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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WOMEN’S LABOR PARTICIPATION AND FERTILITY, DIVORCE AND THE WAGE RATE: A RESEARCH ON TURKEY

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 149 - 168, 01.06.2012

Aziz Kutlar Ekrem Erdem Fatma Fehime Aydın

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

  • Addison, John T.; Öztürk, Ö. Demet (2010) “Minimum Wages, Labor Market Institutions, and Female Employment and Unemployment: A Cross-Country Analysis”, IZA Discussion Papers, 5162, pp. 1-30.
  • Bargain, Olivier; Gonzalez, Libertad; Keane, Claire; Özcan, Berkay (2010) “Female Labor Supply and Divorce: New Evidence From Ireland”, IZA Discussion Papers, 4959, pp. 1-28.
  • Becker, G.S. (1985) “Human Capital, Effort, and the Sexual Division of Labor”, Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1), pp. S33-S58.
  • Becker, Gary S.; Landes, Elisabeth M.; Micahel, Robert T. (1977) “An Economic Analysis of Marital Instability”, Journal of Political Economy, 85(6), pp. 1141-1187.
  • Bernhardt, E. M. (1993) “Fertility and Employment”, European Sociological Review , 9(1), pp. 25-42.
  • Blau, F. D.; Kahn, L.M. (1981) “Race and Sex Differences in Quits by Young Workers”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 34(4), pp. 563-577.
  • Bowlus, Audra J.; Shannon Seitz (2005) “Domestic Violence, Employment and Divorce”, http://www.econ.queensu.ca/working_papers/papers/qed_wp_1075.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 07.02.2011.
  • Bremmer, Dale; Kesselring, Randy (2002) “Divorce and Female Labor Force Participation: Evidence from Times-Series Data, Causality Tests, and Cointegration”, http://www.rosehulman.edu/~bremmer/professional/divorce.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 07.02.2011.
  • Bremmer, Dale; Kesselring, Randy (2004) “Divorce and Female Labor Force Participation: Evidence from Times-Series Data and Cointegration”, Atlantic Economic Journal, 32(3), pp. 175-190.
  • Bremmer, Dale; Kesselring, Randy (1999) “The Relationship Between Labor Force Participation and Divorce: A Test Using Agreegate Data”, Unpublished Mimeo. Chiappori, Pierre-Andre, Bernard Fortin and Guy Lacroix (2002) “Marriage Market, Divorce Legislation and Household Labor Supply”, Journal of Political Economy.
  • Collver, A.; Langlois, E. (1962) “The Female Labor Force in Metropolitan Areas: An International Comparison”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 10(4), pp. 367-385.
  • Cramer, James (1980) “Fertility and Female Employment: Problems of Causal Direction”, American Sociological Review, 45(2), pp. 167-190.
  • D’amico, Ronald (1983) “Status Maintenance or Status Competition? Wive’s Relative Wages as a Determinant of Labor Supply and Marital Instability”, Social Forces, 61(4), pp. 1186-1205.
  • Engelhardt, H.; Kögel, T.; Prskawetz, A. (2001) “Fertility and Female Employment Reconsidered: A Macro-Level Time Series Analysis”, MPIDR Working Paper WP 2001-021, pp. 1-33.
  • Gray, Jeffrey S. (1998) “Divorce-Law Changes, Household Bargaining, and Married Women’s Labor Supply”, American Economic Review, 88(3), pp. 628-642.
  • Greene, William H.; Quester, Aline Q. (1982) “Divorce Risk and Wives’ Labor Supply Behavior”, Social Science Quarterly, 63(1), pp. 16-27.
  • Haber, S. E.; Lamas, E. J.; Green, G. (1983) “A New Method for Estimating Job Separations by Sex and Race”, Monthly Labor Review, pp. 20-27.
  • Huber, Joan; Spitze, Glenna (1980) “Considering Divorce: An Expansion of Becker’s Theory of Marital Instability”, The American Journal of Sociology, 86(1), pp. 75-89.
  • Johansen, S. (1988) “Statistical Analysis in Cointegrated Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, pp. 231-254.
  • Johansen, S. (1995) “Likelihood –Based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models”, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Johansen, S.; Juselius, K. (1990) “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration with Application to the Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, pp. 169-206.
  • Johnson, William R.; Skinner, Jonathan (1986) “Labor Supply and Marital Separation”, American Economic Review, 76(1), pp. 455-469.
  • Kneip, Thorsten; Bauer, Gerrit (2007) “ Effects of Different Divorce Probabilities on Female Labor Force Participation and Fertility”, Arbeitspapiere – Working Papers, 102, pp. 1-24.
  • Killingsworth, Mark R. (1983) “Labor Supply”, Cambridge University Press.
  • Lombardo, Karen V. (1999) “Women’s Rising Market Opportunities and Increased Labor Force Participation”, Economic Inquiry, 37(2), pp. 195-212.
  • Lordoğlu, K.; Minibaş, T. ve Diğerleri (1999) “Çalışmaya Hazır İşgücü Olarak Kentli Kadın ve Değişimi”, T.C. Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü ve Sorunları Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Michael, Robert T. (1985) “Consequences of the Rise in Female Labor Force Participation Rates: Questions and Probes”, Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1), Part 2: Trends in Women's Work, Education, and Family Building, pp. S117-S146.
  • Özar, Şemsa; Günlük-Şenesen, Gülay (1998) “Determinants of Female (Non-) Participation in the Urban Labour Force in Turkey”, METU Studies in Development, 25(2), pp. 311-328.
  • Peters, H. Elizabeth (1986) “Marriage and Divorce: Informational Constraints and Private Contracting”, American Economic Review, 76(3), pp. 437-454.
  • Poortman, Anne-Right (2005) “Women’s Work and Divorce: A Matter of Anticipation? A Research Note”, European Sociological Review, 21(3), pp. 301-309.
  • Psacharopoulos, G.; Tzannatos, Z. (1989) “Female Labour Force Participation: an International Perspective”, Research Observer, 4(2), pp. 187-201.
  • Reich, M.; Gordon, D.M.; Edwards, R.C. (1973) “A Theory of Labour Market Segmentation”, The American Economic Review, 63(2), pp. 359-365.
  • Rindfuss, R. R.; Brewster, K. L. (1996) “Childrearing and Fertility”, Population and Development Review, 22, pp. 258-289.
  • Semyonow, M. (1980) “The Social Context of Women’s Labour Force Participation: A Comparative Analysis”, The American Journal of Sociology, 86(3), pp. 534-550.
  • Shapiro, David; Shaw, Lois (1985) “Growth in Supply Force Attachment of Married Women: Accounting for Changes in the 1970’s”, Southern Economic Journal, 6(3), pp. 307-329.
  • Schultz, T. Paul (1989) “Women’s Changing Participation in the Labor Force: A World Perspective”, Policy, Planning, and Research Working Papers, WPS 272, pp. 1-47.
  • Spitze, Glenna; South Scott (1985) “Women’s Employment, Time Expenditure, and Divorce”, Journal of Family Issues, 6(3), pp. 307-329.
  • Stevenson, B. (2008) “Divorce Law and Women’s Labor Supply”, NBER Working Paper No: 14346, pp. 1-28.
  • Stolzenberg, R. M.; Waite, L. J. (1977) “Age and The Relationships Between Young Women’s Plans for Childbearing and Employment”, American Social Review, 42, pp. 769-783.
  • Tansel, A. (2002) “İktisadi Kalkınma ve Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımı: Türkiye’den Zaman-Serisi Kanıtları ve İllere Göre Yatay Kesit Kestirimleri”, ERC Working Papers in Economics 01/05T, ss. 1-31.
  • TİSK (2008) “OECD Ülkelerinde Kadınlar ve Erkekler”, http://www.tisk.org.tr/yayinlar.asp?sbj=ic&id=2691, Erişim Tarihi: 07.02.2011.
  • Viscui, W. K. (1980) “Sex Differences in Worker Quitting”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 62(3), pp. 388-398.
  • Weller, R. H. (1977) “Wife’s Employment and Cumulative Family Size in the United States, 1970 and 1960”, Demography, 14(1), pp. 43-65.
  • Youssef, N. H. (1972) “The Influence of Family Characteristics”, Social Forces, 51(2), pp. 135-153.

KADINLARIN İŞGÜCÜNE KATILMASI İLE DOĞURGANLIK, BOŞANMA VE ÜCRET HADDİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 149 - 168, 01.06.2012

Aziz Kutlar Ekrem Erdem Fatma Fehime Aydın

Öz

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de 1988-2009 yıllarını kapsayan dönemde, kadınların çalışma hayatı ile sosyoekonomik faktörlerin etkileşimi ele alınmıştır. Kullanılan veri seti, evli kadınlara ait doğurganlık oranı, boşanma oranı, kadınların işgücüne katılma oranı ve ücret endeksi olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan değişkenlerin uzun dönem ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Bunun için serilerin durağanlık testine başvurulmuş ve daha sonra eş bütünleşme analizi ve hata düzeltme teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Uzun dönem ilişkisinde bir eş bütünleşmenin söz konusu olduğu vektörün varlığı ve ücret endeksi ile doğurganlık arasında aynı yönlü ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, ücret endeksi ile kadınların işgücüne katılma oranı arasındaki ilişki negatif yönlü bulunmuştur. Yine ücret endeksi ile boşanma arasında aynı yönlü uzun dönem ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, değişkenlerin Granger nedensellik testinde nedenselliğin varlığı araştırılmış ve etki-tepki fonksiyonları ile değişkenlerdeki innovasyonun diğer değişkenlere yansıması takip edilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kadın işgücü işgücüne katılım oranı koentegrasyon (eşbütünleşim) Granger nedenselliği

Kaynakça

  • Addison, John T.; Öztürk, Ö. Demet (2010) “Minimum Wages, Labor Market Institutions, and Female Employment and Unemployment: A Cross-Country Analysis”, IZA Discussion Papers, 5162, pp. 1-30.
  • Bargain, Olivier; Gonzalez, Libertad; Keane, Claire; Özcan, Berkay (2010) “Female Labor Supply and Divorce: New Evidence From Ireland”, IZA Discussion Papers, 4959, pp. 1-28.
  • Becker, G.S. (1985) “Human Capital, Effort, and the Sexual Division of Labor”, Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1), pp. S33-S58.
  • Becker, Gary S.; Landes, Elisabeth M.; Micahel, Robert T. (1977) “An Economic Analysis of Marital Instability”, Journal of Political Economy, 85(6), pp. 1141-1187.
  • Bernhardt, E. M. (1993) “Fertility and Employment”, European Sociological Review , 9(1), pp. 25-42.
  • Blau, F. D.; Kahn, L.M. (1981) “Race and Sex Differences in Quits by Young Workers”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 34(4), pp. 563-577.
  • Bowlus, Audra J.; Shannon Seitz (2005) “Domestic Violence, Employment and Divorce”, http://www.econ.queensu.ca/working_papers/papers/qed_wp_1075.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 07.02.2011.
  • Bremmer, Dale; Kesselring, Randy (2002) “Divorce and Female Labor Force Participation: Evidence from Times-Series Data, Causality Tests, and Cointegration”, http://www.rosehulman.edu/~bremmer/professional/divorce.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 07.02.2011.
  • Bremmer, Dale; Kesselring, Randy (2004) “Divorce and Female Labor Force Participation: Evidence from Times-Series Data and Cointegration”, Atlantic Economic Journal, 32(3), pp. 175-190.
  • Bremmer, Dale; Kesselring, Randy (1999) “The Relationship Between Labor Force Participation and Divorce: A Test Using Agreegate Data”, Unpublished Mimeo. Chiappori, Pierre-Andre, Bernard Fortin and Guy Lacroix (2002) “Marriage Market, Divorce Legislation and Household Labor Supply”, Journal of Political Economy.
  • Collver, A.; Langlois, E. (1962) “The Female Labor Force in Metropolitan Areas: An International Comparison”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 10(4), pp. 367-385.
  • Cramer, James (1980) “Fertility and Female Employment: Problems of Causal Direction”, American Sociological Review, 45(2), pp. 167-190.
  • D’amico, Ronald (1983) “Status Maintenance or Status Competition? Wive’s Relative Wages as a Determinant of Labor Supply and Marital Instability”, Social Forces, 61(4), pp. 1186-1205.
  • Engelhardt, H.; Kögel, T.; Prskawetz, A. (2001) “Fertility and Female Employment Reconsidered: A Macro-Level Time Series Analysis”, MPIDR Working Paper WP 2001-021, pp. 1-33.
  • Gray, Jeffrey S. (1998) “Divorce-Law Changes, Household Bargaining, and Married Women’s Labor Supply”, American Economic Review, 88(3), pp. 628-642.
  • Greene, William H.; Quester, Aline Q. (1982) “Divorce Risk and Wives’ Labor Supply Behavior”, Social Science Quarterly, 63(1), pp. 16-27.
  • Haber, S. E.; Lamas, E. J.; Green, G. (1983) “A New Method for Estimating Job Separations by Sex and Race”, Monthly Labor Review, pp. 20-27.
  • Huber, Joan; Spitze, Glenna (1980) “Considering Divorce: An Expansion of Becker’s Theory of Marital Instability”, The American Journal of Sociology, 86(1), pp. 75-89.
  • Johansen, S. (1988) “Statistical Analysis in Cointegrated Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, pp. 231-254.
  • Johansen, S. (1995) “Likelihood –Based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models”, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Johansen, S.; Juselius, K. (1990) “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration with Application to the Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, pp. 169-206.
  • Johnson, William R.; Skinner, Jonathan (1986) “Labor Supply and Marital Separation”, American Economic Review, 76(1), pp. 455-469.
  • Kneip, Thorsten; Bauer, Gerrit (2007) “ Effects of Different Divorce Probabilities on Female Labor Force Participation and Fertility”, Arbeitspapiere – Working Papers, 102, pp. 1-24.
  • Killingsworth, Mark R. (1983) “Labor Supply”, Cambridge University Press.
  • Lombardo, Karen V. (1999) “Women’s Rising Market Opportunities and Increased Labor Force Participation”, Economic Inquiry, 37(2), pp. 195-212.
  • Lordoğlu, K.; Minibaş, T. ve Diğerleri (1999) “Çalışmaya Hazır İşgücü Olarak Kentli Kadın ve Değişimi”, T.C. Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü ve Sorunları Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Michael, Robert T. (1985) “Consequences of the Rise in Female Labor Force Participation Rates: Questions and Probes”, Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1), Part 2: Trends in Women's Work, Education, and Family Building, pp. S117-S146.
  • Özar, Şemsa; Günlük-Şenesen, Gülay (1998) “Determinants of Female (Non-) Participation in the Urban Labour Force in Turkey”, METU Studies in Development, 25(2), pp. 311-328.
  • Peters, H. Elizabeth (1986) “Marriage and Divorce: Informational Constraints and Private Contracting”, American Economic Review, 76(3), pp. 437-454.
  • Poortman, Anne-Right (2005) “Women’s Work and Divorce: A Matter of Anticipation? A Research Note”, European Sociological Review, 21(3), pp. 301-309.
  • Psacharopoulos, G.; Tzannatos, Z. (1989) “Female Labour Force Participation: an International Perspective”, Research Observer, 4(2), pp. 187-201.
  • Reich, M.; Gordon, D.M.; Edwards, R.C. (1973) “A Theory of Labour Market Segmentation”, The American Economic Review, 63(2), pp. 359-365.
  • Rindfuss, R. R.; Brewster, K. L. (1996) “Childrearing and Fertility”, Population and Development Review, 22, pp. 258-289.
  • Semyonow, M. (1980) “The Social Context of Women’s Labour Force Participation: A Comparative Analysis”, The American Journal of Sociology, 86(3), pp. 534-550.
  • Shapiro, David; Shaw, Lois (1985) “Growth in Supply Force Attachment of Married Women: Accounting for Changes in the 1970’s”, Southern Economic Journal, 6(3), pp. 307-329.
  • Schultz, T. Paul (1989) “Women’s Changing Participation in the Labor Force: A World Perspective”, Policy, Planning, and Research Working Papers, WPS 272, pp. 1-47.
  • Spitze, Glenna; South Scott (1985) “Women’s Employment, Time Expenditure, and Divorce”, Journal of Family Issues, 6(3), pp. 307-329.
  • Stevenson, B. (2008) “Divorce Law and Women’s Labor Supply”, NBER Working Paper No: 14346, pp. 1-28.
  • Stolzenberg, R. M.; Waite, L. J. (1977) “Age and The Relationships Between Young Women’s Plans for Childbearing and Employment”, American Social Review, 42, pp. 769-783.
  • Tansel, A. (2002) “İktisadi Kalkınma ve Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımı: Türkiye’den Zaman-Serisi Kanıtları ve İllere Göre Yatay Kesit Kestirimleri”, ERC Working Papers in Economics 01/05T, ss. 1-31.
  • TİSK (2008) “OECD Ülkelerinde Kadınlar ve Erkekler”, http://www.tisk.org.tr/yayinlar.asp?sbj=ic&id=2691, Erişim Tarihi: 07.02.2011.
  • Viscui, W. K. (1980) “Sex Differences in Worker Quitting”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 62(3), pp. 388-398.
  • Weller, R. H. (1977) “Wife’s Employment and Cumulative Family Size in the United States, 1970 and 1960”, Demography, 14(1), pp. 43-65.
  • Youssef, N. H. (1972) “The Influence of Family Characteristics”, Social Forces, 51(2), pp. 135-153.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aziz Kutlar Bu kişi benim

Ekrem Erdem Bu kişi benim

Fatma Fehime Aydın

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kutlar, A., Erdem, E., & Aydın, F. F. (2012). KADINLARIN İŞGÜCÜNE KATILMASI İLE DOĞURGANLIK, BOŞANMA VE ÜCRET HADDİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Bilgi Ekonomisi Ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 7(1), 149-168.