ERKEK VE KADIN ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE AKILLI TELEFON BAĞIMLILIĞI İLE UYKU KALİTESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinde akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ile uyku kalitesi arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlişkisel tarama modeli kullanılarak yapılan araştırmaya 214’ü kadın, 189’u erkek toplam 403 üniversite öğrencisi katılım göstermiştir. Veri toplama araçları olarak; Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve Uyku Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Normal dağılım gösteren verilerin istatistiksel analizlerinde bağımsız örneklemler T-Testi, Pearson Korelasyon ve doğrusal Regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları incelendiğinde; akıllı telefon bağımlılığında cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık elde edilirken (p<.05); uyku kalitesinde ise cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık elde edilmemiştir (p>.05). Bağımlı değişkenler açısından sonuçlar incelendiğinde, akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ile uyku kalitesi arasında negatif yönde düşük düzeyde anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir (p<.05). Ayrıca akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, erkek ve kadın üniversite öğrencilerinin uyku kalitesini sırasıyla %7 ve %3 oranında olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, akıllı telefona bağımlı olmanın üniversite öğrencilerinde uyku kalitesini düşürdüğü ve bu sonucun üniversite öğrencilerini olumsuz yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir Ayrıca, zihinsel sağlığın bozulmasının yanı sıra depresyon, kaygı ve izolasyona da yol açabilir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Öğrenci
• Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı
• Uyku Kalitesi

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND SLEEP QUALITY IN MALE AND FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Öz

In this study aimed to determine the relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep quality in university students. A total of 403 university students, 214 women, and 189 men, participated in the research conducted using the relational screening model. As data collection tools; Personal Information Form, Smartphone Addiction Scale, and Sleep Quality Scale were used. Independent Samples T-test, Pearson Correlation, and Linear Regression analysis were used in the statistical analysis of normally distributed data. When the research findings were examined; while there was a significant difference in smartphone addiction according to gender (p<.05); there was no significant difference in sleep quality according to gender (p>.05). When the results were examined in terms of dependent variables, low-level negative and significant relationships were detected between smartphone addiction and sleep quality (p<.05). Additionally, smartphone addiction negatively predicts the sleep quality of male and female university students by 7% and 3%, respectively (p<.05). As a result, it is thought that being addicted to smartphones reduces the sleep quality of university students and this result will negatively affect university students. It can lead to poor mental health as well as depression, anxiety, and isolation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Student
• Smartphone Addiction
• Sleep Quality

Kaynakça

1. Xavier C., Chamarro A., Ursula O., Beatriz R., Mariona P. (2018). Problematic use of the internet and smartphones in university students: 2006–2017. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15(3), 475–487.
2. Liu S, Xiao T., Yang L., Loprinzi PD. (2019). Exercise as an alternative approach for treating smartphone addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of random controlled trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16(20), 3912–3927.
3. Yang G., Li Y., Liu S., Liu C., Jia C., Wang S. (2021). Physical activity influences the mobile phone addiction among Chinese undergraduates: The moderating effect of exercise type. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 10(3), 799-810.
4. Shoval D., Tal N, Tzischinsky O. (2020). Relationship of smartphone use at night with sleep quality and psychological well-being among healthy students: A pilot study. Sleep Health. 6(4), 495-497.
5. Kim K., Ryu E., Chon M. Y., Yeun EJ., Choi SY., Seo JS., Nam BW. (2006). Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: a questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 43(2), 185-192.
6. Alabi OF. (2013). A survey of facebook addiction level among selected Nigerian University undergraduates. New Media and Mass Communication. 10(2012), 70-80.
7. Lane HY., Chang CJ., Huang CL., Chang, YH. (2021). An investigation into smartphone addiction with personality and sleep quality among university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(14), 7588.
8. Haug S., Castro RP., Kwon M., Filler A., Kowatsch T.,Schaub MP. (2015). Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 4(4), 299-307.

9. Elhai JD., Dvorak RD., Levine JC., Hall, BJ. (2017). Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. Journal of Affective Disorders. 207, 251-259.
10. Li L., Griffiths MD., Mei S., Niu Z. (2020). Fear of missing out and smartphone addiction mediates the relationship between positive and negative affect and sleep quality among Chinese university students. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 11, 576363.
11. Stanković M., Nešić M., Čičević S., Shi, Z. (2021). Association of smartphone use with depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, and internet addiction. Empirical evidence from a smartphone application. Personality and Individual Differences. 168, 110342.
12. Aguirre CC. (2016). Sleep deprivation: A mind-body approach. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 22(6), 583–588.
13. Baglioni C., Nanovska S., Regen W., Spiegelhalder K., Feige B., Nissen C., Riemann D. (2016). Sleep and Mental Disorders: A meta-analysis of polysomnographic research. Psychological Bulletin. 142(9), 969.
14. Chung JE., Choi SA., Kim KT., Yee J., Kim JH., Seong JW., Gwak HS. (2018). Smartphone addiction risk and daytime sleepiness in Korean adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health. 54(7), 800-806.
15. Kumar VA, Chandrasekaran V, Brahadeeswari H. (2019). Prevalence of smartphone addiction and its effects on sleep quality: A cross-sectional study among medical students. Industrial Psychiatry Journal. 28(1), 82-85.
16. Numanoğlu-Akbaş A, Suner-Keklik S, Yakut H. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between smart phone addiction and physical activity in university students. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. 12(6), 7.
17. Kurugodiyavar MD., Sushma HR., Godbole M., Nekar MS. (2018). Impact of smartphone use on quality of sleep among medical students. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 5(1), 101-109.
18. Nowreen N., Ahad F. (2018). Effect of smartphone usage on quality of sleep in medical students. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 8(9), 1366.
19. Demirci K., Akgönül M., Akpinar A. (2015). Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 85-92.
20. Matar Boumosleh J., Jaalouk, D. (2017). Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students-A cross sectional study. PloS One. 12(8), e0182239.
21. Dewi RK., Efendi F., Has EMM., Gunawan J. (2021). Adolescents’ smartphone use at night, sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. 33(2), 20180095.
22. Christensen MA., Bettencourt L., Kaye L., Moturu ST., Nguyen KT., Olgin JE., Marcus GM. (2016). Direct measurements of smartphone screen-time: Relationships with demographics and sleep. PloS One. 11(11), e0165331.
23. Soni R., Upadhyay R., Jain M. (2017). Prevalence of smartphone addiction, sleep quality and associated behaviour problems in University students. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 5(2), 515–519.
24. Liu QQ., Zhou ZK., Yang XJ., Kong FC., Niu GF., Fan CY. (2017). Mobile phone addiction and sleep quality among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model. Computers in Human Behavior. 72,108–114.
25. Rathakrishnan B., Bikar Singh SS., Kamaluddin MR., Yahaya A., Mohd Nasir MA., Ibrahim F., Ab Rahman Z. (2021). Smartphone addiction and sleep quality on academic performance of university students: An exploratory research. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(16), 8291.
26. Chang AK., Choi J. (2016). Predictors of sleep quality among young adults in Korea: gender differences. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 37(12), 918–928.
27. Chen B., Liu F., Ding S., Ying X., Wang L., Wen Y. (2017). Gender differences in factors associated with smartphone addiction: a cross-sectional study among medical college students. BMC Psychiatry. 17, 1-9.
28. Yazıcıoğlu Y., & Erdoğan S. (2014). SPSS Uygulamalı Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık
29. Kwon M., Kim DJ., Cho H., Yang S. (2013). The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PloS One. 8(12), e83558.
30. Noyan CO., Darcin AE., Nurmedov S., Yilmaz O., Dilbaz N. (2015). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short version among university students/Akilli Telefon Bagimliligi Olceginin Kisa Formunun universite ogrencilerinde Turkce gecerlilik ve guvenilirlik calismasi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 16(1), 73-82.
31. Meijer AM., Van den Wittenboer GLH. (2004). The joint contribution of sleep, intelligence and motivation to school performance. Personality and Individual Differences. 37(1), 95–106.
32. Önder İ., Masal E., Demirhan E., Horzum MB., Beşoluk, Ş. (2016). Psychometric properties of sleep quality scale and sleep variables questionnaire in Turkish student sample. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies. 3(3), 9-21.
33. De-Sola Gutiérrez J., Rodríguez de Fonseca F., Rubio G. (2016). Cell-phone addiction: A review. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 7, 175.
34. Van Deursen AJ., Bolle CL., Hegner SM., Kommers PA. (2015). Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior: The role of smartphone usage types, emotional intelligence, social stress, self-regulation, age, and gender. Computers in Human Behavior. 45, 411-420.
35. Zencirci SA., Aygar H., Göktaş S., Önsüz MF., Alaiye M., Metintaş S. (2018). Evaluation of smartphone addiction and related factors among university students. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 6(7), 2210-2216.
36. Chatterjee S., Kar SK. (2021). Smartphone addiction and quality of sleep among Indian medical students. Psychiatry 84(2), 182-191.
37. Alhazmi AA., Alzahrani SH., Baig M., Salawati EM. (2018). Prevalence and factors associated with smartphone addiction among medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 34(4), 984.
38. Chen B., Liu F., Ding S., Ying X., Wang L., Wen Y. (2017). Gender differences in factors associated with smartphone addiction: A cross-sectional study among medical college students. BMC Psychiatry. 17, 1-9.
39. Lei LYC., Ismail MAA., Mohammad JAM., Yusoff MSB. (2020). The relationship of smartphone addiction with psychological distress and neuroticism among university medical students. BMC Psychology. 8, 1-9.
40. Tangmunkongvorakul A., Musumari PM., Tsubohara, Y., Ayood P., Srithanaviboonchai K., Techasrivichien T., Kihara M. (2020). Factors associated with smartphone addiction: A comparative study between Japanese and Thai high school students. PLoS One. 15(9), e0238459.
41. Sohn SY., Krasnoff L., Rees P., Kalk NJ., Carter B. (2021). The association between smartphone addiction and sleep: A UK cross-sectional study of young adults. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 12, 629407.
42. Huber R., Treyer, V., Borbely AA., Schuderer J., Gottselig JM., Landolt HP., Achermann P. (2002). Electromagnetic fields, such as those from mobile phones, alter regional cerebral blood flow and sleep and waking EEG. Journal of Sleep Research. 11(4), 289-295.
43. Shrivastava A., Saxena Y. (2014). Effect of mobile usage on serum melatonin levels among medical students. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 58(4), 395-399.
44. Hysing M., Pallesen S., Stormark KM., Jakobsen R., Lundervold AJ., Sivertsen B. (2015). Sleep and use of electronic devices in adolescence: results from a large population-based study. BMJ Open. 5(1), e006748.
45. Cain N., Gradisar M. (2010). Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review. Sleep Medicine. 11(8), 735-742.
46. Khalsa SBS., Jewett ME., Cajochen C., Czeisler CAA. (2003). A phase response curve to single bright light pulses in human subjects. The Journal of Physiology. 549(3), 945-952.
47. Tsai LL., Li SP. (2004). Sleep patterns in college students: gender and grade differences. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 56(2), 231–237.
48. Fatima Y., Doi SA., Najman JM., Mamun AA. (2016). Exploring Gender Difference in Sleep Quality of Young Adults: Findings from a Large Population Study. Clinical Medicine & Research. 14(3-4):138–44.
49. Huang Q., Li Y., Huang S., Qi J., Shao T., Chen X., Chen, H. (2020). Smartphone use and sleep quality in Chinese college students: a preliminary study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 11, 352.
50. Gündoğmuş İ., Kul AT., Çoban DA. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between social network usage and sleep quality among university students. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 21(2), 141-148.
51. Kim JH., Seo M., David P. (2015). Alleviating depression only to become problematic mobile phone users: Can face-to-face communication be the antidote?. Computers in Human Behavior. 51, 440-447.
52. Machell KA., Goodman FR., Kashdan TB. (2015). Experiential avoidance and well-being: A daily diary analysis. Cognition and Emotion. 29(29, 351-359.