Determination of Type-2 reactions of some barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties registered in Türkiye against Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum head blight diseases
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 65 Sayı: 4, 27 - 38, 01.01.2026
Hakan Hekimhan
,
Hülya Sipahi
,
Ayşen Yumurtacı
Öz
Fusarium head blight, an important disease of barley, not only reduces crop yield but also negatively affects quality. In this study, Fusarium culmorum (Wm.G.Sm.) Sacc. (syn. Fusisporium culmorum Wm.G.Sm.; Fusarium culmorum var. leteius) and Fusarium graminearum Schwabe sensu lato (syn. Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch) spike blight agents were determined. The research was conducted under field conditions using artificial inoculation methods at Menemen, İzmir. A total of 32 barley varieties widely grown in Türkiye, along with a sensitive control variety (Stander), were included in the study. Before the experiment, the barley seeds underwent surface disinfection, were dried in a laminar flow cabinet, and then germinated on moistened blotting paper in sterilized Petri dishes. Germinated seeds were then cold-treated in a refrigerator for 4 weeks to provide their vernalization requirement. Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum isolates were obtained from the Adana region and cultured on SNA medium. During the flowering stage, liquid inoculum containing 1×10⁵ macroconidia/ml was sprayed onto the spikes of each variety (10 spikes per replicate). The inoculated spikes were enclosed in transparent plastic bags for 24 hours to induce pathogen penetration. At the milk stage (2–3 weeks’ post-inoculation), infection rates on the spikes were assessed as percentages and scored using a standard scale. Among the 33 barley varieties examined, one variety was found to be highly susceptible (VS) to F. culmorum, while four varieties were highly susceptible to F. graminearum. Additionally, 7 and 14 varieties were classified as susceptible (S), 18 and 11 varieties as moderately susceptible (MS), and 5 and 2 varieties as moderately resistant (MR) to F. culmorum and F. graminearum, respectively. Notably, Clarice and Hilal varieties exhibited resistance (R) to both pathogens.
Proje Numarası
Proje No: FEF-1901.13-02
Kaynakça
-
Abebe T., 2011. Engineering barley with antifungal gene gastrodianin to enhance resistance to scab disease. USDA-ARS/U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, FY08 Final Performance Report, USDA-ARS Agreement #: 59-0790-6-057.
-
Akalın M., 2014. İklim değişikliğinin tarım üzerindeki etkileri: bu etkileri gidermeye yönelik uyum ve azaltım stratejileri. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7 (2), 351-377.
-
Alqudah A.M., 2015. Developmental and genetic analysis of pre-anthesis phases in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Doctorate thesis, 166 p., Faculty of Natural Science, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg.
-
Altın N., Özkeskin E., Güngör H., 2019. Bazı ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin başak yanıklığı hastalığına (Fusarium graminearum) karşı reaksiyonlarının belirlenmesi. Zeugma II. Uluslararası Multi Disipliner Çalışmalar Kongresi, Tam Metin Kitabı, Cilt 3, 2090-2098, 18-20 Ocak 2019, Gaziantep.
-
Anonymous., 2024. Buğday ve arpada başak yanıklığı, Fusarium culmorum (WG Smith) Sacc., F. graminearum Schwabe. Hububat Hastalıkları Zirai Mücadele Teknik Talimatları. Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başk., 14-16. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TAGEM/Belgeler/yayin/Hububat%20Hastal%C4%B1klar%C4%B1%20Zirai%20M%C3%BCcadele%20Teknik%20Talimatlar%C4%B1.pdf (accessed date: 01.12.2024.
-
Arıcı Ş.E., 2006. Somaklonal varyasyondan yararlanarak in vitro seleksiyonla buğday (Triticum aestivum L.)'da başak yanıklığına (Fusarium spp.) dayanıklı bitki elde edilmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, 185 sayfa.
-
Bai G., Shaner G.E., 2004. Management and resistance in wheat and barley to Fusarium head blight. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 42 (1), 135-161. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.040803.140340
-
Bakker M.G., Jayathissa A.U., Fernando W.G.D., Badea A., Tucker J.R., 2024. Microbiome dynamics during malting of barley grains infested by Fusarium graminearum strains. Plant Pathology, 73, 7, 1886-1900. doi:10.1111/ppa.13946.
-
Bilikova J., Hudec K., 2014. Occurrence of Fusarium head blight of barley in Slovakia. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 15 (1) 175-184. doi: https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/15.1.1430
-
Browne R., Cooke B., 2005. A comparative assessment of potential components of partial disease resistance to Fusarium head blight using a detached leaf assay of wheat, barley and oats. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 112, 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-005-2077-z
-
Chrpová J., Šíp V., Štočková L., Stemberková L., Tvarůžek L., 2011. Resistance to Fusarium head blight in spring barley. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 47, (2). 58–63.
-
Çelik E., Karakaya A., 2015. Determination of the prevalence and severity of fungal foliage and head diseases occurring in the barley growing areas of Eskişehir province of Turkey. Plant Protection Bulletin, 55 (2), 157-170.
-
Derviş S., 2001. Screening of wheat varieties for resistance to head scab caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 25 (1), 37-43.
-
Dill-Macky R., 1997. Head Blight (Scab). In: Compendium of barley diseases (2nd Ed.), D.E. Mathre (Ed.), APS Press, 51-53.
-
Fernando W.G.D., Oghenekaro A.O., Tucker J.R., Badea A., 2021. Building on a foundation: advances in epidemiology, resistance breeding, and forecasting research for reducing the impact of Fusarium head blight in wheat and barley. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 43, 4, 495-526. doi:10.1080/07060661.2020.1861102
-
He X.Y., Singh P.K., Duveiller E., Dreisigacker S., Singh R.P., 2013. Development and characterization of international maize and wheat improvement center (CIMMYT) germplasm for Fusarium head blight resistance. In: Fusarium Head Blight in Latin America. Alconada Magliano T., Chulze S., (Eds.). Dordrecht, Springer, 241–262.
-
He X., Lillemo M., Shi J., Wu J., Bjørnstad Å., Belova T., Dreisigacker S., Duveiller E., Singh P., 2016. QTL characterization of Fusarium head blight resistance in CIMMYT bread wheat line. PLoS One, 11 (6), e0158052. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158052.
-
Hoheneder F., Biehl E.M., Hofer K., Petermeier J., Groth J., Herz M., Rychlik M., Heß M., Hückelhoven R., 2022. Host genotype and weather effects on Fusarium head blight severity and mycotoxin load in spring barley. Toxins, 14, 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020125
-
Imboden L., Afton D., Trail F., 2018. Surface interactions of Fusarium graminearum on barley. Molecular Plant Pathology, 19 (6), 1332–1342. doi:10.1111/mpp.12616
-
Ireta M.J., Gilchrist L., 1994. Fusarium head scab of wheat (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). Wheat Special Report No. 21b. Mexico, DF, CIMMYT.
-
Işık V., Mert-Türk F., 2013. Buğday başak yanıklığı etmeni Fusarium culmorum’un farklı buğday çeşitlerinde zearalenone üretimi ve verime etkisinin araştırılması. MKU Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (1), 13-24..
-
Jansen C., Von Wettstein D., Schäfer W., Kogel K.H., Felk A., Maier F.J., 2005. Infection patterns in barley and wheat spikes inoculated with wild-type and trichodiene synthase gene disrupted Fusarium graminearum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 102 (46), 6892–16897. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0508467102
-
Janssen E.M., Liu C., Van der Fels-Klerx H.J., 2018. Fusarium infection and trichothecenes in barley and its comparison with wheat. World Mycotoxin Journal, 11 (1), 33-46. Wageningen Academic Publishers.
-
Juskiw P.E., Kabeta Y., Nyachiro J.M., Duggan T., Oatway L., Oro M., Bowness J., Westling D., Hoge L., Xi K., Turkington T.K., Capettini F., 2021. Registration of ‘AB Wrangler’, a two-rowed feed and forage barley with enhanced resistance to Fusarium head blight. Journal of Plant Registration, 15, 223–235. https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20091
-
Kalaycı M., 2005. Örneklerle jump kullanımı ve tarımsal araştırma için varyans analiz modelleri. AnadoluTarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Yayın No: 21. ISBN: 975-407-173-X.
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Kansu B., 2009. Buğdayda kök-boğazı çürüklüğü ve başak yanıklığı etmeni Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm) Sacc. ve oluşturduğu deoksinivalenol düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 100 s., Samsun.
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Fusarium culmorum ve Fusarium graminearum başak yanıklığı hastalıklarına karşı Türkiye’de tescil edilmiş bazı arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) çeşitlerinin Tip-2 reaksiyonlarının belirlenmesi
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 65 Sayı: 4, 27 - 38, 01.01.2026
Hakan Hekimhan
,
Hülya Sipahi
,
Ayşen Yumurtacı
Öz
Arpada önemli bir hastalık olan Fusarium başak yanıklığı, ürün verimini azaltmanın yanı sıra kalite üzerinde de olumsuz etkiler yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bazı arpa çeşitlerinin Fusarium culmorum (Wm.G.Sm.) Sacc. (syn. Fusisporium culmorum Wm.G.Sm.; Fusarium culmorum var. leteius) ve Fusarium graminearum Schwabe sensu lato (syn. Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch) başak yanıklığı etmenlerine karşı dayanıklılık düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, İzmir/Menemen’de tarla koşullarında suni inokulasyon yöntemleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, Türkiye'de yaygın olarak yetiştirilen 32 arpa çeşidi ile hassas kontrol çeşidi olarak kullanılan Stander çeşidi incelenmiştir. Deneme öncesinde, arpa tohumları yüzey dezenfeksiyon işlemine tabi tutulmuş, laminer kabinde kurutulmuş ve steril petri kaplarında kurutma kâğıtları üzerinde nemlendirilip çimlendirilmiştir. Çimlenen tohumlar, soğuklama ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla 4 hafta boyunca buzdolabına alınmıştır. Fusarium graminearum ve Fusarium culmorum izolatları Adana yöresinden temin edilmiş ve SNA besiyerinde kültüre alınmıştır. Çiçeklenme döneminde 1x10⁵ makrokonidi/ml konsantrasyonunda hazırlanan sıvı inokulumlar, her çeşidin 10 başağına püskürtülmüş ve penetrasyonunu sağlamak amacıyla başaklar bir gün boyunca şeffaf torbalarla kaplanmıştır. Süt olum döneminin sonunda (inokulasyondan 2-3 hafta sonra), başaklardaki enfeksiyon oranları yüzdesel olarak ve skala değerlerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada incelenen 33 arpa çeşidinden F. culmorum için 1 çeşidin, F. graminearum için ise 4 çeşidin çok duyarlı (VS) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca F. culmorum ve F. graminearum için, 7 ve 14 çeşit hassas (S), 18 ve 11 çeşit orta hassas (MS), 5 ve 2 çeşit ise orta dayanıklı (MR) tepki göstermiştir. Clarice ve Hilal çeşitlerinin her iki patojene karşı da dayanıklı (R) olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Etik Beyan
Ayrıca, makale deney ve araştırma etiği ile ilgili tüm geçerli standartları karşılamaktadır ve mükerrer yayın, sahtekârlık, intihal veya hayvan veya insan deneyleriyle ilgili bir koşul bulunmamaktadır.
Destekleyen Kurum
Sinop Üniversitesi BAP Koordinasyon Birimi ve Ege Tarımsal Araşltırma Enstitüsü
Proje Numarası
Proje No: FEF-1901.13-02
Teşekkür
Bu projeye destek ve finansman sağlayan Sinop Üniversitesi BAP Koordinasyon Birimi’ne (Proje No: FEF-1901.13-02) ve Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü’ne teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
-
Abebe T., 2011. Engineering barley with antifungal gene gastrodianin to enhance resistance to scab disease. USDA-ARS/U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, FY08 Final Performance Report, USDA-ARS Agreement #: 59-0790-6-057.
-
Akalın M., 2014. İklim değişikliğinin tarım üzerindeki etkileri: bu etkileri gidermeye yönelik uyum ve azaltım stratejileri. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7 (2), 351-377.
-
Alqudah A.M., 2015. Developmental and genetic analysis of pre-anthesis phases in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Doctorate thesis, 166 p., Faculty of Natural Science, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg.
-
Altın N., Özkeskin E., Güngör H., 2019. Bazı ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin başak yanıklığı hastalığına (Fusarium graminearum) karşı reaksiyonlarının belirlenmesi. Zeugma II. Uluslararası Multi Disipliner Çalışmalar Kongresi, Tam Metin Kitabı, Cilt 3, 2090-2098, 18-20 Ocak 2019, Gaziantep.
-
Anonymous., 2024. Buğday ve arpada başak yanıklığı, Fusarium culmorum (WG Smith) Sacc., F. graminearum Schwabe. Hububat Hastalıkları Zirai Mücadele Teknik Talimatları. Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başk., 14-16. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TAGEM/Belgeler/yayin/Hububat%20Hastal%C4%B1klar%C4%B1%20Zirai%20M%C3%BCcadele%20Teknik%20Talimatlar%C4%B1.pdf (accessed date: 01.12.2024.
-
Arıcı Ş.E., 2006. Somaklonal varyasyondan yararlanarak in vitro seleksiyonla buğday (Triticum aestivum L.)'da başak yanıklığına (Fusarium spp.) dayanıklı bitki elde edilmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, 185 sayfa.
-
Bai G., Shaner G.E., 2004. Management and resistance in wheat and barley to Fusarium head blight. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 42 (1), 135-161. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.040803.140340
-
Bakker M.G., Jayathissa A.U., Fernando W.G.D., Badea A., Tucker J.R., 2024. Microbiome dynamics during malting of barley grains infested by Fusarium graminearum strains. Plant Pathology, 73, 7, 1886-1900. doi:10.1111/ppa.13946.
-
Bilikova J., Hudec K., 2014. Occurrence of Fusarium head blight of barley in Slovakia. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 15 (1) 175-184. doi: https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/15.1.1430
-
Browne R., Cooke B., 2005. A comparative assessment of potential components of partial disease resistance to Fusarium head blight using a detached leaf assay of wheat, barley and oats. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 112, 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-005-2077-z
-
Chrpová J., Šíp V., Štočková L., Stemberková L., Tvarůžek L., 2011. Resistance to Fusarium head blight in spring barley. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 47, (2). 58–63.
-
Çelik E., Karakaya A., 2015. Determination of the prevalence and severity of fungal foliage and head diseases occurring in the barley growing areas of Eskişehir province of Turkey. Plant Protection Bulletin, 55 (2), 157-170.
-
Derviş S., 2001. Screening of wheat varieties for resistance to head scab caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 25 (1), 37-43.
-
Dill-Macky R., 1997. Head Blight (Scab). In: Compendium of barley diseases (2nd Ed.), D.E. Mathre (Ed.), APS Press, 51-53.
-
Fernando W.G.D., Oghenekaro A.O., Tucker J.R., Badea A., 2021. Building on a foundation: advances in epidemiology, resistance breeding, and forecasting research for reducing the impact of Fusarium head blight in wheat and barley. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 43, 4, 495-526. doi:10.1080/07060661.2020.1861102
-
He X.Y., Singh P.K., Duveiller E., Dreisigacker S., Singh R.P., 2013. Development and characterization of international maize and wheat improvement center (CIMMYT) germplasm for Fusarium head blight resistance. In: Fusarium Head Blight in Latin America. Alconada Magliano T., Chulze S., (Eds.). Dordrecht, Springer, 241–262.
-
He X., Lillemo M., Shi J., Wu J., Bjørnstad Å., Belova T., Dreisigacker S., Duveiller E., Singh P., 2016. QTL characterization of Fusarium head blight resistance in CIMMYT bread wheat line. PLoS One, 11 (6), e0158052. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158052.
-
Hoheneder F., Biehl E.M., Hofer K., Petermeier J., Groth J., Herz M., Rychlik M., Heß M., Hückelhoven R., 2022. Host genotype and weather effects on Fusarium head blight severity and mycotoxin load in spring barley. Toxins, 14, 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020125
-
Imboden L., Afton D., Trail F., 2018. Surface interactions of Fusarium graminearum on barley. Molecular Plant Pathology, 19 (6), 1332–1342. doi:10.1111/mpp.12616
-
Ireta M.J., Gilchrist L., 1994. Fusarium head scab of wheat (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe). Wheat Special Report No. 21b. Mexico, DF, CIMMYT.
-
Işık V., Mert-Türk F., 2013. Buğday başak yanıklığı etmeni Fusarium culmorum’un farklı buğday çeşitlerinde zearalenone üretimi ve verime etkisinin araştırılması. MKU Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (1), 13-24..
-
Jansen C., Von Wettstein D., Schäfer W., Kogel K.H., Felk A., Maier F.J., 2005. Infection patterns in barley and wheat spikes inoculated with wild-type and trichodiene synthase gene disrupted Fusarium graminearum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 102 (46), 6892–16897. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0508467102
-
Janssen E.M., Liu C., Van der Fels-Klerx H.J., 2018. Fusarium infection and trichothecenes in barley and its comparison with wheat. World Mycotoxin Journal, 11 (1), 33-46. Wageningen Academic Publishers.
-
Juskiw P.E., Kabeta Y., Nyachiro J.M., Duggan T., Oatway L., Oro M., Bowness J., Westling D., Hoge L., Xi K., Turkington T.K., Capettini F., 2021. Registration of ‘AB Wrangler’, a two-rowed feed and forage barley with enhanced resistance to Fusarium head blight. Journal of Plant Registration, 15, 223–235. https://doi.org/10.1002/plr2.20091
-
Kalaycı M., 2005. Örneklerle jump kullanımı ve tarımsal araştırma için varyans analiz modelleri. AnadoluTarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Yayın No: 21. ISBN: 975-407-173-X.
-
Kansu B., 2009. Buğdayda kök-boğazı çürüklüğü ve başak yanıklığı etmeni Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm) Sacc. ve oluşturduğu deoksinivalenol düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 100 s., Samsun.
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