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شخصيات غائبة حاضرة في تحرير بيت المقدس

Yıl 2020, , 411 - 432, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.810271

Öz

نتناول في المقال أبرز الشخصيات التاريخية التي ساهمت -بشكل غير مباشر- في تحرير بيت المقدس، وأولها مودود بن ألتونتكين باعتباره مثل رد الفعل الأول والمفاصلة مع العدو الصليبي، وثانيها عماد الدين زنكي (1127- 1146م) والذي شرع في توحيد الجبهة الإسلامية الداخلية وانتزع إمارة الرها سنة 1144م وبالتالي استرجاع المسلمين لعنصر الثقة، وثالثها الملك العادل نور الدين محمود بن عماد الدين زنكي (1146- 1174م) والذي استكمل توحيد الشام وضم مصر ووحد المشرق العربي تحت خلافة واحدة هي الخلافة العباسية. ونختتم المقال بما سميناه "شخصيات أخرى مساندة"، وهي نجم الدين أيوب والد صلاح الدين الأيوبي، ومعين الدين أنر أتابك دمشق، وأسد الدين شيركوه عم صلاح الدين الأيوبي، وأعظم قادة نور الدين زنكي.

Kaynakça

  • Abul-Fida, Imad al-Din (n.d.). al-Muktasar fi Tarikh al-Bashar. Cairo: Matbuat al-Husainiyah.
  • Abu-Shamah, A. I. (1997). Al-Rawdatayn fi Akhbar al-Dawlatayn. Beirut: Mu’asasat al-Risalah.
  • Al-Arini, al-Sayyid al-Baz (1967). Al-Sharq al-Adna fi al-Usur al-Wusta. Dar al-Nahda.
  • Al-Asali, Bassam (1988). Mashahir al-Khulafa’ wal-Umara’: Nur al-Din al-Qa’id. Beirut: Dar al-Nafais.
  • Al-Hamawi, Shihab al-Din (1977) Mu’jam al-Buldan. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
  • Barber, Malcolm (2012). The Crusader States. New haven: Yale University Press.
  • Baydoun, Ibrahim (2002). Tarikh Bilad al-Sham fi al-Usur al-Islamiyah. Beirut: Sharikat al-Matbou‘at.
  • Elisseeff, Nikita (1967). Nur ad-Din: un Grand Prince musulman de Syrie au temps des croisades. Damascus: Institut Français de Damas, Tome III.
  • Grousset, René (1936). Histoire des croisades et du royaume France de Jérusalem. Paris: Plon.
  • Ibn al-Adim, Kamal al-Din (1996). Zubdat al-Halab min Tarikh Halab. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • Ibn al-Athir, A. M. (1987). Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • Ibn al-Qalanisi, Abu Yala H. (1908). Zail Tarikh Dimashq. Beirut: Matba’at al-Aba’ al-Yasu’iyin.
  • Ibn Kathir, Ismail (1991). Al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah. Beirut: Maktabat al-Ma’arif.
  • Ibn Khalikan, A. M. I. (1972). Wafayat al-Ayan wa-Anba’ Abna’ al-Zaman. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
  • Ibn Wasil, M. S. (1957). Mufarij al-Kurub fi Akhbar bani Ayub. Ed. Jamal al-Din al-Shayal. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub wal-Wathaiq al-Qawmiyah.
  • Ismail, Layla (n.d.). Tarikh al-Ayubiyin wl-Mamalik fi Misir wal-Sham. Egypt: Dar al-Thaqafah al-Arabiyah.
  • Mursi, Muhammad Said (2003). Uzama’ al-Islam Abr arbat ashar qarnan min al-Zaman. Dar Iqra.
  • Taqush, Muhamad Suhail (1999). Tarikh al-Ayubiyin fi Misir wa Bilad al-Sham. Beirut: Dar al-Nafa’is.
  • Taqush, Muhamad Suhail (2010). Tarikh al-Zinkyin fi al-Musul wa Bilad al-Sham. Beirut: Dar al-Nafa’is.

Absent Personalities Present in the Liberation of Bayt al-Maqdis

Yıl 2020, , 411 - 432, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.810271

Öz

This paper deals with the most prominent historical figures who contributed -indirectly- to the liberation of Jerusalem, the first of which was Mawdud ibn Altuntekin, who represented the first reaction against the crusaders; the second of which was Imad al-Din Zengi (1127-1146 CE), who proceeded to unify and gain the trust of the internal Islamic front and seized the County of Edessa in the year 1144 CE; and the third is the just king Nur al-Din Mahmoud Zengi (1146-1174 CE), who completed the unification of the Bilad al-Sham, annexed Egypt and unified the Arab East under one caliphate, the Abbasid Caliphate. The paper concludes with other "supporting personalities"; namely Najm al-Din Ayyub, the father of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi, Mu’in al-Din Unar, the al-Atabeki ruler of Damascus, and Asad al-Din Shirkuh, the uncle of Salah al-Din who also contributed to the liberation of Bayt al-Maqdis.

Kaynakça

  • Abul-Fida, Imad al-Din (n.d.). al-Muktasar fi Tarikh al-Bashar. Cairo: Matbuat al-Husainiyah.
  • Abu-Shamah, A. I. (1997). Al-Rawdatayn fi Akhbar al-Dawlatayn. Beirut: Mu’asasat al-Risalah.
  • Al-Arini, al-Sayyid al-Baz (1967). Al-Sharq al-Adna fi al-Usur al-Wusta. Dar al-Nahda.
  • Al-Asali, Bassam (1988). Mashahir al-Khulafa’ wal-Umara’: Nur al-Din al-Qa’id. Beirut: Dar al-Nafais.
  • Al-Hamawi, Shihab al-Din (1977) Mu’jam al-Buldan. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
  • Barber, Malcolm (2012). The Crusader States. New haven: Yale University Press.
  • Baydoun, Ibrahim (2002). Tarikh Bilad al-Sham fi al-Usur al-Islamiyah. Beirut: Sharikat al-Matbou‘at.
  • Elisseeff, Nikita (1967). Nur ad-Din: un Grand Prince musulman de Syrie au temps des croisades. Damascus: Institut Français de Damas, Tome III.
  • Grousset, René (1936). Histoire des croisades et du royaume France de Jérusalem. Paris: Plon.
  • Ibn al-Adim, Kamal al-Din (1996). Zubdat al-Halab min Tarikh Halab. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • Ibn al-Athir, A. M. (1987). Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • Ibn al-Qalanisi, Abu Yala H. (1908). Zail Tarikh Dimashq. Beirut: Matba’at al-Aba’ al-Yasu’iyin.
  • Ibn Kathir, Ismail (1991). Al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah. Beirut: Maktabat al-Ma’arif.
  • Ibn Khalikan, A. M. I. (1972). Wafayat al-Ayan wa-Anba’ Abna’ al-Zaman. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
  • Ibn Wasil, M. S. (1957). Mufarij al-Kurub fi Akhbar bani Ayub. Ed. Jamal al-Din al-Shayal. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub wal-Wathaiq al-Qawmiyah.
  • Ismail, Layla (n.d.). Tarikh al-Ayubiyin wl-Mamalik fi Misir wal-Sham. Egypt: Dar al-Thaqafah al-Arabiyah.
  • Mursi, Muhammad Said (2003). Uzama’ al-Islam Abr arbat ashar qarnan min al-Zaman. Dar Iqra.
  • Taqush, Muhamad Suhail (1999). Tarikh al-Ayubiyin fi Misir wa Bilad al-Sham. Beirut: Dar al-Nafa’is.
  • Taqush, Muhamad Suhail (2010). Tarikh al-Zinkyin fi al-Musul wa Bilad al-Sham. Beirut: Dar al-Nafa’is.

Beytülmakdis’in Özgürleştirilmesinde İsimsiz Kahramanları

Yıl 2020, , 411 - 432, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.810271

Öz

Makalede, Kudüs'ün kurtuluşuna dolaylı olarak katkıda bulunan en önemli tarihi şahsiyetleri ele alıyoruz, bunlardan ilki ilk tepkiyi ve Haçlı düşmanı ile ayrılığı temsil eden Mevdud bin Altontekin, ikincisi ise iç İslami Cephe'nin birleşmesini başlatan İmad el-Din Zangi (MS 1127-1146). Edessa Emirliği MS 1144 yılında ele geçirildi ve böylece Müslümanlar güven unsurunu yeniden kazandılar ve üçüncüsü Levant'ın birleşmesini ve Mısır ve Arap Öteki'nin bir halifeliğin altında birleştirilmesini tamamlayan adil kral Nur al-Din Mahmud bin İmad el-Din Zangi'dir (MS 1146 - 1174), şahsi bir halifeliğe, Abbasi Halifeliği adını verdiğimiz makaleyi " Salah al-Din el-Eyyubi'nin babası Necm al-Din Eyyub ve Şam'daki Mu'in al-Din Anar Atabek, Salah al-Din el-Eyyubi'nin amcası Esed al-Din Shirkuh ve Nur al-Din Zangi'nin en büyük lideri.

Kaynakça

  • Abul-Fida, Imad al-Din (n.d.). al-Muktasar fi Tarikh al-Bashar. Cairo: Matbuat al-Husainiyah.
  • Abu-Shamah, A. I. (1997). Al-Rawdatayn fi Akhbar al-Dawlatayn. Beirut: Mu’asasat al-Risalah.
  • Al-Arini, al-Sayyid al-Baz (1967). Al-Sharq al-Adna fi al-Usur al-Wusta. Dar al-Nahda.
  • Al-Asali, Bassam (1988). Mashahir al-Khulafa’ wal-Umara’: Nur al-Din al-Qa’id. Beirut: Dar al-Nafais.
  • Al-Hamawi, Shihab al-Din (1977) Mu’jam al-Buldan. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
  • Barber, Malcolm (2012). The Crusader States. New haven: Yale University Press.
  • Baydoun, Ibrahim (2002). Tarikh Bilad al-Sham fi al-Usur al-Islamiyah. Beirut: Sharikat al-Matbou‘at.
  • Elisseeff, Nikita (1967). Nur ad-Din: un Grand Prince musulman de Syrie au temps des croisades. Damascus: Institut Français de Damas, Tome III.
  • Grousset, René (1936). Histoire des croisades et du royaume France de Jérusalem. Paris: Plon.
  • Ibn al-Adim, Kamal al-Din (1996). Zubdat al-Halab min Tarikh Halab. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • Ibn al-Athir, A. M. (1987). Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
  • Ibn al-Qalanisi, Abu Yala H. (1908). Zail Tarikh Dimashq. Beirut: Matba’at al-Aba’ al-Yasu’iyin.
  • Ibn Kathir, Ismail (1991). Al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah. Beirut: Maktabat al-Ma’arif.
  • Ibn Khalikan, A. M. I. (1972). Wafayat al-Ayan wa-Anba’ Abna’ al-Zaman. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
  • Ibn Wasil, M. S. (1957). Mufarij al-Kurub fi Akhbar bani Ayub. Ed. Jamal al-Din al-Shayal. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub wal-Wathaiq al-Qawmiyah.
  • Ismail, Layla (n.d.). Tarikh al-Ayubiyin wl-Mamalik fi Misir wal-Sham. Egypt: Dar al-Thaqafah al-Arabiyah.
  • Mursi, Muhammad Said (2003). Uzama’ al-Islam Abr arbat ashar qarnan min al-Zaman. Dar Iqra.
  • Taqush, Muhamad Suhail (1999). Tarikh al-Ayubiyin fi Misir wa Bilad al-Sham. Beirut: Dar al-Nafa’is.
  • Taqush, Muhamad Suhail (2010). Tarikh al-Zinkyin fi al-Musul wa Bilad al-Sham. Beirut: Dar al-Nafa’is.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Arapça
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Anass Bousselam

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Bousselam, A. (2020). شخصيات غائبة حاضرة في تحرير بيت المقدس. Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, 20(3), 411-432. https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.810271

ISSN:1367-1936 , e-ISSN:2514-6009