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RUNNING HEAD: SELF INITIATEDEXPATRIATES IN THE UNITED STATES SELF INITIATED EXPATRIATES IN THE UNITED STATES: IMPLICATIONS FOR HRD

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 39 - 45, 01.06.2013

Öz

Over the past two decades, there has been an increased interest in global forms of employment in international HRD. Studies of expatriates in HRD generally focus on employees sent on global assignments by their respective organizations. However, there is a growing population of individuals who initiate expatriation, also known as self-initiated expatriates. This paper is an original piece of work that offers the opportunity to ascertain and comprehend the need to study self-initiated expatriates in the United States. Findings suggest a steady increase in the percentage of self-initiated expatriates.Findings also suggest that while the numbers are increasing, there is a need to conduct empirical research in this area. Based on this review, the author outlines an agenda for future research in this area as well as implications for HRD research and practice

Kaynakça

  • Altman, Y., & Baruch, Y. (2012). Global self-initiated corporate expatriate careers: a new era in international
  • assignments? Personnel Review, 41(2), 233 – 255. doi: 10.1108/00483481211200051
  • Black, J. S. (1990). The relationship of personal characteristics with the adjustment of Japanese expatriate managers. Management International Review, 30(2), 119 - 134.
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics (2007). Foreign born workers: labor force characteristics in 2006. United States Department of Labor. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/forbrn_04252007.pdf
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics (2011). Foreign born workers: labor force characteristics in 2010. United States Department of Labor. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/forbrn.pdf
  • Caligiuri, P., & Tung, R. L. (1999). Comparing the success of male and female expatriates from a US-based multinational company. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10(5), 763-782.
  • Collings, D. & Scullion, H, (2006). Global Staffing. In G.K. Stahl and I. Björkman (Eds.) Handbook of research in international human resource management (pp.141-157). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
  • Collings, D., Scullion, H., & Morley, M. (2007). Changing patterns of global staffing in the multinational enterprise: challenges to the conventional expatriate assignment and emerging alternatives. Journal of World Business, 42(2), 198-213. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2007.02.005
  • Culpan, O., & Wright, G. H. (2002). Women abroad: getting the best results from women managers. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(5), 784-801. doi:10.1080/09585190210125921
  • Department of Homeland Security. (2012). DHS reforms to attract and retain highly skilled immigrants. Retrieved from http://www.dhs.gov/ynews/fact-sheets/20120131-dhs-retain-highly-skilled- immigrants.shtm
  • Duncan, N. T., & Waldorf, B. S. (2010). High skilled immigrant recruitment and the global economic crisis: the effects of immigration policies. Working paper #10-1. Retrieved March 10, 2012 from http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/58417/2/10-1.pdf
  • Feltes, P., & Steinhaus, C. (1998). Wanted: International managers women should apply. Business Forum, 23, 13–16.
  • Fitzgerald, C., & Howe-Walsh, L. (2008). Self-initiated expatriates: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of professional female expatriates. International Journal of Business and Management, 3(10), 156-175.
  • Gambino, C., & Gryn, T. (2011). The foreign born with science and engineering degrees: 2010. American Community Survey Briefs. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acsbr10-06.pdf
  • Kannankutty, N., & Burrelli, J. (2007). Why did they come to the United States? A profile of immigrant scientists and engineers (Info Brief, NSF 07-324). Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation.
  • Kent, M. M. (2011). More U.S. scientists and engineers are foreign born. Population Reference Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.prb.org/Articles/2011/usforeignbornstem.aspx
  • Kirkegaard, J. F. (2007). The accelerating decline in America’s high skilled workforce: implications for immigration policy. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.
  • Lazarova, M. B. (2006). International Human Resource Management in Global Perspective. In M.J. Morley, N. Heraty and D.G. Collings (Eds) International HRM and International Assignments. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Lazarova, M., Westman, M., & Shaffer, M. A. (2010). Elucidating the positive side of the work-family interface on international assignments: a model of expatriate work and family performance. Academy of Management Review, 35(1), 93-117.
  • Lee, C.H. (2005). A study of underemployment among self-initiated expatriates. Journal of World Business, 40, 172-187.
  • Lee, M. A., & Mather, M. (2008). U.S. labor force trends. Population Bulletin, 63, 2, 1-20. Retrieved from http://www.prb.org/pdf08/63.2uslabor.pdf
  • Lofstrom, M., & Hayes, J. (2011). H-1Bs: How do they stack up to US born workers? Institute for the Study of Labor. IZA DP No. 6259. Retrieved from ftp://repec.iza.org/RePEc/Discussionpaper/dp6259.pdf
  • Lowell, B. L. (2000). H-1B temporary workers: estimating the population. Working papers, Center for Comparative immigration Studies, UC San Diego. Retrieved from http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ms039dc#page-1
  • Lowell, B. L., Babco, E., & Ellis, R. (2005). The foreign-born in science and technology. Washington, DC: Commission on Professionals in Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://www.cpst.org/STEM/STEM4_Report.pdf
  • Matthews, C. (2010). Foreign science and engineering presence in U.S. Institutions and the labor force. CRS report for Congress, Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/97-746.pdf
  • Mayorkas, A. (2011). Encouraging entrepreneurs and high skilled workers to bolster the U.S economy and spur job growth. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. Retrieved from http://blog.uscis.gov/2011/08/encouraging-entrepreneurs-and-high.html
  • Mosisa, A. T. (2002). The role of foreign-born workers in the U.S. economy. Monthly Labor Review, 125 (5), 3- 12.
  • Myers, B. & Pringle, J.K. (2005) Self-initiated foreign experience as accelerated development: Influences of gender. Journal of World Business, 40, 421-431.
  • National Science Board. (2010). Science and Engineering Indicators 2010. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation (NSB 10-01). Retrieved from http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind10/pdf/c03.pdf
  • National Science Board. (2012). Science and Engineering Indicators 2012. Arlington VA: National Science Foundation (NSB 12-01). Retrieved from http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind12/c3/c3s4.htm
  • Newburger, E., & Gryn, T. (2009). The foreign born labor force in the United States: 2007. American Community Survey Reports. Unites States Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2009pubs/acs-10.pdf
  • Schuler, R.S., Budhwar, P.S. & Florkowski, G.W. (2002). International human resource management: review and critique. International Journal of Management Reviews, 4, 41-70. doi:10.1111/1468-2370.00076
  • Selmer, J., & Lauring, J. (2011). Acquired demographics and reasons to relocate among self-initiated expatriates. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(10), 2055-2070.
  • Stahl, G.K. & Björkman, I. (Eds.). (2006). Handbook of research in international human resource management. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
  • Suutari, V., and Brewster, C. (2000). Making their own way: International experience through self-initiated foreign assignments. Journal of World Business, 35(4), 417-436.
  • Vance, C.M. (2005). The personal quest for building global competence: A taxonomy of self initiating career path strategies for gaining business experience abroad. Journal of World Business, 40, 374-385.
  • Varma, R. (2010). India-born in the U.S. science and engineering workforce. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(7), 1064-1078. DOI: 10.1177/0002764209356239
  • Walters, N. P., & Trevelyan, E. N. (2011). The newly arrived foreign born population of the United States: 2010. American Community Survey Briefs. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acsbr10-16.pdf
  • Wasem, R. E. (2010). Immigration of foreign workers: labor market tests and protections. Congressional Research Service. RL33977. Retrieved from http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33977.pdf

RUNNING HEAD: SELF INITIATEDEXPATRIATES IN THE UNITED STATES SELF INITIATED EXPATRIATES IN THE UNITED STATES: IMPLICATIONS FOR HRD

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 39 - 45, 01.06.2013

Öz

Over the past two decades, there has been an increased interest in global forms of employment in international
HRD. Studies of expatriates in HRD generally focus on employees sent on global assignments by their
respective organizations. However, there is a growing population of individuals who initiate expatriation, also
known as self-initiated expatriates. This paper is an original piece of work that offers the opportunity to ascertain
and comprehend the need to study self-initiated expatriates in the United States. Findings suggest a steady
increase in the percentage of self-initiated expatriates. Findings also suggest that while the numbers are
increasing, there is a need to conduct empirical research in this area. Based on this review, the author outlines an
agenda for future research in this area as well as implications for HRD research and practice.

Kaynakça

  • Altman, Y., & Baruch, Y. (2012). Global self-initiated corporate expatriate careers: a new era in international
  • assignments? Personnel Review, 41(2), 233 – 255. doi: 10.1108/00483481211200051
  • Black, J. S. (1990). The relationship of personal characteristics with the adjustment of Japanese expatriate managers. Management International Review, 30(2), 119 - 134.
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics (2007). Foreign born workers: labor force characteristics in 2006. United States Department of Labor. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/forbrn_04252007.pdf
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics (2011). Foreign born workers: labor force characteristics in 2010. United States Department of Labor. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/forbrn.pdf
  • Caligiuri, P., & Tung, R. L. (1999). Comparing the success of male and female expatriates from a US-based multinational company. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 10(5), 763-782.
  • Collings, D. & Scullion, H, (2006). Global Staffing. In G.K. Stahl and I. Björkman (Eds.) Handbook of research in international human resource management (pp.141-157). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
  • Collings, D., Scullion, H., & Morley, M. (2007). Changing patterns of global staffing in the multinational enterprise: challenges to the conventional expatriate assignment and emerging alternatives. Journal of World Business, 42(2), 198-213. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2007.02.005
  • Culpan, O., & Wright, G. H. (2002). Women abroad: getting the best results from women managers. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(5), 784-801. doi:10.1080/09585190210125921
  • Department of Homeland Security. (2012). DHS reforms to attract and retain highly skilled immigrants. Retrieved from http://www.dhs.gov/ynews/fact-sheets/20120131-dhs-retain-highly-skilled- immigrants.shtm
  • Duncan, N. T., & Waldorf, B. S. (2010). High skilled immigrant recruitment and the global economic crisis: the effects of immigration policies. Working paper #10-1. Retrieved March 10, 2012 from http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/58417/2/10-1.pdf
  • Feltes, P., & Steinhaus, C. (1998). Wanted: International managers women should apply. Business Forum, 23, 13–16.
  • Fitzgerald, C., & Howe-Walsh, L. (2008). Self-initiated expatriates: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of professional female expatriates. International Journal of Business and Management, 3(10), 156-175.
  • Gambino, C., & Gryn, T. (2011). The foreign born with science and engineering degrees: 2010. American Community Survey Briefs. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acsbr10-06.pdf
  • Kannankutty, N., & Burrelli, J. (2007). Why did they come to the United States? A profile of immigrant scientists and engineers (Info Brief, NSF 07-324). Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation.
  • Kent, M. M. (2011). More U.S. scientists and engineers are foreign born. Population Reference Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.prb.org/Articles/2011/usforeignbornstem.aspx
  • Kirkegaard, J. F. (2007). The accelerating decline in America’s high skilled workforce: implications for immigration policy. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.
  • Lazarova, M. B. (2006). International Human Resource Management in Global Perspective. In M.J. Morley, N. Heraty and D.G. Collings (Eds) International HRM and International Assignments. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Lazarova, M., Westman, M., & Shaffer, M. A. (2010). Elucidating the positive side of the work-family interface on international assignments: a model of expatriate work and family performance. Academy of Management Review, 35(1), 93-117.
  • Lee, C.H. (2005). A study of underemployment among self-initiated expatriates. Journal of World Business, 40, 172-187.
  • Lee, M. A., & Mather, M. (2008). U.S. labor force trends. Population Bulletin, 63, 2, 1-20. Retrieved from http://www.prb.org/pdf08/63.2uslabor.pdf
  • Lofstrom, M., & Hayes, J. (2011). H-1Bs: How do they stack up to US born workers? Institute for the Study of Labor. IZA DP No. 6259. Retrieved from ftp://repec.iza.org/RePEc/Discussionpaper/dp6259.pdf
  • Lowell, B. L. (2000). H-1B temporary workers: estimating the population. Working papers, Center for Comparative immigration Studies, UC San Diego. Retrieved from http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ms039dc#page-1
  • Lowell, B. L., Babco, E., & Ellis, R. (2005). The foreign-born in science and technology. Washington, DC: Commission on Professionals in Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://www.cpst.org/STEM/STEM4_Report.pdf
  • Matthews, C. (2010). Foreign science and engineering presence in U.S. Institutions and the labor force. CRS report for Congress, Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/97-746.pdf
  • Mayorkas, A. (2011). Encouraging entrepreneurs and high skilled workers to bolster the U.S economy and spur job growth. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. Retrieved from http://blog.uscis.gov/2011/08/encouraging-entrepreneurs-and-high.html
  • Mosisa, A. T. (2002). The role of foreign-born workers in the U.S. economy. Monthly Labor Review, 125 (5), 3- 12.
  • Myers, B. & Pringle, J.K. (2005) Self-initiated foreign experience as accelerated development: Influences of gender. Journal of World Business, 40, 421-431.
  • National Science Board. (2010). Science and Engineering Indicators 2010. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation (NSB 10-01). Retrieved from http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind10/pdf/c03.pdf
  • National Science Board. (2012). Science and Engineering Indicators 2012. Arlington VA: National Science Foundation (NSB 12-01). Retrieved from http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind12/c3/c3s4.htm
  • Newburger, E., & Gryn, T. (2009). The foreign born labor force in the United States: 2007. American Community Survey Reports. Unites States Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2009pubs/acs-10.pdf
  • Schuler, R.S., Budhwar, P.S. & Florkowski, G.W. (2002). International human resource management: review and critique. International Journal of Management Reviews, 4, 41-70. doi:10.1111/1468-2370.00076
  • Selmer, J., & Lauring, J. (2011). Acquired demographics and reasons to relocate among self-initiated expatriates. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(10), 2055-2070.
  • Stahl, G.K. & Björkman, I. (Eds.). (2006). Handbook of research in international human resource management. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
  • Suutari, V., and Brewster, C. (2000). Making their own way: International experience through self-initiated foreign assignments. Journal of World Business, 35(4), 417-436.
  • Vance, C.M. (2005). The personal quest for building global competence: A taxonomy of self initiating career path strategies for gaining business experience abroad. Journal of World Business, 40, 374-385.
  • Varma, R. (2010). India-born in the U.S. science and engineering workforce. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(7), 1064-1078. DOI: 10.1177/0002764209356239
  • Walters, N. P., & Trevelyan, E. N. (2011). The newly arrived foreign born population of the United States: 2010. American Community Survey Briefs. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acsbr10-16.pdf
  • Wasem, R. E. (2010). Immigration of foreign workers: labor market tests and protections. Congressional Research Service. RL33977. Retrieved from http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33977.pdf
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

A. Esther Joshua Gojer Bu kişi benim

A. Esther Joshua Gojer Bu kişi benim

Jeff M. Allen Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gojer, A. E. J., Gojer, A. E. J., & Allen, J. M. (2013). RUNNING HEAD: SELF INITIATEDEXPATRIATES IN THE UNITED STATES SELF INITIATED EXPATRIATES IN THE UNITED STATES: IMPLICATIONS FOR HRD. Bilgi Ekonomisi Ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 8(1), 39-45.