THE ROLE OF APPRAISAL PURPOSE AND GENDER IN TERMS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL EFFECTIVENESS

Öz

Performance appraisal has been one of the most popular research topics in the field of human resource management. In these performance appraisal researches, while typical dependent variables are usually results of the performance appraisals, several different independent variables are analyzed to understand their effects on these results. The main purpose is detecting factors that should be considered for effective performance appraisals. Because of that it is a necessity to find out and control biases and errors that negatively affects the rationality of the appraisal process. According to this view, gender of ratees and raters are one of the most important independent variables that should be studied. In this context finding out whether there is a relationship between performance appraisals and gender and the way of this relationship have a critical importance. Another factor that should be considered from the point of appraisal errors and biases is the purpose of performance appraisals. Different purposes can affect the evaluations and decrease the reliability of the results. It is possible to find many different studies in the literature that examine gender and purpose of appraisals separately; but there are very few studies that consider the interaction of these two variables. In this paper written to contribute to this shortcoming, the relationship between gender and performance appraisal will be studied in terms of reliability of the appraisal results. Beside, in this study data from real organizational environment was used unlike most studies that was conducted in laboratory settings. In this context firstly the effect of gender on performance appraisal results was examined and it was seen that males get higher scores that females for both general performance results and different dimensions of performance. After that the relationship between ratees’ gender and appraisals was analyzed and it was found that both males and females are tend to give higher scores to employees with same-sex. Moreover the effect of performance purpose on appraisal results was taken into consideration and it was found that appraisals are free from the purpose of performance. Lastly gender and the purpose of performance were analyzed together. According to results while gender has no effect on performance results when the purpose is administrative, it affects performance appraisals when the purpose is developmental

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Performance Appraisal, Gender, Purpose of Performance Appraisal

PERFORMANS DEĞERLENDİRMENİN ETKİNLİĞİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRME AMACININ VE CİNSİYETİN ROLÜ

Öz

Performans değerlendirme, uzun yıllardır insan kaynakları yönetimi alanında popüler bir araştırma konusu olagelmiştir. Konunun tipik bağımlı değişkenini, performans ölçüm sonuçları oluştururken birçok bağımsız değişken, sonuçlar üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi üzere test edilmektedir. Buradaki temel amaç, etkin bir performans değerlendirme sistemi için göz önünde bulundurulması gereken unsurların tespit edilmesidir. Bundan dolayıdır ki değerlendirme sürecinin rasyonelliğini etkileyecek olan önyargıların ve hataların ortaya konularak kontrol altına alınması önemli bir gerekliliktir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında üzerinde durulması gereken bağımsız değişkenlerin başında değerlendiricilerin ve değerlendirilenlerin cinsiyeti gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda cinsiyet ve performans değerlendirmeleri arasında bir etkileşim olup olmadığı ve bu etkileşimin değerlendirmelerdeki sübjektifliği ne yönde etkilediğinin tespit edilmesi kritik bir önem arz etmektedir. Değerlendirmelerdeki hatalar ve önyargılarla ilişkisi açısından incelenmesi gereken önemli bir başka faktör ise değerlendirmenin amacıdır. Hedeflenen çeşitli amaçlar yapılan değerlendirmeleri etkilemekte ve sonuçların güvenilirliği üzerinde bir soru işareti bırakmaktadır. Literatürde cinsiyet ve değerlendirme amacı değişkenlerini birbirinden bağımsız olarak inceleyen birçok araştırmaya rastlamak mümkün olsa da bu iki değişkenin etkileşimlerini ele alan çalışmaların azlığı dikkat çekicidir. Bu eksikliğin giderilmesine katkı sağlamak amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada, performans değerlendirmelerinin cinsiyet ve değerlendirme amacı ile olan ilişkisi elde edilen sonuçların güvenilirliği açısından ele alınmıştır. Aynı zamanda literatürdeki laboratuvar ortamında gerçekleştirilmiş çoğu çalışmadan farklı olarak bu çalışmada gerçek iş ortamı verilerinden faydalanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, öncelikle cinsiyetin alınan performans değerlendirme puanları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiş ve hem çeşitli performans boyutlarında hem de genel performans sonuçlarında erkeklerin kadınlardan ortalama olarak daha yüksek puanlar aldıkları görülmüştür. Ardından değerlendirenin cinsiyetinin yapılan değerlendirmeler ile olan ilişkisi ele alınmış ve kadınlar ve erkeklerin kendi hemcinslerine daha yüksek puanlar verme eğiliminde oldukları görülmüştür. Ayrıca çalışmada değerlendirme amacının performans değerlendirme sonuçları üzerindeki etkisine bakılmış ve yapılan değerlendirmelerin amaçtan bağımsız olduğu bulunmuştur. Son olarak cinsiyet ve değerlendirme amacının ortak etkisi incelenmiş ve yönetsel amaçlı değerlendirmelerde cinsiyet bir farklılık oluşturmazken gelişimsel amaçla yapılan değerlendirmelerde cinsiyetin bir farklılık ortaya çıkardığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Performans Değerlendirme, Cinsiyet, Değerlendirme Amacı

Kaynakça

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