Marul (Lactuca sativa L.) Tohumlarının Çimlenmesi Üzerinde Bazı Yabancı Otların Allelopatik Etkisi

Öz

Yabancı otlar, kültür bitkilerinin büyüme ve gelişimini doğrudan veya dolaylı yoldan sınırlandırarak tarımsal üretimi olumsuz yönde etkileyebilir. Doğrudan etkiler arasında ışık, su, besin ve alan için rekabet öne çıkarken, dolaylı etkiler arasında allelopati önemli bir mekanizma olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Tohum çimlenme aşaması, bitkilerin yaşam döngüsündeki en kritik evrelerden biri olup, allelopatik etkileşimler bu süreçte belirleyici bir rol oynayabilmektedir. Allelopati, bazı bitkiler tarafından salgılanan biyokimyasallar (allelokimyasallar) aracılığıyla diğer bitkilerin gelişimini baskılayan bir etkileşim biçimidir. Bu çalışmada, farklı yabancı ot türlerinin allelopatik etkilerinin belirlenmesi ve marul (Lactuca sativa) tohumlarının bu etkilere karşı duyarlılığının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, Amaranthus retroflexus, Sinapis arvensis ve Diplotaxis tenuifolia türlerinden elde edilen bitki materyalleri kurutulmuş, küçük parçalara ayrılmış ve distile suda 24 saat karıştırılmıştır. Elde edilen süspansiyon santrifüjlenmiş ve Whatman filtre kağıtlarından süzülerek ekstraktlar elde edilmiştir. Ekstraktlar %12,5, %25, %50 ve %100 oranlarında seyreltilerek, her birinde 10 marul tohumu bulunan petri kaplarına 6 mL uygulanmıştır. Örnekler, 18°C sıcaklık ve %70 bağıl nemde, 16 saat aydınlık ve 8 saat karanlık döngüsüne sahip iklim dolabında 6 gün süreyle inkübe edilmiştir. Çalışmada, kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırmalı olarak yabancı ot ekstraktlarının çimlenme yüzdesi ve kök uzunluğu üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, A. retroflexus’un marul çimlenmesi üzerinde belirgin bir allelopatik etkiye sahip olmadığını gösterirken, S. arvensis ve D. tenuifolia türlerinin ise önemli düzeyde allelopatik etki gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, belirli yabancı ot türlerinin kültür bitkileri üzerindeki olası baskılayıcı etkilerini anlamak ve yabancı ot yönetimi stratejileri geliştirmek açısından önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Allelokimyasallar
• Ekstraksiyon
• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Sinapis arvensis
• Diplotaxis tenuifolia

Allelopathic Effect of Some Weeds on Germination of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Seeds

Öz

Weeds can limit the reproductive and survival traits of cultivated plants either directly or indirectly. Direct effects involve factors such as light, nutrients, water, and space, while indirect effects primarily involve allelopathy. Seed germination is one of the most crucial stages in the life cycle of all plants. Allelopathic effects are one of the significant factors influencing seed germination. Allelopathy occurs through allelochemicals, which are biochemical substances released by one plant that affect the growth of other plants. This study aimed to observe allelopathic effects and determine which weed species have a greater impact on the germination of a selected crop plant. Samples of Amaranthus retroflexus L., Sinapis arvensis L., and Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC were collected, dried, and ground into small pieces, which were then mixed in distilled water for 24 hours. The mixture was centrifuged, filtered using Whatman filter paper, and the extracts were obtained. The extracts were prepared at concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%.These extracts were applied at 6 ml per petri dish containing 10 lettuce seeds each. The petri dishes were kept in an incubator for 6 days at 18°C, with 70% humidity, and under a 16-hour light and 8-hour dark cycle. The effects of the various weed extracts on seed germination count and seedling length were observed and compared with control samples.The results indicated that Amaranthus retroflexus did not have a critical level of allelopathic effect, while Diplotaxis tenuifolia and Sinapis arvensis exhibited significant allelopathic abilities that were of critical importance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Allelochemicals
• extracts
• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Sinapis arvensis
• Diplotaxis tenuifolia

Kaynakça

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