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Oksidentalizm: Oryantalizme Doğulu Bir Cevap

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 93, 181 - 202, 06.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9308

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Oksidentalizm kavramının farklı tanımlarını araştırmaktır. Oksidentalizm en kısa tabiriyle oryantalizmin tersidir. Nasıl ki Oryantalizm Doğu’nun Batılı bir okumasını ifade ediyorsa Oksidentalizm de Batı’nın Doğulu bir okumasıdır. İlgili literatürü taradığımızda Doğu’nun bu okumasına farklı anlamlar yüklendiğini görüyoruz. Mısırlı felsefeci Hasan Hanefi’ye göre Oksidentalizm batılılaşmaya alternatif olarak, seçerek almanın bilimini ifade etmektedir. Ian Buruma ve Avishai Margalit ise Oksidentalizmi bir bilim olarak değil, Batı düşmanlığı olarak tanımladılar. Bu iki görüşün aksine, Oksidentalizmi “nasıl daha iyi Batılı olunur” sorusunun cevabı olarak gören üçüncü bir görüş daha vardır. Bu görüşün Doğulu ve Batılı temsilcileri olmakla birlikte yaklaşımları birbirinden farklıdır. Çalışmada Oryantalizm-Oksidentalizm bağlantısı incelenerek Oksidentalizm ve Oksidentalist kavramlarının farklı anlamları üzerinde durulmuş ve Oksidentalizmin bilimsel yönüne vurgu yapılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Aydın, Mehmet (2006). “Doğu-Batı Rekabeti ve Oksidentalizmin Yükselişi”. Marife 6 (3): 367-372.
  • Baudrillard, Jean (2007). Forget Foucault. Trans. Nicole Dufresne. Los Angelos: Semiotex.
  • Buruma, Ian (2004). “Origins of Occidentalism”. Chronicle of Higher Education 50 (22): B10.
  • Buruma, Ian and Margalıt Avishai (2005). Occidentalism, A Short History of Antiwesternism. Bercker/Germany: Atlantic Books.
  • Carrier, James (1992). “The World Turned Upside-Down”. American Ethnologist 19 (2): 195-212.
  • Chen, Xiaomei (1995). Occidentalism: A Theory of Counter Discourse in post-Mao China. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Coronil, Fernando (1996). “Beyond Occidentalism: Toward Non-Imperial Geohistorical Categories”. Cultural Anthropology 11 (1): 51-87.
  • Cowan, Douglas (2009). “Seeing the Saviour in the Stars”. Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 21(1): 3.
  • Hanafi, Hasan (2004). “İslam ve Batı: Çatışma mı Diyalog mu?”. Trans. Ali Kaftan. Cogito 40: 269-277.
  • Hanafi, Hasan (2006). Muqaddima fi ‘ilm Al-Istighrab. Beirut: Al Muassasah Al-Jami’iyyah li Al- Dirasat wa Al-Nashr wa Al-Tavzi.
  • Hanafi, Hasan (1993). “From Orientalism to Occidentalism”. Encounters in Language and Literature. Cairo, Egypt: Jāmi’at al-Qāhirah. 407-414. http://www.fortschrittweltweit.de/dokumente/aegypten/fortschritt_aegypten_hanafi.pdf (Accessed: 11.03.2017).
  • Hodgson, Marshall (1974). “The Classical Age of Islam”. V.1. The Venture of Islam. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Hür, Ayşe (2006). “Eleştiriden Düşmanlığa”. Radikal. 22 February.
  • Metin, Abdullah (2013). Oksidentalizm: İki Doğu, İki Batı. İstanbul: Açılım Kitap.
  • Ortaylı, İlber (2002). “Türkoloji ve Olmayan Bir Dal Oksidentalistik”. Türkiye Günlüğü 19: 50-52.
  • Öztürk, Mustafa (2006). “Oksidentalizm Bağlamında Afgâni-Abduh Ekolü”. Marife 6 (3): 43-70.
  • Said, Edward (1978). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Shih, Chih-yu (2011). “The West That Is not Western: Self-identification in the Oriental Modernity”. www.zo.uni-heidelberg.de/md/zo/sino/research/09_shihchihyu_west.doc (Accessed: 24.12.2017).
  • Schwanitz, Wolfgang (1994). “Occidentalistics” (Book Review). Middle East Policy III (1): 173175.www.trafoberlin.de/pdfdateien/2008_12_24/Hasan%20Hanafi %20Muqaddima.pdf (Accessed: 24.12.2017).
  • Spencer, Jonathan (1995). “Occidentalism in the East. The Uses of the West in Politics and Anthropology of South Asia”. Occidentalism. Images of the West. Ed. James G. Carrier. New York: Oxford University Press. 234-257.
  • Tavakoli, Mohamad (1997). “Women of the West Imagined: Persian Occidentalism, Euro-Eroticism and Modernity”. Cira Bulletin (13) 1: 19-22.
  • Tonnesson, Stein (1994). “Orientalism, Occidentalism and Knowing About Others”. NIASnytt 2.
  • Venn, Couze (2000). Occidentalism, Modernity and Subjectivity. London: Sage Publications.
  • Walia, Shelley (2001). Edward Said and the Writing of History. Cambridge: Icon.
  • Wahyudi, Yudian (2003). “Arab Responses to Hasan Hanefî’s Muqaddima fî ‘ilm al-Istighrâb”. The Muslim World 93: 233-247.
  • Woltering, Robbert (2009). Occidentalisms, Images of ‘the West’ in Egypt. https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/13800 (Accessed: 24.12.2017).
  • Yavuz, Şevket (2006). “Takdirden Tahayyüle: Dinin Kadastrolaşması ve Varlığın Ötekileştirilmesi Bağlamında Oksidentalizmi Yeniden Düşünmek”. Marife 6 (3): 107-122.
  • Yeo, George Yong-Boon (1991). “Keynote Speech”. Singapore Government Press Release. Release No: 21/Aug 03-1/91/08/12. http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/ data/pdfdoc/yybg19910812s.pdf (Accessed: 24.12.2017).
  • Zaman, Abu Abdallah Shibli (n.d.). “The Buddhas of Bamyan: Refuting Those Who Call for the Preservation of Idols in the Name of Islam”. https://tr.scribd.com/document/46563647/Taliban-Fatwa-on-Bamyan-Buddhas (Accessed: 24.12.2017).

Occidentalism: An Eastern Reply to Orientalism

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 93, 181 - 202, 06.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9308

Öz

The aim of this paper is to research the etymology and different definitions of the term of Occidentalism. Occidentalism, in its broadest meaning, is the reverse of Orientalism; just as Orientalism is a Western reading of the East, Occidentalism is an Eastern reading of the West. A meticulous reading of related literature reveals several different meanings attributed to Occidentalism. One of these definitions was introduced by the Egyptian philosopher Hasan Hanafi, who sees Occidentalism as the science of adopting Western values by eliminating them. Conversely, Ian Buruma and Avishai Margalit do not consider Occidentalism to be a science, but hostility against the West. In addition to these two definitions, a further perspective defines Occidentalism as the answer to one of the following questions: “How can the Western values be developed” and “How can Western values be adopted by the East, while saving the Eastern identity”. This paper defines and explores the terms Occidentalism’ and ‘Occidentalist’ considering these forms and interpretations.

Kaynakça

  • Aydın, Mehmet (2006). “Doğu-Batı Rekabeti ve Oksidentalizmin Yükselişi”. Marife 6 (3): 367-372.
  • Baudrillard, Jean (2007). Forget Foucault. Trans. Nicole Dufresne. Los Angelos: Semiotex.
  • Buruma, Ian (2004). “Origins of Occidentalism”. Chronicle of Higher Education 50 (22): B10.
  • Buruma, Ian and Margalıt Avishai (2005). Occidentalism, A Short History of Antiwesternism. Bercker/Germany: Atlantic Books.
  • Carrier, James (1992). “The World Turned Upside-Down”. American Ethnologist 19 (2): 195-212.
  • Chen, Xiaomei (1995). Occidentalism: A Theory of Counter Discourse in post-Mao China. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Coronil, Fernando (1996). “Beyond Occidentalism: Toward Non-Imperial Geohistorical Categories”. Cultural Anthropology 11 (1): 51-87.
  • Cowan, Douglas (2009). “Seeing the Saviour in the Stars”. Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 21(1): 3.
  • Hanafi, Hasan (2004). “İslam ve Batı: Çatışma mı Diyalog mu?”. Trans. Ali Kaftan. Cogito 40: 269-277.
  • Hanafi, Hasan (2006). Muqaddima fi ‘ilm Al-Istighrab. Beirut: Al Muassasah Al-Jami’iyyah li Al- Dirasat wa Al-Nashr wa Al-Tavzi.
  • Hanafi, Hasan (1993). “From Orientalism to Occidentalism”. Encounters in Language and Literature. Cairo, Egypt: Jāmi’at al-Qāhirah. 407-414. http://www.fortschrittweltweit.de/dokumente/aegypten/fortschritt_aegypten_hanafi.pdf (Accessed: 11.03.2017).
  • Hodgson, Marshall (1974). “The Classical Age of Islam”. V.1. The Venture of Islam. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Hür, Ayşe (2006). “Eleştiriden Düşmanlığa”. Radikal. 22 February.
  • Metin, Abdullah (2013). Oksidentalizm: İki Doğu, İki Batı. İstanbul: Açılım Kitap.
  • Ortaylı, İlber (2002). “Türkoloji ve Olmayan Bir Dal Oksidentalistik”. Türkiye Günlüğü 19: 50-52.
  • Öztürk, Mustafa (2006). “Oksidentalizm Bağlamında Afgâni-Abduh Ekolü”. Marife 6 (3): 43-70.
  • Said, Edward (1978). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Shih, Chih-yu (2011). “The West That Is not Western: Self-identification in the Oriental Modernity”. www.zo.uni-heidelberg.de/md/zo/sino/research/09_shihchihyu_west.doc (Accessed: 24.12.2017).
  • Schwanitz, Wolfgang (1994). “Occidentalistics” (Book Review). Middle East Policy III (1): 173175.www.trafoberlin.de/pdfdateien/2008_12_24/Hasan%20Hanafi %20Muqaddima.pdf (Accessed: 24.12.2017).
  • Spencer, Jonathan (1995). “Occidentalism in the East. The Uses of the West in Politics and Anthropology of South Asia”. Occidentalism. Images of the West. Ed. James G. Carrier. New York: Oxford University Press. 234-257.
  • Tavakoli, Mohamad (1997). “Women of the West Imagined: Persian Occidentalism, Euro-Eroticism and Modernity”. Cira Bulletin (13) 1: 19-22.
  • Tonnesson, Stein (1994). “Orientalism, Occidentalism and Knowing About Others”. NIASnytt 2.
  • Venn, Couze (2000). Occidentalism, Modernity and Subjectivity. London: Sage Publications.
  • Walia, Shelley (2001). Edward Said and the Writing of History. Cambridge: Icon.
  • Wahyudi, Yudian (2003). “Arab Responses to Hasan Hanefî’s Muqaddima fî ‘ilm al-Istighrâb”. The Muslim World 93: 233-247.
  • Woltering, Robbert (2009). Occidentalisms, Images of ‘the West’ in Egypt. https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/13800 (Accessed: 24.12.2017).
  • Yavuz, Şevket (2006). “Takdirden Tahayyüle: Dinin Kadastrolaşması ve Varlığın Ötekileştirilmesi Bağlamında Oksidentalizmi Yeniden Düşünmek”. Marife 6 (3): 107-122.
  • Yeo, George Yong-Boon (1991). “Keynote Speech”. Singapore Government Press Release. Release No: 21/Aug 03-1/91/08/12. http://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/ data/pdfdoc/yybg19910812s.pdf (Accessed: 24.12.2017).
  • Zaman, Abu Abdallah Shibli (n.d.). “The Buddhas of Bamyan: Refuting Those Who Call for the Preservation of Idols in the Name of Islam”. https://tr.scribd.com/document/46563647/Taliban-Fatwa-on-Bamyan-Buddhas (Accessed: 24.12.2017).
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Abdullah Metin Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4426-6380

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 93

Kaynak Göster

APA Metin, A. (2020). Occidentalism: An Eastern Reply to Orientalism. Bilig(93), 181-202. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9308
AMA Metin A. Occidentalism: An Eastern Reply to Orientalism. Bilig. Nisan 2020;(93):181-202. doi:10.12995/bilig.9308
Chicago Metin, Abdullah. “Occidentalism: An Eastern Reply to Orientalism”. Bilig, sy. 93 (Nisan 2020): 181-202. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9308.
EndNote Metin A (01 Nisan 2020) Occidentalism: An Eastern Reply to Orientalism. Bilig 93 181–202.
IEEE A. Metin, “Occidentalism: An Eastern Reply to Orientalism”, Bilig, sy. 93, ss. 181–202, Nisan 2020, doi: 10.12995/bilig.9308.
ISNAD Metin, Abdullah. “Occidentalism: An Eastern Reply to Orientalism”. Bilig 93 (Nisan 2020), 181-202. https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.9308.
JAMA Metin A. Occidentalism: An Eastern Reply to Orientalism. Bilig. 2020;:181–202.
MLA Metin, Abdullah. “Occidentalism: An Eastern Reply to Orientalism”. Bilig, sy. 93, 2020, ss. 181-02, doi:10.12995/bilig.9308.
Vancouver Metin A. Occidentalism: An Eastern Reply to Orientalism. Bilig. 2020(93):181-202.

Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi Mütevelli Heyet Başkanlığı