Wakhan Koridoru’nda (Afganistan) Pamir Kırgızlarının Yaşam Biçimi, Mevcut Durumu ve Sorunları

Öz

Wakhan Koridoru, Amuderya Nehri’nin kaynak sularını Pamir Dağları’ndaki kaynaklarına kadar takip ederek Bedahşan eyaletinden doğuya doğru uzanan, vadiler ve yüksek dağlardan oluşan dar bir panhandledir. İpek Yolu’nun en önemli kavşak noktası olan koridor, Avrupalılar ve Çinliler tarafından Arap Denizi Kıyıları üzerinden Hint Ovaları’na ulaşmak için bir ticaret yolu olarak kullanılmıştır. Afganistan’da Kırgız topluluğunun mensupları, kuzey Bedahşan Eyaletinde, Küçük ve Büyük Pamir olarak bilinen iki yerleşim yerinde yaşamaktadırlar. Hindikuş, Karakurum ve Pamir sıradağları arasındaki yüksek, açık vadiler, Pamir Düğümü olarak bilinen yeri oluşturur. Bu çalışmada Pamir Kırgızlarının Wakhan Vadisindeki yaşantısı, etno-kültürel özellikleri, mevcut ekonomik durumları ve sorunları ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman ve içerik analizi metodundan yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda Pamir Kırgızları nüfusunun her yıl % 6-7 oranında azaldığı, eğitim, sağlık ve medeniyetin diğer imkânlarından mahrum bırakıldıkları, Çin ve Orta Asya’daki zamana ve siyasi gelişmelere rağmen bozulmadan korunmuş büyük bir kültürel özgünlüğe ve zenginliğe sahip oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afganistan
• Wakhan Koridoru
• Pamir Kırgızları
• Etno-kültür
• örf ve adetler

The Lifestyle, Current Situation and Problems of Pamir Kyrgyz in the Wakhan Corridor (Afghanistan)

Öz

The Wakhan Corridor is a narrow panhandle of valleys and high mountains that stretches eastward from Badakhshan province, following the spring waters of the Amu Darya River to its sources in the Pamir Mountains. As being the most important crossroads of the Silk Road, the corridor was used by Europeans and Chinese as a trade route to reach the Indian Plains via the Arabian Sea Coast. Members of the Kyrgyz community in Afghanistan live in two settlements known as the Lesser and Greater Pamirs in northern Badakhshan Province. The high, open valleys between the Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Pamir Mountain ranges form what is known as the Pamir Knot. In this study, the life of the Pamir Kyrgyz in the Wakhan Valley, their ethno-cultural characteristics, their current economic situation and their problems are discussed. In the study, document and content analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. At the end of the research, it was concluded that the Pamir Kyrgyz population has decreased by 6-7% every year, they were deprived of education, health and other opportunities of civilization, and they had a great cultural authenticity and richness that was preserved intact despite the time and political developments in China and Central Asia.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afghanistan
• Wakhan Corridor
• Pamir Kyrgyz
• ethnoculture
• customs and traditions

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