Blokzincir Teknolojisinin Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Bağlamında Etkileri Üzerine Bir Tartışma

Öz

Güvenli, şeffaf ve merkezi olmayan bir veri yönetimi altyapısı sunan blokzincir teknolojisinin mümkün kıldığı çözümler ve kullanımı hızla yaygınlaşan kripto varlıklar, birçok endüstrinin dinamiklerini değiştirmektedir. Çok fazla endüstride tetiklediği yapıcı yıkım ve enerji tüketimi ile tartışma konusu olan blokzincir teknolojisi aynı zamanda sürdürülebilirliğe hizmet eden küresel ve kapsayıcı bir vizyon sunmaktadır. Bu makalede, nüfus artışının ve ekonomik büyümenin en yüksek oranda gerçekleştiği Antroposen çağının en yeni teknolojilerinden biri olan blokzincir teknolojisinin sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın üç ana alanı olan çevre, ekonomi ve topluma etkileri üzerine bir tartışma sunulmaktadır. Blokzincir teknolojisinin, bu üç temel alan üzerinde olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri olduğu söylenebilir. Sürdürülebilir toplum odağında kollektif değer yaratma ve sosyal etki projelerini destekleme imkânı sunan teknoloji, verilerin demokratik yönetimine de imkân vermektedir. Sürdürülebilir ekonomi odağında yeni iş modellerinin gelişmesine ve çok kısa sürelerde aracısız, limitsiz, düşük maliyetli bir sistem ile kripto paraların transfer edilmesine olanak sağlayan blokzincir teknolojisi finansal kapsayıcılığı artırmaya adaydır. İş kanıtı yöntemi ile çalışan blokzincirler yüksek enerji tüketimi ile çevreye zarar verme potansiyeli taşırken, farklı yöntemlerle çalışan blokzincirler enerji tüketimini düşürebilmektedir. Aynı zamanda yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının madencilikte kullanımını artıracak çalışmalar da bir yandan devam etmekte ve bu teknolojinin sürdürülebilir çevre odağındaki olumsuz etkilerinin ortadan kaldırılabileceği öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Blokzincir Teknolojisi
• Bitcoin
• Endüstri 4.0
• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Sürdürülebilir kalkınma

A Discussion On The Effects Of Blockchain Technology Within The Context Of Sustainable Development

Öz

The solutions made possible by blockchain technology, and crypto assets, are changing the dynamics of many industries. Blockchain technology, which is the subject of discussion with the constructive destruction and energy consumption it triggers, offers a global and inclusive vision that serves sustainability. In this article, a discussion is presented on the effects of blockchain technology, on the environment, economy and society, which are the three main areas of sustainable development. It can be said that blockchain technology has positive and negative effects on these three main areas. Providing the opportunity to create collective value and support social impact projects with a focus on sustainable society, this technology also enables the democratic management of data. Blockchain technology, which allows the development of new business models with a focus on sustainable economy, has the potential to increase financial inclusion. While blockchains working with proof-of-work method have the potential to harm the environment with high energy consumption, blockchains working with different methods can reduce energy consumption. At the same time, studies that will increase the use of renewable energy resources in mining continue, and it is foreseen that the negative effects of this technology on the sustainable environment can be eliminated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Blockchain technology
• Bitcoin
• Industry 4.0
• Sustainability
• Sustainable development

Kaynakça

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