Identity of Crimean Tatars

Öz

The Crimean Tatars are a community worthy of study without losing their conscience despite all the pressures in their history. Their loyalty to their history and their homeland has kept them together despite the genocide and exile they have experienced. The aim of this study is to evaluate the identity building process of the Crimean Tatars in the context of nationalist theories. It will be revealed in our work that Tatar nationalism, which is based on historical leader and symbolic values, can be explained by ethno-symbolism. In the study, firstly ethno-symbolism will be given and then the identity building process of the Crimean Tatars will be examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Crimean Tatars,nationalism,identity,ethno-symbolism,nation,USSR

Kırım Tatarları’nda Kimlik

Öz

Kırım Tatarları tarihlerindeki her türlü baskıya rağmen millet bilincini kaybetmemesiyle incelemeye değer bir topluluktur. Tarihlerine ve vatanlarına olan bağlılıkları yaşadıkları soykırım ve sürgüne rağmen onları bir arada tutmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı da Kırım Tatarları’nın kimlik inşa sürecini milliyetçilik kuramları bağlamında değerlendirmektir. Tarihten kopmadan lider ve sembolik değerler üzerine inşa edilen Tatar milliyetçiliğinin etno- sembolizm ile açıklanabileceği çalışmamızda ortaya konulacaktır. Çalışmada öncelikle etno-sembolizm hakkında bilgi verilip ardından Kırım Tatarlarının kimlik inşa süreçleri incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kırım Tatarları,milliyetçilik,kimlik,etno-sembolizm,millet,SSCB

Kaynakça

1. Aktürk, Şener (2011). “Regimes of Ethnicity: Comparative Analysis of Germany, the Soviet Union/Post-Soviet Russia, and Turkey”. World Politics 63 (1): 115-164.
2. Alexeyeva, Ludmilla (1998). “Mustafa Jemiloglu, His Character and Convictions”. Ed. Edward A. Allworth. The Tatars of Crimea Return to the Homeland. Durham and London: Duke University Press. 206-225.
3. Allworth, Edward A. (1998a). “Renewing Self-Awareness”. Ed. Edward A. Allworth. The Tatars of Crimea Return to The Homeland. Durham and London: Duke University Press. 1-26.
4. Allworth, Edward A. (1998b). “The Elusive Homeland”. Ed. Edward A. Allworth. The Tatars of Crimea Return to The Homeland. Durham and London: Duke University Press. 251-280.
5. Altan, Mübeyyin Batu (1992). A Brief History of Crimean Tatar National Movement. Kiev.
6. Altan, Mübeyyin Batu (1998). “The Importance of Family-A Personal Memoir”. Ed. Edward A. Allworth. The Tatars of Crimea Return to the Homeland. Durham and London: Duke University Press. 99-109.
7. Aydın, Filiz Tutku (2000). A Case in diaspora nationalism: Crimean Tatars in Turkey. Master Thesis. Ankara: Bilkent University.
8. Aydıngün, İsmail (2014). “Sürgün, Vatana Dönüş ve Kültürel Canlanma: Kırım Tatarlarında Kültürel Melezlik”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları Dergisi 42: 53-67

9. Aydıngün, İsmail & Ayşegül Aydıngün (2007). “Crimean Tatars Return Home: Identity and Cultural Revival”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 33 (1): 113-128.
10. Bingöl, Yılmaz (2004). “Nationalism and Democracy in Post-Communist Central Asia”. Asian Ethnicity 5 (1): 43-60.
11. Fisher, Alan W. (1978). The Crimean Tatars. Stanford: Hoover Press Publication.
12. Fisher, Alan W. (1998). “A Model Leader of Asia, Ismail Gaspirali”. Ed. Edward A. Allworth. The Tatars of Crimea Return to the Homeland. Durham and London: Duke University Press. 29-47.
13. Fisher, Alan W. (1980). The Soviet Marriage Market: Mate-Selection in Russia and the USSR. New York: Praeger Press.
14. Hansen, Holley E. & Vicki L. Hesli (2009). “National Identity: Civic, Ethnic, Hybrid, and Atomised Individuals”. Europe-Asia Studies 61(1): 1-28.
15. Hutchinson, John (1994). Modern Nationalism. London: Fontana Press.
16. Ichijo, Atsuko & Gordana Uzelac (Eds.) (2005). When is the Nation? Towards an Understanding of Theories of Nationalism. London and New York: Routledge.
17. Kanlıdere, Ahmet (2016). “Kırım Tatarlarının Kültürel Kimliklerini Yeniden İnşa Çabaları”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları 51: 233-243.
18. Kırımca, Seyit Ahmet (1998). “Symbols: The National Anthem and Patriotic Songs by Three Poets”. Ed. Edward A. Allworth. The Tatars of Crimea Return To The Homeland. Durham and London: Duke University Press. 71-84.
19. Kırımlı, Hakan (1996). National Movement and National Identity among the
20. Crimean Tatars (1905-1916). Tr. E. J. Brill. New York, Leiden, Köln: Tuta Sub Aegıde Pallas.
21. Kozelsky, Mara (2008). “Casualties of Conflict: Crimean Tatars during the Crimean War”. Slavic Review 67 (4): 866-891.
22. Kreindler, Isabelle (1986). “The Soviet Deported Nationalities: A Summary and an Update”. Soviet Studies 38 (3): 387-405.
23. Nekrich, Aleksandr M. (1978). The Punished Peoples: The Deportation and the Fate of Soviet Minorities at the End of the Second World War. Toronto: W.W. Norton.
24. Özkırımlı, Umut (2010). Theories of Nationalism a Critical Introduction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
25. Reddaway, Peter (1998). “The Crimean Tatar Drive for Repatriation: Some Comparisons with Other Movements of Dissent in the Soviet Union”. Ed. Edward A. Allworth. The Tatars of Crimea Return to the Homeland. Durham and London: Duke University Press. 226-236.
26. Sheehy, A. (1971). Crimean Tatars and Volga Germans: Soviet Treatment of Two National Minorities. London: Minority Rights Group.
27. Smith, Anthony D. (1986). The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell.
28. Smith, Anthony D. (1998). Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism. London and New York: Routledge.
29. Smith, Anthony D. (2002) ‘When is a Nation?’. Geopolitics 7 (2): 5-32.
30. Uehling, Greta Lynee (2004). The Crimean Tatars’ Deportation and Return. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
31. Williams, Brian Glyn (2002). “The Hidden Ethnic Cleansing of Muslims in the Soviet Union: The Exile and Repatriation of the Crimean Tatars”. Journal of Contemporary History 37(3): 323-347.
32. Zaloznaya, Marina & Theodore P. Gerber (2012). “Migration as Social Movement: Voluntary Group Migration and the Crimean Tatar Repatriation”. Population and Development Review 38 (2): 259-284.