Kimlik-Güvenlik İlişkisini Anlamak: Toplumsal Kimlik, Sosyal Psikoloji ve Toplumlar-Arası Güvenlik İkilemi

Öz

Soğuk Savaş ve 11 Eylül sonrası dönem, dünya siyasetinde ve Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininde yeni tartışmaların ve yeni yaklaşımların yolunu açtığı gibi, Güvenlik Çalışmaları alanında da yeni arayışların ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu çalışma, Kopenhag Okulu’nun güvenlik anlayışını genişleten ve derinleştiren yaklaşımı altında; uluslararası ilişkilerin en köklü kavramlarından olan güvenlik ikilemini, kimlik güvenliği perspektifinden ele almakta ve “toplumsal/toplumlar arası güvenlik ikilemi” kuramı ışığında yeniden değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmanın iki iddiası vardır. Birincisi, toplumlar arası çatışmayı anlamak bir bakıma kimlik dinamiklerini anlamak olduğundan, sosyal psikoloji disiplini alanına girilmesi kaçınılmazdır. Bu yüzden çalışma disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımla toplumsal güvenlik ikilemini çözümlemekte ve kimlik güvensizliğinin nasıl ortaya çıktığını bütüncül bir yaklaşımla irdelemektedir. İkincisi, bu çalışmaya göre Paul Roe tarafından geliştirilmiş olan toplumsal güvenlik ikileminin ortaya çıkma aşamalarında bir boşluk/geçişsizlik vardır. Mevcut çalışma, bu boşluğu sosyal psikoloji disiplininden bir kavram -cepheleşme- ile doldurmayı önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toplumlar-arası güvenlik ikilemi
• grup kimliği
• kopenhag okulu
• sosyal psikoloji
• güvenlikleştirme
• çatışma ve cepheleşme

Understanding Identity-Security Nexus: Social Identity, Social Psychology and The Inter-Societal Security Dilemma

Öz

The post-Cold War and post-9/11 world politics opened promising new avenues of research, debates and approaches down which to travel. This article revisits one particular avenue; the Copenhagen School’s concept of societal security and re-evaluates one of the oldest concepts in security studies: the security dilemma in the context of identity-security nexus. The article has two claims. First, exploring social conflicts necessitates studying the dynamics of group identity and visiting the discipline of social psychology. By using such an interdisciplinary approach the article offers a better understanding of the dynamics of societal insecurity and insecure identities. In this context, it critically engages with Paul Roe’s theory of the inter-societal security dilemma. Secondly, the article argues that the inter-societal security dilemma approach has a gap in its fourfold analytical framework. To fill the gap, the present study employs an intervening variable, a new concept gleaned from social psychology, namely ‘confrontation’ to better explain why societies fight.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Inter-societal security dilemma
• group identity
• Copenhagen School
• social psychology
• securitization
• conflict and confrontation

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