranış olarak ifade edilmektedir. Yolsuzluk, toplumların geçmişten gelen demokrasi gelenekleri, iç ve dış karışıklıklardan kaçınmaları ve eğitim seviyeleri gibi birçok farklı faktör ile açıklanabilmektedir. Çalışmada, yolsuzluğun seçilen belirleyiciler aracılığıyla, yatay-kesit veri analizi ile tahmin edilmesi ve incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla Uluslararası Şeffaflık Örgütü, Yolsuzluk Algılama Endeksi (Corruption Perception Index) verileri esas alınmış ve 151 ülkenin 2021 yılı verileri kullanılarak dört farklı model oluşturulmuştur. İlk olarak tüm ülkeler analize dâhil edilmiş ve bazı bulgular elde edilmiştir. Diğer üç model ise İnsani Gelişme Endeksi’nin gelişmişlik sınıflandırmalarına göre oluşturulmuştur. Tüm ülkelerin dâhil edildiği ilk modele göre, demokrasi, eğitim seviyesi ve ülkelerin içinde bulunduğu barış ortamı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı çıkmıştır. Benzer şekilde gelişmişlik seviyelerine göre sınıflandırılan ülkeler için ayrı modeller oluşturulmuş ve bu bağlamda yolsuzluğun belirleyicilerinin ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeylerine bağlı olarak değişebildiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Son olarak bu çalışmada tahmin edilen eğitim ve barış faktörleri literatüre katkı sağlaması açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yolsuzluk, Demokrasi, İnsani Gelişme Endeksi, Barış

An Econometric Analysis on the Determinants of Corruption

Öz

Regardless of the development levels of countries, corruption is expressed as a problematic behavior around the world. Corruption can be explained by many different factors such as societies democratic traditions from the past, their avoidance of internal and external conflicts, and their education levels. The study aims to estimate and examine corruption through selected determinants using cross-sectional data analysis. For this purpose, Transparency International Corruption Perception Index (CPI) data was taken as basis. Four different models were created using 2021 data from 151 countries. First, all countries were included in the analysis and some findings were obtained. The other three models were created according to the development classifications of the Human Development Index. According to the first model in which all countries were included, democracy, education level and an atmosphere of peace of the countries were statistically significant. Similarly, separate models were created for countries classified according to their development levels. In this context, it has been revealed that the determinants of corruption may changeable depending on the development levels of countries. Finally, the education and peace factors estimated in this study are important in terms of contributing to the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Corruption, Democracy, Human Development Index, Peace

Kaynakça

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