Endülüs İlmî Geleneğinde Bir Ailenin Portresi: Benû Belekâyuş

Öz

Belkâyuş ailesi 4/10. Yüzyılda Endülüs ilmî hayatında rol almış önemli bir ailedir. Belekâyuş ailesinin atası Kont Julianos’un Müslümanların İber Yarımadası’nı fetih sürecindeki (92/711) stratejik rolü ve soyunun İslam’a katılımı ile başlayan süreç, sonraki nesillerde ilmî bir çizgide devam etmiştir. Eyyûb b. Süleyman (326/938), ilim tahsili için Doğu’ya seyahat etmiş ve Irak Malikî ekolünün önemli temsilcisi Ebû İshâk İsmâîl b. İshâk el-Cehdamî el-Ezdî’den (282/896) ders almıştır. Elde ettiği bilgi ve kitaplarla Endülüs’e dönen Eyyûb, Bakî b. Mahled’in (276/889) savunduğu yenilikçi fıkhî görüşlere destek olmuştur. Oğlu Süleyman b. Eyyûb (377/987), hem öğrenci yetiştirmiş hem de Malikî mezhebinin geleneksel görüşlerine karşı eserlerin aktarımında önemli bir rol üstlenmiştir. Ailenin üçüncü nesil temsilcisi Ahmed b. Süleyman (388/998) ise bu mücadelelerin hafiflediği bir dönemde yaşamış, ancak yenilikçi yaklaşımları desteklemeye devam etmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Belekâyuş ailesi, Endülüs’te geleneksel ve yenilikçi fıkıh görüşleri arasındaki mücadelede aktif bir rol oynamış, ancak Bakî b. Mahled kadar ön plana çıkmamıştır. Bu durum, aileye dair bilgilerin günümüze sınırlı şekilde ulaşmasının başlıca nedenlerinden biridir. Bu makale, Endülüs ilmî hayatında önemli bir yere sahip olan Belekâyuş ailesinin tarihini ve entelektüel etkisini incelemektedir. Araştırma, İslam biyografi ve bibliyografi eserleri ile dönemsel kaynaklar ve güncel çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler ışığında, bu ailenin Endülüs’teki ilmî ve fıkhî gelişmelere katkısını ele almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İslam Tarihi
• Endülüs
• Mâlikîlik
• Benû Belekâyuş
• Red Geleneği

A Portrait of a Family in Andalusi Intellectual Tradition: The Banū Balakāyush

Abstract

The Balakāyush family was an important participant in the intellectual life of al-Andalus during the 4th/10th century. The process began with their ancestor, Julian, who played a strategic role during the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (92/711) and whose lineage embraced Islam. Subsequent generations pursued scholarly paths. Ayyūb b. Sulaymān (326/938) traveled east to study and received lessons from Judge Abū Ishāq Ismāʿīl b. Ishāq al-Djahdamī al-Azdī (282/896), a prominent representative of the ʿIrāqī Mālikī school. Upon returning to al-Andalus with the knowledge and books he acquired, Ayyūb supported the innovative jurisprudential views advocated by Baqī b. Makhlad (276/889). His son, Sulaymān b. Ayyūb (377/987), not only trained students but also played a critical role in transmitting works that challenged traditional Mālikī views. The third-generation representative, Ahmad b. Sulaymān (388/998), lived during a period when these struggles had subsided, but he continued to support innovative approaches. Ultimately, the Balakāyush family actively participated in the conflict between traditional and innovative jurisprudential perspectives in al-Andalus, though they did not achieve the prominence of figures like Baqī b. Makhlad. This limited their recognition and the availability of information about the family today. This article examines the history and intellectual impact of the Balakāyush family, who held a significant place in Andalusi intellectual life. Based on data from Islamic biographical and bibliographical works, as well as contemporary sources and current works, the research explores this family’s contribution to scholarly and jurisprudential developments in al-Andalus.

Keywords

• Islamic History
• Andalus
• Mālikī School
• Banū Balakāyush
• Tradition of Refutation

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