Soya fasulyesinde Sclerotinia kök çürüklüğü hastalığının biyolojik kontrolü

Öz

Soya (Glycine max) yetiştiriciliğinde Sclerotinia kök çürüklüğü (SR) hastalığına neden olan hastalık etmeni Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary’dir. Hastalık etmeni tohum ve toprak kökenli olması nedeniyle önemli ürün kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada SR’nin kontrolünde kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif olabilecek biyolojik kontrol ajanlarından Coniothyrium minitans (CM), Trichoderma harzianum (TH) ve Bacillus subtilis (BS)’nin birlikte ve 10 gün arayla yapılan uygulamalarındaki etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada fungal hastalık ve biyolojik ajanların birlikte ve 10 gün arayla uygulamalarında en düşük enfekteli bitki oranları hastalık inokulasyonundan 10 gün önce biyolojik ajan uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda uygulamalarda en düşük hastalık oranı ve en yüksek % etki oranı, %31.68 ve %61.94 ile CM+10 gün sonra SR uygulamasından elde edilmiştir; bunu sırasıyla BS+10 gün sonra SR ve TH+10 gün sonra SR izlemiştir. Çalışmada tüm biyolojik ajanların uygulamalarındaki hastalık oranları kontrole göre hastalık çıkışını önemli düzeyde azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada soya bitkisinde fungal hastalık etmeni Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ile mücadelede kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif biyolojik ajanlardan en başarılısı Coniothyrium minitans olmuş, bunu sırasıyla Bacillus subtilis ve Trichoderma harzianum izlemiştir. Çalışma sonuçları biyolojik preperatların uygulanmasında; fungal hastalık enfeksiyondan önce, enfeksiyon sırasında veya sonrasındaki uygulamaların patojen ile mücadelede başarıyı artırmada önemli bir etken olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• soya
• Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
• Coniothyrium minitans
• Trichoderma harzianum
• Bacillus subtilis

Biological control of Sclerotinia stem rot disease (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in soybean

Abstract

In soybean (Glycine max) cultivation, the disease pathogen causing Sclerotinia stem rot (SR) disease is Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. The Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes significant crop losses due to its seed and soil borne infecton. In this study, the effectiveness of biological control agents such as Coniothyrium minitans (CM), Trichoderma harzianum (TH), and Bacillus subtilis (BS), which can be used as alternatives to chemical control in managing SR, was investigated when applied together and at 10-day intervals. In the study, the lowest infected plant rates in biological control with SR were obtained from biological agent applications 10 days before disease inoculation. In this context, the lowest disease severity % and the highest % effect rate were obtained from the CM+10 days later SR application with 31.68% and 61.94%, followed by BS+10 days later SR and TH+10 days later SR, respectively. All biological agents have been found to significantly reduce disease occurrence compared to control. In the study, the most successful biological agent alternative to chemical control against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was Coniothyrium minitans, followed by Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, respectively. The study results revealed that the applications of biological preparations before, during, or after fungal infection is an important factor in improving control of the disease pathogen.

Keywords

• soybean
• Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
• Coniothyrium minitans
• Trichoderma harzianum
• Bacillus subtilis

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