Engelli Takım Sporcularında Sezon İçi Yaralanmalar ve Sağlık Sorunlarının Engel Türüne Göre Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışma, bedensel, görme ve işitme engelli takım sporcularının müsabaka sezonu boyunca karşılaştıkları spora bağlı yaralanma ve sağlık sorunlarını tanımlamayı ve engellilik türlerine göre dağılımını incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel bir tasarıma sahip olan araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2023–2024 sezonunda Türkiye’de bedensel, görme ve işitme engelliler spor federasyonları bünyesinde aktif olarak müsabakalara katılan toplam 125 engelli sporcu (39 bedensel, 41 görme ve 45 işitme engelli) oluşturmuştur. Veriler, katılımcıların öz-bildirimlerine dayalı olarak çevrim içi anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu ve yapılandırılmış spor yaralanmaları ve sağlık sorunları anketi kullanılmıştır. Analizlerde frekans ve yüzde değerlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular, katılımcıların çoğunun sezon boyunca 1-2 kez spora bağlı yaralanma yaşadığını, yaralanmaların en sık sezon başında, müsabaka sırasında, güç ve kondisyon antrenmanlarında meydana geldiğini göstermiştir. Bedensel engelli sporcularda üst ekstremite, görme ve işitme engelli sporcularda ise alt ekstremite yaralanmaları daha yaygındır. Yaralanma sonrası spordan uzak kalma süresi genellikle 1 ila 7 gün arasındadır. Sağlık sorunları açısından bedensel ve görme engelli sporcular daha çok kas-iskelet sistemi problemi yaşarken, işitme engelli sporcularda kronik yorgunluk daha sık görülmüştür. Sonuçlar, yaralanma ve sağlık sorunlarının ortaya çıkmasında engel türünün belirleyici olduğunu, ayrıca spor türü, antrenman, müsabaka koşulları ve spor deneyimi gibi bağlamsal faktörlerin de etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Türkiye’de engelli takım sporcularında spora bağlı yaralanma ve sağlık sorunlarının epidemiyolojik örüntülerini ortaya koyan bu çalışmanın bulguları, engelli sporcularda yaralanma yükünün azaltılmasına yönelik olarak engel ve spor türüne özgü yaralanma önleme stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Engelli sporcular
• Takım sporları
• Spora bağlı yaralanmalar
• Sağlık sorunları

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma için herhangi bir finansal destek alınmamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Bu araştırma için Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulu’ndan onay alınmıştır (Tarih ve Karar No: 03/06/2024-143900).

Teşekkür

Araştırmaya gönüllü katılım gösteren tüm katılımcılara zaman ayırdıkları ve iş birliği sağladıkları için teşekkür ederiz.

Comparison of In-Season Injuries and Health Problems by Disability Type in Team Sport Athletes with Disabilitiesy

Öz

This study aimed to identify sports-related injuries and health problems experienced by physically, visually, and hearing-impaired team athletes during a competitive season and to examine their distribution according to disability type. This descriptive cross-sectional study included 125 athletes (39 physically impaired, 41 visually impaired, and 45 hearing impaired) who actively competed in the 2023–2024 season under the relevant sports federations in Türkiye. Data were collected via an online questionnaire based on self-reports, using a researcher-developed personal information form and a structured questionnaire on sports injuries and health problems. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) were used for analysis. The findings showed that most participants experienced sports-related injuries 1–2 times during the season, most commonly at the beginning of the season, during competitions, and in strength and conditioning training. Upper extremity injuries were more frequent among physically impaired athletes, whereas lower extremity injuries were more common among visually and hearing-impaired athletes. The duration of absence from sport was generally 1–7 days. Regarding health problems, physically and visually impaired athletes were more affected by musculoskeletal issues, while chronic fatigue was more prevalent among hearing-impaired athletes. The results indicate that disability type is a key determinant of injury and health problem occurrence, with additional contributions from contextual factors such as sport type, training, competition conditions, and sports experience. These findings reveal the epidemiological patterns of sports-related injuries and health problems among disabled team athletes in Türkiye and may inform the development of disability- and sport-specific injury prevention strategies to reduce injury burden.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Athletes with disabilities
• Team sports
• Sports-related injuries
• Healt problems

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was not supported by any funding source.

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval was obtained from the Muş Alparslan University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee (Date and Decision No: 03/06/2024-143900).

Teşekkür

The authors thank all participants for their voluntary participation and cooperation.

Kaynakça

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